| Emperor Hanazono 花園天皇 | |||||
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| Emperor of Japan | |||||
| Reign | 11 September 1308 – 29 March 1318 | ||||
| Enthronement | 29 November 1308 | ||||
| Predecessor | Go-Nijō | ||||
| Successor | Go-Daigo | ||||
| Shōgun | Prince Morikuni | ||||
| Born | 14 August 1297 | ||||
| Died | 2 December 1348(1348-12-02) (aged 51) Heian-kyō,Ashikaga shogunate | ||||
| Burial | Jirakūu-in no ue no Misasagi (十樂院上陵) (Kyoto) | ||||
| Issue | Seebelow | ||||
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| House | Imperial House of Japan | ||||
| Father | Emperor Fushimi | ||||
| Mother | Tōin Fujiwara [ja] | ||||
| Signature |  | ||||
Emperor Hanazono (花園天皇,Hanazono-tennō; 14 August 1297 – 2 December 1348) was the 95themperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from1308 through 1318.[1]
Before his ascension to theChrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (hisimina) was Tomihito-shinnō (富仁親王).[2]
He was the fourth son of the 92nd Emperor,Fushimi. He belonged to theJimyōin-tō branch of the Imperial Family.
Tomihito-shinnō became emperor upon the death of his second cousin, theDaikakuji-tōEmperor Go-Nijō.
Hanazono's father, the retired-Emperor Fushimi, and Hanazono's brother, the retired-Emperor Go-Fushimi, both exerted influence ascloistered emperors during this reign.
In these years, negotiations between theKamakura Bakufu and the two imperial lines resulted in an agreement to alternate the throne between the two lines every 10 years (the Bumpō Agreement). This agreement was not long-lasting. The negotiated provisions would soon be broken by Hanazono's successor.
In 1318, he abdicated to his second cousin, the Daikakuji-tōEmperor Go-Daigo, who was Nijō's brother.
After his abdication, he raised his nephew, the futureNorthern PretenderEmperor Kōgon.
In 1335, he became aBuddhist monk of theZen sect, and under his sponsorship, his palace became the temple ofMyōshin-ji, now the largest network inRinzai Buddhism. Many places and institutions in the area are named for him, includingHanazono University (the Rinzai university) andHanazono Station.
He died in 1348. Hanazono's imperial tomb is known asJurakuin no ue no misasagi; it is located inHigashiyama-ku, Kyoto.[5]
He excelled atwaka composition, and was an important member of theKyōgoku School. He also left behind a diary, called Hanazono-in-Minki (Imperial Chronicles of the Flower Garden Temple orHanazono-in) (花園院宸記). He was a very religious and literate person, never missing his prayers to theAmitabhaBuddha.
Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful noble men attached to the imperial court of theEmperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Hanazono's reign, this apex of theDaijō-kan included:
The years of Hanazono's reign are more specifically identified by more than oneera name ornengō.[6]
| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by | Emperor of Japan: Hanazono 1308–1318 | Succeeded by |
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| Yamato |
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| Nara |
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| Heian |
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| Kamakura |
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| Northern Court |
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| Muromachi |
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| Azuchi–Momoyama |
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| Edo |
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| Empire of Japan |
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| Japan |
Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are inCE / AD *Imperial Consort andRegentEmpress Jingū is not traditionally listed. | ||||||||
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