Emmanuel Louis Masqueray | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | (1861-09-10)September 10, 1861 Dieppe, France |
| Died | May 26, 1917(1917-05-26) (aged 55) |
| Occupations | Architect, educator |
Emmanuel Louis Masqueray (1861–1917) was aFranco-American preeminent figure in the history ofAmerican architecture, both as a designer of landmark buildings and as an influential teacher of the profession of architecture dedicated to the principles ofBeaux-Arts architecture.
He was born inDieppe, France, on September 10, 1861 to Charles-Emmanuel and Henriette-Marie-Louise Masqueray, née de Lamare. He was educated inRouen and Paris. Having decided to become an architect, he studied at theÉcole des Beaux Arts, Paris, as a pupil ofCharles Laisné andLéon Ginain, and was awarded the Deschaumes Prize by theInstitute of France. He also received the Chandesaigues Prize. While in Paris, he also served on the Commission des Monuments Historiques.[1][2]
Masqueray was a charter member of theSociety of Beaux-Arts Architects, now theVan Alen Institute, theArchitectural League of New York, the New York Chapter of theAmerican Institute of Architects, and the national organization.
He came to the United States in 1887 to work for the firm ofCarrère and Hastings in New York City; bothJohn Mervin Carrère (November 9, 1858 – March 1, 1911) andThomas Hastings (1860–1929) had been fellow students with Masqueray at the École des Beaux Arts. While in their employ, Masqueray created the watercolor elevation of thePonce de Leon Hotel inSt. Augustine, Florida.[3] Other important work on the boards during his time with the firm included theHotel Alcazar, St. Augustine, Florida, 1887, now theLightner Museum,The Commonwealth Club,Richmond, Virginia, 1891, and the Edison Building, New York City, 1891 (razed). Five years later, he joined the office ofRichard Morris Hunt (1827–1895), the first American architect to attend the École des Beaux Arts; in Hunt's firm he helped design many notable buildings including theElbridge Gerry residence inMarblehead, MA, theWilliam Astor house onFifth Avenue in New York City, andOchre Court inNewport, Rhode Island. It is likely that he made major contributions to the design of theMetropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.[4] He also contributed to the design ofThe Breakers forCornelius Vanderbilt II inNewport, Rhode Island.[1]
In 1893, Masqueray opened the Atelier Masqueray for the study of architecture according to French methods; architectWalter B. Chambers shared in this enterprise. Located at 123 E. 23rd Street, this was the first wholly independentatelier opened in the United States. A colorful, dynamic teacher, Masqueray pleaded with his students to make things simple.[5] Beginning in 1899, Masqueray made special provision for women to number among his architectural students by establishing a second atelier especially for women at 37–40 West 22nd Street in New York. As was said at the time, "...he has unbounded faith in women's ability to succeed in architecture...provided they go about it seriously."[6]
Masqueray died inSt. Paul, Minnesota, on May 26, 1917,[1] and was buried inCalvary Cemetery in St. Paul.[7]
According to contemporary published accounts of his exhibitions, his notable students included:
In 1897, Masqueray left the Hunt office to work forWarren & Wetmore, also in New York City,Whitney Warren having been his fellow student at the École des Beaux Arts, Paris.[8] Work underway while Masqueray was with the firm includes: New York Yacht Club (1898), Westmorly, Harvard, MA (1898),High Tide (William Starr Miller house), 79 Ocean Avenue, Newport, Rhode Island,(1900), The Racquet House atTuxedo Club,Tuxedo Park, NY, (1890-1900), and the Mrs. Orme Wilson residence (now the India Consulate), 3 East 64th St., New York (1900–03). He was responsible for the design of theLong Island College Hospital in Brooklyn.
His reputation became international in 1901 when the commissioner of architects of theSt. Louis Exposition selected him to be Chief of Design. Masqueray in turn employedLouis C. Spiering (a fellow alumnus of the École des Beaux-Arts) and some of his former students including Frank Swales and George Nagle. As Chief of Design of theLouisiana Purchase Exposition, a position he held for three years, Masqueray had architectural oversight of the entire Fair and personally designed the following Fair buildings:
Design ideas from all of these were widely emulated in civic projects across the United States as part of theCity Beautiful Movement. Masqueray resigned shortly after the fair opened in 1904, having been invited by ArchbishopJohn Ireland of St. Paul to come to Minnesota and design the newCathedral of Saint Paul in Saint Paul for the city.[1][failed verification]
Masqueray arrived in St. Paul in 1905 and remained there until his death. He designed about two dozen parish churches for Catholic and Protestant congregations in the upper Midwest, including:
Masqueray designed several small churches in what is now theDiocese of New Ulm.
Masqueray also designed important residences in and around St. Paul (one of which, a 1915 home at 427 Portland Avenue, has been owned by radio personalityGarrison Keillor) and "Wind's Eye" in Dellwood MN; several parochial schools for the Catholic Archdiocese of St. Paul; Ireland Hall (1912) at the College of Thomas (now University of St. Thomas).
In St. Paul in 1906, Masqueray founded an atelier which continued his Beaux Arts method of architectural training, among his students who trained there, perhaps the best known isEdwin Lundie (1886–1972).[11] Other architects associated with Masqueray in St. Paul wereFred Slifer andFrank Abrahamson.
In theArchdiocese of Dubuque inIowa:
Masqueray designed three more cathedrals, of which two were built:
He also designed the planned new city ofTwin Falls, Idaho.[17]
Emmanuel Louis Mnsqueray chief of design of the St Louis ... of a number of American cathedrals died here today aged 56. Mr. Masqueray was ...
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Artists | |
| People | |
| Other | |
