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Empress Xiaojingxian (28 June 1681 – 29 October 1731) of theManchu Plain Yellow Banner Ula Nara clan, was the primary wife of theYongzheng Emperor.^[1]^[2] She was empress consort of Qing from 1723 until her death in 1731, and was posthumously honoured with the titleEmpress Xiaojingxian.^[3] Yongzheng did not elevate any of his other consorts to the position of empress after she died.

Life

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Family background

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Father: Fiyanggū (費揚古/费扬古), often confused as the Fiyanggū who served as a first rank military official (領侍衛內大臣/领诗卫内大臣), and held the title of a first-class duke (一等公).^[4] In fact, the Empress' father was from the Ula Nara family and was only posthumously named Duke in the 13th year of Yongzheng. The Fiyanggū who was a military officer was the younger brother of Consort Dong'E,^[5] the favourite concubine of Emperor Shunzhi, grandfather of Emperor Yongzheng.
- Paternal grandfather: Bohucha (博瑚察). He was married to the great-great-granddaughter ofNurhachi, the founder of the Qing Dynasty.
Mother: LadyAisin Gioro
- Maternal grandfather: Murhu (穆爾祜/穆尔祜; d. 1654),Cuyen's grandson
- Maternal grandmother: LadyBorjigin
Three elder brothers and one younger brother

Kangxi era

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Lady Ula Nara was born on the 13th day of the fifthlunar month in the 20th year of the reign of theKangxi Emperor, which translates to 28 June 1681 in theGregorian calendar.^[1]

In 1691, she married Yinzhen, the fourth son of the Kangxi Emperor, and became his primary consort.^[1]^[6] After her death, Yinzhen's mourning lament stated that when they married, she was a child; indeed, at the time of their marriage she was only 10 years old.^[6] On 17 April 1697, she gave birth to their first son, Honghui, who would die while still a child on 7 July 1704.

Yongzheng era

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The Kangxi Emperor died on 20 December 1722 and was succeeded by Yinzhen, who was enthroned as the Yongzheng Emperor. On 28 March 1723, Lady Ula Nara, as the Yongzheng Emperor's primary consort, was instated as empress and put in charge of the emperor's harem.

She died on 29 October 1731 and was interred in the Tai Mausoleum of theWestern Qing Tombs.^[7]

Titles

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During the reign of theKangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722):
- Lady Ula Nara (烏拉那拉氏; from 28 June 1681)
- Primary Consort (嫡福晋; from 1691)
During the reign of theYongzheng Emperor (r. 1722–1735):
- Empress (皇后; from 28 March 1723)^[8]
- Empress Xiaojing (孝敬皇后; from December 1731 or January 1732)^[9]
During the reign of theQianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796):
- Empress Xiaojingxian (孝敬憲皇后; from 1737)

Issue

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As primary consort:
- Honghui (弘暉/弘晖; 17 April 1697 – 7 July 1704), the Yongzheng Emperor's first son

In fiction and popular culture

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Portrayed by Zhuang Li inYongzheng Dynasty (1999)
Portrayed by Amber Xu inPalace (2011)
Portrayed by Mu Tingting inScarlet Heart (2011)
Portrayed byAda Choi inEmpresses in the Palace (2011)
Portrayed bySun Feifei inPalace II (2012)
Portrayed byAnnie Yi inThe Palace (2013)
Portrayed byJoan Chen inRuyi's Royal Love in the Palace (2018)

Notes

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^^a ^b ^cLee, Lily Xiao Hong; Lau, Clara; Stefanowska, A. D. (2015-07-17).Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: v. 1: The Qing Period, 1644-1911. Routledge.ISBN 978-1-317-47588-0.
^Epstein, Maram (2021-02-01).Orthodox Passions: Narrating Filial Love During the High Qing. BRILL.ISBN 978-1-68417-606-9.
^Hammers, Roslyn Lee (2021-03-30).The Imperial Patronage of Labor Genre Paintings in Eighteenth-Century China. Routledge.ISBN 978-1-000-33988-8.
^"Unknown".^{[permanent dead link]}
^"Dong'e, Consort of Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty | Artist Zou Li".
^^a ^bLo, Hui-Chi (2009).Political Advancement and Religious Transcendence: The Yongzheng Emperor's (1678-1735) Deployment of Portraiture. Stanford University.
^Wang, Boyang (1998-08-31).Imperial Mausoleums and Tombs. Springer Vienna.ISBN 978-3-211-82991-2.
^雍正元年二月二十二日
^雍正九年十二月

References

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Wan, Yi; Shuqing, Wang; Yanzhen, Lu; Scott, Rosemary E. (1988).Daily Life in the Forbidden City: The Qing Dynasty, 1644-1912 (Illustrated ed.). Viking.ISBN 0670811645.

Empress Xiaojingxian

Ula-Nara Clan

Chinese royalty

Preceded by

Empress Xiaoyiren
of the Tunggiya clan

Empress consort of China
28 March 1723 – 29 October 1731

Succeeded by

Empress Xiaoxianchun
of the Fuca clan

v t e Empresses of theQing dynasty
Empresses Consort
Empress Xiaoduanwen Erdeni Bumba Empress Xiaohuizhang Empress Xiaochengren Empress Xiaozhaoren Empress Xiaoyiren Empress Xiaojingxian Empress Xiaoxianchun Empress Nara Empress Xiaoshurui Empress Xiaoherui Empress Xiaoshencheng Empress Xiaoquancheng Empress Xiaozhenxian Empress Xiaozheyi Empress Xiaodingjing Empress Xiaokemin(Manchukuo)
Empresses Dowager
Empress Xiaoduanwen Empress Dowager Zhaosheng Empress Dowager Renxian Empress Dowager Cihe Empress Dowager Renshou Empress Dowager Chongqing Empress Dowager Gongci Empress Dowager Kangci Empress Dowager Ci'an Empress Dowager Cixi Empress Dowager Longyu
Grand Empresses Dowager
Grand Empress Dowager Zhaosheng Grand Empress Dowager Cixi
Posthumous Empresses
Empress Xiaoliewu Empress Xiaocigao Empress Xiaoxianzhang Empress Xiaoyichun Empress Xiaomucheng Empress Xiaodexian
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