Emperor Xuanzong of Jin (18 April 1163 – 14 January 1224), personal nameWudubu,sinicized namesWanyan Xun andWanyan Congjia, was the eighthemperor of theJurchen-ledJin dynasty of China. He was the second Jin emperor to be defeated by theMongol Empire, and the first after they crossed theGreat Wall in 1211 during theJin campaign.

Wudubu was a son ofWanyan Yungong (完顏允恭), a son ofEmperor Shizong. He was a nephew ofWanyan Yongji, his predecessor as emperor. His mother wasLady Liu (劉氏), a concubine of Wanyan Yungong. In 1178, he was enfeoffed as the "Duke of Wen" (溫國公). In 1186, he chose for himself thesinicized name "Xun" (珣). In 1189, he was promoted to "Prince of Feng" (豐王). In 1196, his princely title was changed to "Prince of Yi" (翼王). In 1205, he changed his sinicized name to "Congjia" (從嘉). His princely titles were subsequently changed again, to "Prince of Xing" (邢王) and then "Prince of Sheng" (升王).

In the eighth month of 1213, the generalHeshilie Zhizhong (紇石烈執中; also known as Hushahu 胡沙虎) rebelled against the emperor, Wanyan Yongji, and assassinated him. Hushahu then installed Wanyan Congjia on the throne to replace Wanyan Yongji. As Wanyan Congjia was stationed inHebei at the time, Hushahu chose Wanyan Congjia's eldest son,Wanyan Shouzhong (完顏守忠), to temporarily serve asjianguo (監國;regent) in the capital,Zhongdu (中都; present-dayXicheng andFengtai districts ofBeijing). In the ninth month, Wanyan Congjia returned to Zhongdu and was crowned emperor; he is thus historically known as Emperor Xuanzong of the Jin dynasty. He appointed Hushahu as Grand Tutor (太師), Chief Imperial Secretary (尙書令), and Marshal of the Capital (都元帥), in addition to enfeoffing him as "Prince of Ze" (澤王). Shortly after his ascension, Emperor Xuanzong adopted theregnal name "Zhenyou" (貞祐). He also changed his sinicised name back from "Congjia" to "Xun". In the tenth month, Hushahu was assassinated by Zhuhu Gaoqi (朮虎高琪), another general, due to political infighting. Emperor Xuanzong pardoned Zhuhu Gaoqi and appointed him as Left Deputy Marshal (左副元帥).

In the fall of 1213, theMongols, under the leadership ofGenghis Khan, split their forces into three groups toattack the Jin dynasty. They conquered nearly all the prefectures and counties inHebei; only 11 cities, including Zhongdu, Zhending Prefecture (眞定府; around present-dayZhengding County, Hebei Province), Daming Prefecture (大名府; around present-dayDaming County, Hebei Province) did not fall to the Mongols.

In the third month of 1214, the Jin dynasty succeeded in negotiating for peace with the Mongols. However, on 27 June, Emperor Xuanzong left Zhongdu and moved the Jin capital southward to Bianjing (汴京; present-dayKaifeng, the old Song dynasty capital inHenan Province); the court reached Bianjing about two months later. The Mongols were angered, so they waged war against the Jin dynasty again. On 31 May 1215, Zhongdu fell to the Mongols. In the tenth month, the warlordPuxian Wannu rebelled against the Jin dynasty, and declared himself king of theEastern Xia regime inLiaodong. In early 1220, Emperor Xuanzong had Zhuhu Gaoqi executed after Zhuhu Gaoqi's repeated failures to repel the Mongols, and also because Zhuhu Gaoqi eventually planned on rebelling.

Emperor Xuanzong's foreign policy towards the other states was a direct cause of the fall of the Jin dynasty. Firstly, he agreed to submit to Genghis Khan in return for peace between the Mongols and Jin dynasty. Secondly, he severed ties between the Jin dynasty and its ally,Western Xia. Thirdly, he ignored the advice of hischancellor,Tushan Yi (徒單鎰), and other ministers, and moved his capital from Zhongdu to Bianjing. Fourthly, he waged war against theSouthern Song dynasty. These actions resulted in the Jin dynasty having to fight wars on three different fronts. Furthermore, they resulted in domestic instability and rebellions, which contributed even more to the decay of the Jin dynasty.

Emperor Xuanzong died in 1224. He was succeeded by his second son,Wanyan Shouxu (Emperor Aizong). He was posthumously honored with thetemple name "Xuanzong," and was buried in the Deling Mausoleum (德陵) in present-dayKaifeng,Henan Province.

Consort and issue(s):

• Empress Rensheng, of the Wang clan (仁聖皇后王氏), sister of Empress Minghui
• Empress Minghui, of the Wang clan (明惠皇后王氏, d. 1231), sister ofEmpress Rensheng
  • Wanyan Shouxu,Emperor Aizong (金哀宗 完顏守緒, 25 September 1198 – 9 February 1234), 2nd son
• Consort Li, of the Shi clan (麗妃 史氏)
  • Wanyan Xuanling, Prince of Zhi (至王 完顏玄齡), 4rd son
• Consort Zhen, of the Pang clan (真妃 龐氏)
  • Wanyan Shouchun, Prince of Jing (荊王完顏守純), 3rd son
• Unknown
  • Wanyan Shouzhong, Crown Prince Zhuangxian (莊獻太子 完顏守忠, d. 1215), 1st son
  • Princess of the Wen State (溫國公主), 1st daughter

• History of Beijing

• Toqto'a (c. 1345). "Volumes 14–16: Biography of Emperor Xuanzong".History of Jin. China.

• Jin dynasty (1115–1234) emperors
• 13th-century Chinese monarchs
• 1163 births
• 1224 deaths

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