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Emberiza

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Genus of birds

For New World buntings, seePasserina. For other birds called bunting, seeBunting.

Emberiza

Cirl bunting (Emberiza cirlus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Superfamily:	Emberizoidea
Family:	Emberizidae Vigors, 1831
Genus:	Emberiza Linnaeus,1758
Type species
Emberiza citrinella
Species
44, seetext
Synonyms
OnychospinaBonaparte, 1853 OnychospizaRey, 1872 (incorrect subsequent spelling)

Thebuntings are a group ofOld World passerine birds forming thegenusEmberiza, the only genus in thefamilyEmberizidae. The family contains 44 species. They areseed-eating birds with stubby, conical bills.

Taxonomy

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The family Emberizidae was formerly much larger and included the species now placed in thePasserellidae (New World sparrows) andCalcariidae (longspurs and snow buntings). Molecular phylogenetic studies found that the large family consisted of distinct clades that were better treated as separate families.^[1]^[2]

ThegenusEmberiza is now the only genus placed in the family Emberizidae.^[3] The genus was introduced by the Swedish naturalistCarl Linnaeus in 1758 in thetenth edition of hisSystema Naturae.^[4] Thetype species was subsequently designated as theyellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella).^[5] The genus nameEmberiza is fromOld GermanEmbritz, a bunting.^[6] The origin of the English "bunting" is unknown.^[7]

A 2008 genetic study found that three emberizid species that were placed in their ownmonotypic genera clustered within theEmberiza. These were thecrested bunting (Melophus lathami), theslaty bunting (Latouchiornis siemsseni), and thecorn bunting (Miliaria calandra).^[8] All three species are now included in the genusEmberiza.^[3]

A large DNA-based study of the passerines published in 2019 found that the buntings are most closely related to the longspurs and snow buntings in the familyCalcariidae.^[9]

OrnithologistsEdward Dickinson andLeslie Christidis in the fourth edition of theHoward and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World chose to split upEmberiza and recognise the generaFringillaria,Melophus,Granativora,Emberiza, andSchoeniclus.^[10] Their example has not been followed by the online version of theHandbook of the Birds of the World^[11] nor byFrank Gill and David Donsker in the list of world birds that they maintain on behalf of theInternational Ornithologists' Union.^[3] TheBritish Ornithologists' Union has argued that splitting the genus provides little benefit and destabilizes the nomenclature.^[12]

Species in theNew World genusPasserina include the word "bunting" in their common names, but are now classed in the familyCardinalidae.^[13]

The family is divided into four major clades. The species in Clade I are mainly African while those in Clades II to IV are Palearctic:^[14]

Emberizidae

Clade I

Cabanis's bunting –Emberiza cabanisi

	Golden-breasted bunting –Emberiza flaviventris

	Somali bunting –Emberiza poliopleura

Cape bunting –Emberiza capensis

Lark-like bunting –Emberiza impetuani

Socotra bunting –Emberiza socotrana

	Gosling's bunting –Emberiza goslingi

	Cinnamon-breasted bunting –Emberiza tahapisi

	House bunting –Emberiza sahari

	Striolated bunting –Emberiza striolata

Clade II

	Yellow-throated bunting –Emberiza elegans

	Slaty bunting –Emberiza siemsseni

Ochre-rumped bunting –Emberiza yessoensis

	Pallas's reed bunting –Emberiza pallasi

	Common reed bunting –Emberiza schoeniclus

Yellow-browed bunting –Emberiza chrysophrys

	Tristram's bunting –Emberiza tristrami

	Grey bunting –Emberiza variabilis

	Yellow-breasted bunting –Emberiza aureola

	Chestnut bunting –Emberiza rutila

	Little bunting –Emberiza pusilla

	Rustic bunting –Emberiza rustica

	Black-faced bunting –Emberiza spodocephala

	Yellow bunting –Emberiza sulphurata

Clade III

Crested bunting –Emberiza lathami

	Red-headed bunting –Emberiza bruniceps

	Black-headed bunting –Emberiza melanocephala

Clade IV

Corn bunting –Emberiza calandra

Chestnut-eared bunting –Emberiza fucata

Tibetan bunting –Emberiza koslowi

Jankowski's bunting –Emberiza jankowskii

Meadow bunting –Emberiza cioides

	Rock bunting –Emberiza cia

	Godlewski's bunting –Emberiza godlewskii

Grey-necked bunting –Emberiza buchanani

Cinereous bunting –Emberiza cineracea

	Cretzschmar's bunting –Emberiza caesia

	Ortolan bunting –Emberiza hortulana

Cirl bunting –Emberiza cirlus

White-capped bunting –Emberiza stewarti

	Yellowhammer –Emberiza citrinella

	Pine bunting –Emberiza leucocephalos

The abovecladogram is based on a study published in 2021. The phylogenetic relationships of two African species, thebrown-rumped bunting (Emberiza affinis) andVincent's bunting (Emberiza vincenti), were not determined.^[14]

List of species

[edit]

The genus contains 44 species.^[3]

Common Name	Scientific name	Distribution
Crested bunting	Emberiza lathami	Southeast Asia.
Slaty bunting	Emberiza siemsseni	China.
Corn bunting	Emberiza calandra	Western Europe and North Africa across to northwestern China.
Yellowhammer	Emberiza citrinella	southeast England and most of Europe east to the northwestern corner of Russia and western Ukraine.
Pine bunting	Emberiza leucocephalos	Asia
Rock bunting	Emberiza cia	northwest Africa, southern Europe east to central Asia, and the Himalayas
Godlewski's bunting	Emberiza godlewskii	China, Pakistan, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Myanmar, and Russia.
Meadow bunting	Emberiza cioides	southern Siberia, northern and eastern China, eastern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Korea and Japan.
White-capped bunting	Emberiza stewarti	Afghanistan, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
Jankowski's bunting	Emberiza jankowskii	Russian Far East, Manchuria and far northeastern Korea
Grey-necked bunting	Emberiza buchanani	Caspian Sea to the Altai Mountains in Central Asia
Cinereous bunting	Emberiza cineracea	southern Turkey and southern Iran
Ortolan bunting	Emberiza hortulana	European countries and western Asia
Cretzschmar's bunting	Emberiza caesia	Greece, Turkey, Cyprus and the Levant.
Cirl bunting	Emberiza cirlus	southern Europe, on the Mediterranean islands and in north Africa
Striolated bunting	Emberiza striolata	Chad, east through south-west Asia to north-western India, Africa
House bunting	Emberiza sahari	northwestern Africa from Morocco south to Mali and east to Chad.
Lark-like bunting	Emberiza impetuani	Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
Cinnamon-breasted bunting	Emberiza tahapisi	mainland sub-Saharan Africa
Gosling's bunting	Emberiza goslingi	Mauritania and Senegal to south-western Sudan and north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
Socotra bunting	Emberiza socotrana	Yemen
Cape bunting	Emberiza capensis	southern Africa from south-western Angola, eastern Zambia, Zimbabwe and southern Tanzania to the Cape.
Tristram's bunting	Emberiza tristrami	eastern Manchuria and the Russian Far East and winters in central and southern China.
Chestnut-eared bunting	Emberiza fucata	the Himalayas locally across China to south-eastern Siberia, Korea and northern Japan
Little bunting	Emberiza pusilla	north-east of Europe and northern Eurosiberia to the Russian Far East and northern India, southern China and the northern parts of south-east Asia.
Yellow-browed bunting	Emberiza chrysophrys	eastern Siberia, China
Rustic bunting	Emberiza rustica	south-east Asia, Japan, Korea, and eastern China.
Yellow-throated bunting	Emberiza elegans	China, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Russia, and Taiwan.
Yellow-breasted bunting	Emberiza aureola	Finland to Bering Sea migrating to Indochina
Somali bunting	Emberiza poliopleura	Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda
Golden-breasted bunting	Emberiza flaviventris	Africa south of the Sahara
Brown-rumped bunting	Emberiza affinis	Senegal to Sudan and Uganda
Cabanis's bunting	Emberiza cabanisi	sub-Saharan Africa
Chestnut bunting	Emberiza rutila	Siberia, northern Mongolia and north-eastern China.
Tibetan bunting	Emberiza koslowi	Tibet
Black-headed bunting	Emberiza melanocephala	Japan, China, Hong Kong, Thailand, Laos, South Korea and Malaysia
Red-headed bunting	Emberiza bruniceps	Asia-Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia; Russian Federation (European Russia, Central Asian Russia), Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
Yellow bunting	Emberiza sulphurata	Japan
Black-faced bunting	Emberiza spodocephala	southern Siberia across to northern China.
Masked bunting	Emberiza personata	Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, and Japan.
Grey bunting	Emberiza variabilis	Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and northern Japan
Pallas's reed bunting	Emberiza pallasi	northeast European Russia, north Kamchatka
Ochre-rumped bunting	Emberiza yessoensis	eastern Mongolia, northeast China and Ussuriland
Common reed bunting	Emberiza schoeniclus	Europe

Extinct species have been described:^[15]

†Long-legged bunting (Emberiza alcoveri) (Late Quaternary)
†Emberiza shaamarica (Late Pliocene of Central Asia)^[16]
†Emberiza polgardiensis (Upper Miocene of Hungary)
†Emberiza media (Pliocene of Hungary)
†Emberiza parva (Pliocene of Hungary)
†Emberiza gaspariskii (Pliocene of Hungary)
†Emberiza bartoki (Middle Miocene of Hungary) (Nomen dubium)^[16]

Emberiza pannonica from the upper Miocene of Hungary is also referred to this genus, but was later found to be a member ofMuscicapidae.^[16]

References

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^Barker, F.K.; Burns, K.J.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2013)."Going to extremes: contrasting rates of diversification in a recent radiation of New World passerine birds".Systematic Biology.62 (2):298–320.doi:10.1093/sysbio/sys094.PMID 23229025.
^Barker, F.K.; Burns, K.J.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2015)."New insights into New World biogeography: An integrated view from the phylogeny of blackbirds, cardinals, sparrows, tanagers, warblers, and allies".Auk.132 (2):333–346.doi:10.1642/AUK-14-110.1.
^^a ^b ^c ^dGill, Frank; Donsker, David;Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2021)."Sylviid babblers, parrotbills, white-eyes".IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved22 May 2022.
^Linnaeus, Carl (1758).Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 176.
^Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970).Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 5.
^Jobling, James A. (2010).The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. p. 145.ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^"Bunting".Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.).Oxford University Press. (Subscription orparticipating institution membership required.)
^Alström, P.; Olsson, U.; Lei, F.; Wang, H.; Gao, W.; Sundberg, P. (2008). "Phylogeny and classification of the Old World Emberizini (Aves, Passeriformes)".Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.47 (3):960–973.Bibcode:2008MolPE..47..960A.doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.12.007.PMID 18411062.
^Oliveros, C.H.; et al. (2019)."Earth history and the passerine superradiation".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.116 (16):7916–7925.Bibcode:2019PNAS..116.7916O.doi:10.1073/pnas.1813206116.PMC 6475423.PMID 30936315.
^Dickinson, E.C.;Christidis, L., eds. (2014).The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. pp. 353–357.ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2.
^del Hoyo, Joseph (ed.)."Taxonomic structure and notes: Emberizidae".Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved25 June 2019.
^Sangster, G.; et al. (2016). "Taxonomic recommendations for Western Palearctic birds: 11th report".Ibis.158 (1):206–212.doi:10.1111/ibi.12322.
^Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019)."Cardinals, grosbeaks and (tanager) allies".World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved24 June 2019.
^^a ^bCai, T.; Wu, G.; Sun, L.; Zhang, Y.; Peng, Z.; Guo, Y.; Liu, X.; Pan, T.; Chang, J.; Sun, Z.; Zhang, B. (2021). "Biogeography and diversification of Old World buntings (Aves: Emberizidae): radiation in open habitats".Journal of Avian Biology.52 (6).doi:10.1111/jav.02672.S2CID 236608560.
^Rando, J. C.; Lopez, M.; Segui, B. (1999)."A new species of extinct flightless passerine"(PDF).The Condor.101 (1):1–13.doi:10.2307/1370440.JSTOR 1370440.
^^a ^b ^cPalastrova, E.S; Zelenkov, N. (2020)."A Fossil Bunting Emberiza shaamarica (Aves, Emberizidae) from the Upper Pliocene of Central Asia".Paleontological Journal.54 (6):96–104.Bibcode:2020PalJ...54..652P.doi:10.1134/S0031030120060076.S2CID 227133794.

External links

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Wikisource has the text of the1911Encyclopædia Britannica article "Bunting (bird)".

Bunting videos, photos and sounds on the Internet Bird Collection
"Bunting" .The American Cyclopædia. 1879.

Genera offinches, sparrows and tanagers

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Suborder:Passeri
Infraorder:Passerida
Superfamily:Passeroidea

Passeroidea

Estrildidae

Amandavinae	Amadina Amandava Ortygospiza
Erythrurinae	Chloebia Erythrura
Estrildinae	Brunhilda Coccopygia Cryptospiza Delacourella Estrilda Glaucestrilda Mandingoa Nesocharis Nigrita Parmoptila
Lagonostictinae	Clytospiza Euschistospiza Granatina Hypargos Lagonosticta Pyrenestes Pytilia Spermophaga Uraeginthus
Lonchurinae	Euodice Lepidopygia Lonchura Mayrimunia Padda Spermestes
Poephilinae	Aidemosyne Bathilda Emblema Heteromunia Neochmia Oreostruthus Poephila Stagonopleura Stizoptera Taeniopygia

Passeridae

Ploceidae

Prunellidae

Prunella

Urocynchramidae

Urocynchramus

Viduidae

Anomalospiza
Vidua

Nine-primaried oscines

- See below ↓

Nine-primaried oscines

Fringillidae

Carduelinae	Acanthis Agraphospiza †Aidemedia †Akialoa Bucanetes Callacanthis Carduelis Carpodacus †Chloridops Chloris Chlorodrepanis Chrysocorythus †Ciridops Coccothraustes Crithagra Drepanis †Dysmorodrepanis Eophona Haemorhous Hemignathus Hesperiphona Himatione Leucosticte Linaria Linurgus Loxia Loxioides Loxops Magumma †Melamprosops Mycerobas Oreomystis †Orthiospiza Palmeria Paroreomyza Pinicola Procarduelis Pseudonestor †Psittirostra Pyrrhula Pyrrhoplectes †Rhodacanthis Rhodopechys Rhodospiza Rhynchostruthus Serinus Spinus Telespiza †Vangulifer †Viridonia †Xestospiza
Euphoniinae	Chlorophonia Euphonia
Fringillinae	Fringilla

Motacillidae

Peucedramidae

Peucedramus

Emberizoidea

- See below ↓

Emberizoidea

Calcariidae	Calcarius Plectrophenax Rhynchophanes
Calyptophilidae	Calyptophilus
Cardinalidae	Amaurospiza Cardinalis Caryothraustes Chlorothraupis Cyanocompsa Cyanoloxia Granatellus Habia Passerina Periporphyrus Pheucticus Piranga Spiza
Emberizidae	Emberiza
Icteridae	See below ↓
Icteriidae	Icteria
Mitrospingidae	Lamprospiza Mitrospingus Orthogonys
Nesospingidae	Nesospingus
Parulidae	Basileuterus Cardellina Catharopeza Geothlypis Helmitheros Leucopeza Leiothlypis Limnothlypis Mniotilta Myioborus Myiothlypis Oporornis Oreothlypis Parkesia Protonotaria Seiurus Setophaga Vermivora
Passerellidae	Aimophila Ammodramus Ammospiza Amphispiza Amphispizopsis Arremon Arremonops Artemisiospiza Atlapetes Calamospiza Centronyx Chlorospingus Chondestes Junco Melospiza Melozone Oreothraupis Oriturus Passerculus Passerella †Pedinorhis Peucaea Pezopetes Pipilo Pooecetes Rhynchospiza Spizella Spizelloides Torreornis Xenospiza Zonotrichia
Phaenicophilidae	Microligea Phaenicophilus Xenoligea
Rhodinocichlidae	Rhodinocichla
Spindalidae	Spindalis
Teretistridae	Teretistris
Thraupidae	See below ↓

Icteridae

incertae sedis	†Cremaster †Pandanaris †Pyelorhamphus
Agelaiinae	Agelaioides Agelaius Agelasticus Amblyramphus Anumara Chrysomus Curaeus Dives Euphagus Gnorimopsar Gymnomystax Hypopyrrhus Lampropsar Macroagelaius Molothrus Nesopsar Oreopsar Pseudoleistes Ptiloxena Quiscalus Xanthopsar
Amblycercinae	Amblycercus
Cassicinae	Cacicus Cassiculus Psarocolius
Dolichonychinae	Dolichonyx
Icterinae	Icterus
Sturnellinae	Leistes Sturnella
Xanthocephalinae	Xanthocephalus

Thraupidae

Catamblyrhynchinae	Catamblyrhynchus
Charitospizinae	Charitospiza Parkerthraustes
Coerebinae	Asemospiza Camarhynchus Certhidea Coereba Euneornis Geospiza Loxigilla Loxipasser Melanospiza Melopyrrha Phonipara Pinaroloxias Platyspiza Tiaris
Dacninae	Cyanerpes Dacnis Tersina
Diglossinae	Acanthidops Catamenia Conirostrum Diglossa Geospizopsis Haplospiza Idiopsar Melanodera Nesospiza Phrygilus Rowettia Sicalis Xenodacnis
Emberizoidinae	Coryphaspiza Emberizoides Embernagra
Hemithraupinae	Chrysothlypis Chlorophanes Hemithraupis Heterospingus Iridophanes
Nemosiinae	Compsothraupis Cyanicterus Nemosia Sericossypha
Orchesticinae	Orchesticus
Poospizinae	Castanozoster Cnemoscopus Cypsnagra Donacospiza Kleinothraupis Microspingus Nephelornis Piezorina Poospiza Poospizopsis Pseudospingus Sphenopsis Thlypopsis Urothraupis Xenospingus
Porphyrospizinae	Incaspiza Rhopospina
Saltatorinae	Saltator Saltatricula
Sporophilinae	Sporophila
Tachyphoninae	Conothraupis Coryphospingus Creurgops Eucometis Heliothraupis Lanio Loriotus Ramphocelus Rhodospingus Tachyphonus Trichothraupis Volatinia
Thraupinae	Anisognathus Bangsia Buthraupis Calochaetes Chalcothraupis Chlorochrysa Chlorornis Cissopis Cnemathraupis Diuca Dubusia Iridosornis Ixothraupis Lophospingus Neothraupis Paroaria Pipraeidea Poecilostreptus Pseudosaltator Rauenia Schistochlamys Sporathraupis Stephanophorus Stilpnia Tangara Tephrophilus Thraupis Wetmorethraupis