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Energy in Mexico describesenergy,fuel, andelectricity production, consumption, and import inMexico.
In 2008, Mexico produced 234TWh of electricity, of which, 86 TWh was fromthermal power stations, 39 TWh fromhydropower, 18 TWh fromcoal, 9.8 TWh fromnuclear power, 7 TWh fromgeothermal power and 0.255 TWh fromwind power.[2] Mexico is among the world's topoil producers andexporters.
In 2022, Mexico's total energy supply (TES) consisted of oil, accounting for 44.3%, with natural gas at 39.0%, and coal at 5.5%. Biofuels and waste constituted 5.0% of the total, while other renewables, such as hydro, wind, and solar, combined to form 4.8%. Nuclear energy contributed a minor portion, representing 1.5% of the overall energy supply.[3]
| Energy in Mexico[4] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capita | Prim. energy | Production | Export | Electricity | CO2-emission | |
| Million | TWh | TWh | TWh | TWh | Mt | |
| 2004 | 104.0 | 1,925 | 2,952 | 1,002 | 188 | 374 |
| 2007 | 105.7 | 2,143 | 2,920 | 723 | 214 | 438 |
| 2008 | 106.6 | 2,100 | 2,717 | 549 | 215 | 408 |
| 2009 | 107.4 | 2,031 | 2,559 | 492 | 218 | 400 |
| 2010 | 108.3 | 2,071 | 2,633 | 508 | 226 | 417 |
| 2012 | 109.2 | 2,165 | 2,654 | 418 | 250 | 432 |
| 2012R | 117.1 | 2,191 | 2,547 | 266 | 246 | 436 |
| 2013 | 118.4 | 2,224 | 2,518 | 253 | 255 | 452 |
| Change 2004-10 | 4.1% | 7.6% | -10.8% | -49.3% | 20.3% | 11.6% |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh. Prim. energy includes energy losses 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated | ||||||
Thepetroleum industry in Mexico makesMexico the eleventh largest producer ofoil in the world and the thirteenth largest in terms of net exports. Mexico hasthe seventeenth largest oil reserves in the world, and it is the fourth largestoil producer in the Western Hemisphere behind theUnited States,Canada andBrazil.[5][6] Mexico is a member ofOPEC+ and theUnited States–Mexico–Canada Agreement.
The petroleum sector is a significant contributor to theMexican economy, with oil revenues generating almost 7% of Mexico's export earnings.[7] In 2014, income from the petroleum sector made up 33% of public sector income,[8] and taxes on the revenues of the state-owned oil companyPetróleos Mexicanos (Pemex) formed roughly 20% of all tax revenues collected by the Mexican government in 2022.[9]
While a significant contributor to the overall Mexican economy, the industry has been criticized as a driver of pollution[10] and environmental destruction.[11] In some cases, residents of extraction zones have expressed negative opinions regarding the effects that the oil industry has on their community.[11][12] In addition to this, issues such as corruption and fuel theft hinder operational efficiency.[11][13]
Renewable energy in Mexico contributes to 26 percent ofelectricity generation inMexico. As of 2009, electricity generation fromrenewable energy comes frombiomass,hydro power,geothermal,solar power andwind. There is a long term effort established to increase the use of renewable energy sources. The amount of geothermal energy used and harvested, places Mexico as number four in the world.[14]
As the importance of cleansustainable energy becomes more prevalent, the country and government officials continue to invest in research and innovations to continue to allow Mexico to be a leading example of renewable energy. Predictions based on current energy standings lead the country to anticipate by 2035, the 26 percent renewable energy in Mexico will rise to 35 percent.
Not only will this prove a more sustainable future it also increases jobs in rural areas. Jobs increased by 14 percent within the last 8 years in the renewable energy sector. With the objection to create more in-home jobs for residents of Mexico, an increase in sustainable energy, results in lower demand for conventional fuels such as fuel oil, petrol gas, coal and natural gas. With lower demand for these fuels, mainly gasoline and diesel and on the rise jet fuel, this will result in a lower need for imports. With relying on fewer imports, national security is higher.
Mexico had the sixth greatest geothermal energy production in 2019.[15][16][17] Mexico is home to the largest geothermal power stations in the world, theCerro Prieto Geothermal Power Station.
| External images | |
|---|---|
 Oaxaca Wind Resource Map | |
| Northwestern Mexico Border Areas - 50m Wind Power |
Mexico is rapidly growing its production ofwind power. In 2016, its installed capacity had reached 3,527 MW,[18][19] increasing to 8,128 MW in 2020.[20]
In 2008, there were three wind farms in the country. TheEurus Wind Farm was the largest wind farm inLatin America.[21] 18 of 27 wind farms construction projects were based inLa Ventosa[22] in theIsthmus of Tehuantepec inOaxaca,[23] also referred as thewind farm corridor. According to theMexican Wind Energy Association, Mexico was predicted to progress to rank twentieth worldwide in wind capacity by the end of 2012, and to produce four percent of the country's total electricity production.[22] It also projected that the nation would have 12 GW (16,000,000 hp) of wind generation capacity by 2020, and would be able to provide fifteen percent of Mexico's production.[22] Brian Gardner,Economist Intelligence Unit's energy analyst, said, "With strong wind through the south, consistent sunlight in the north and a stable market, Mexico is well positioned for continued renewables growth".[22] Wind power is in partial competition withSolar power in Mexico.[24]
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As required by the Constitution, the electricity sector is federally owned, with the Federal Electricity Commission (Comisión Federal de Electricidad or CFE) essentially controlling the whole sector; private participation and foreign companies are allowed to operate in the country only through specific service contracts. Attempts to reform the sector have traditionally faced strong political and social resistance in Mexico, where subsidies for residential consumers absorb substantial fiscal resources.
The electricity sector inMexico relies heavily on thermal sources (75% of total installed capacity), followed by hydropower generation (19%). Although exploitation of solar, wind, and biomass resources has a large potential, geothermal energy is the only renewable source (excluding hydropower) with a significant contribution to theenergy mix (2% of total generation capacity). Expansion plans for the period 2006-2015 estimate the addition of some 14.8 GW of new generation capacity by thepublic sector, with a predominance of combined cycles.
In 2022, Mexico's electricity generation primarily came from four key sources: natural gas (56.8%), oil (13.5%), coal (6.8%), and renewables (19.5%)—which included hydroelectric power, wind energy, solar PV systems, geothermal energy, biofuels, and waste.[25] As of 2026,[26] most of Mexico's electricity comes from oil (33 TWh) and gas (221 TWh).
Mexico highly depends on the burning of itsfossil fuels, and for the same reason, it is in its interest to look intomitigation solutions for its corresponding emissions. In theGeneral Law on Climate Change on 2012, Mexico promised to reduce 20% of itsgreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2020 and 50% by 2050, as well as in theParis Agreement.[27] 19% of this new mitigation plan will be dedicated tocarbon capture and storage and specifically 10% to theenergy industry.
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InMexico, theSecretariat of Energy (Spanish:Secretaría de Energia) is thegovernment department in charge of production and regulation of energy. This secretary is a member of theExecutive Cabinet.
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