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Elrond

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Fictional elf from Tolkien's legendarium

Fictional character
Elrond
Tolkien character
In-universe information
RaceHalf-elven, choosing the fate ofElves
Book(s)The Hobbit (1937)
The Fellowship of the Ring (1954)
The Return of the King (1955)
The Silmarillion (1977)
Unfinished Tales (1980)

Elrond Half-elven is a fictional character inJ. R. R. Tolkien'sMiddle-earthlegendarium. Both of his parents,Eärendil and Elwing, werehalf-elven, having bothMen andElves as ancestors. He is the bearer of the elven-ringVilya, the Ring of Air, and master ofRivendell, where he has lived for thousands of years through theSecond and Third Ages of Middle-earth. He was the Elf-kingGil-galad's herald at the end of the Second Age, sawGil-galad and kingElendil fight the dark lordSauron for theOne Ring, and saw Elendil's sonIsildur take it rather than destroy it.

He is introduced inThe Hobbit, where he plays a supporting role, as he does inThe Lord of the Rings andThe Silmarillion. Scholars have commented on Elrond's archaic style of speech, noting that this uses genuinely archaic grammar, not just a sprinkling of old words. The effect is to make his speech distinctive, befitting his age and status, while remaining clear, and avoiding quaintness.[1][2] He has been called a guide or wisdom figure, a wise person able to provide useful counsel to the protagonists.[3] It has been noted that just as Elrond prevented his daughterArwen from marrying until conditions were met, so Tolkien's guardian, FatherFrancis Xavier Morgan, prevented Tolkien from becoming engaged or marrying until he came of age.[4]

Fictional biography

[edit]

First Age

[edit]

Elrond was born in theFirst Age at the refuge of theMouths of Sirion inBeleriand, the son of thehalf-elven marinerEärendil and Elwing his wife, and a great-grandson ofBeren and Lúthien. Not long afterwards, the havens were destroyed by thesons of Fëanor, who captured Elrond and his brother Elros. Their parents feared that they would be killed; instead, they were befriended by Fëanor's sonsMaedhros and Maglor.[T 1] Like his parents but unlike his brother, Elrond chose to be counted among theElves when the choice of kindreds was given to him. When Beleriand was destroyed at the end of the First Age, Elrond went to Lindon with the household ofGil-galad, the last High King of theNoldor.[T 1]

Second Age

[edit]

During the War of the Elves and the dark lordSauron in theSecond Age, the king Gil-galad sent Elrond to the defence ofEregion against the Dark Lord. Sauron destroyed Eregion and surrounded Elrond's army, but the dwarf-kingDurin and the elf-king of Lórien, Amroth, attacked Sauron's rearguard. Sauron turned to fight them, and drove them back toMoria. Elrond was able to retreat north to a secluded valley, where he established the refuge ofImladris, later called Rivendell; he lived there through the Second and Third Ages.[T 2][T 3]

Near the end of the Second Age, theLast Alliance of Elves and Men was formed, and the army departed from Imladris toMordor, led byElendil and Gil-galad. Sauron killed both of them at the end of the siege ofBarad-dûr. Elrond saw Elendil's sonIsildur destroy Sauron's physical body and take theOne Ring for himself; Elrond andCirdan urged Isildur to destroy it, but he refused. Elrond served as Gil-galad's herald, and he andCírdan were entrusted with the two Elven Rings that Gil-galad held. Elrond and Círdan were the only ones to stand with Gil-galad when he fell.[T 3]

Third Age

[edit]

Elrond married Celebrían, daughter of Celeborn andGaladriel, early in theThird Age.[T 4] The place and date of Celebrían's birth are not specified.[T 5] In the version of their history that describes Galadriel and Celeborn as rulers of Eregion in theSecond Age, Galadriel and Celebrían left Eregion forLórinand asSauron's influence over Eregion grew.[T 6] According to one account, Celebrían and her parents later lived for many years in Rivendell (Imladris).[T 7] Celebrían and Elrond had three children: the twins Elladan and Elrohir,[T 4] and Arwen Undómiel (Evenstar).[T 4]

On a trip from Rivendell to Lórien, Celebrían was waylaid byOrcs in the Redhorn Pass onCaradhras in theMisty Mountains.[T 4] She was captured and tormented and received a poisoned wound. She was rescued by her sons and healed by Elrond, but "after fear and torment"[T 8] she could no longer find joy inMiddle-earth, so she passed to the Grey Havens and over the Sea toValinor in the following year.[T 4]

Elrond was an ally of the North-Kingdom of Arnor. Following its fall, Elrond harboured theChieftains of the Dúnedain (the descendants of the Kings of Arnor) and the Sceptre of Annúminas, Arnor's symbol of royal authority. WhenAragorn's father Arathorn was killed a few years after Aragorn's birth, Elrond raised Aragorn in his own household and became a surrogate father to him. Aware of his daughterArwen's feelings for Aragorn, Elrond would permit their marriage only if Aragorn could unite Arnor andGondor as High King.[T 9]

InThe Hobbit, Elrond gave shelter toThorin Oakenshield and hiscompany during theirquest to retakeErebor from theDragonSmaug. Elrond befriended theHobbitBilbo Baggins, the company's "burglar", and received him as a permanent guest some 60 years later.[T 10]

Now at this last we must take a hard road, a road unforeseen. There lies our hope, if hope it be. To walk into peril--to Mordor. We must send the Ring to the Fire. – Elrond

J. R. R. Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring

Elrond headed theCouncil of Elrond, at which it was decided that theOne Ring should be destroyed where it was forged, inMount Doom in Mordor. He agreed thatFrodo Baggins, Bilbo's nephew and heir, should bear the Ring during the journey, aided by eight others, reasoning thata company of nine in the service of Middle-earth would counteract the nineNazgûl, Sauron's most fearsome servants, who sought to help their master conquer it.[T 11]

When Arwen chose mortality in order to be with Aragorn, Elrond reluctantly accepted her decision as the greater good, as she would help to renew the declining lineage of theDúnedain.[T 9] When the Grey Company found Aragorn and theRohirrim during their journey to Gondor, Elrond's son Elrohir told Aragorn, "I bring word to you from my father: The days are short. If thou art in haste, remember thePaths of the Dead." Aragorn took Elrond's advice, using the Paths of the Dead to reach Gondor in time to come to its aid.[T 12]

Elrond remained in Rivendell until the destruction of both the Ring and Sauron in theWar of the Ring. He then travelled toMinas Tirith for the marriage of Arwen and Aragorn, now King of the Reunited Kingdom of Arnor and Gondor. Three years later, at the approximate age of 6,520, Elrond left Middle-earth to go overthe Sea with Gandalf, Galadriel, Frodo, and Bilbo,never to return. Tolkien said that "after the destruction of theRuling Ring theThree Rings of the Eldar lost their virtue. Then Elrond prepared at last to depart from Middle-earth and follow Celebrían."[T 13] Elrond and Celebrían were thus finally reunited, but separated forever from their daughter Arwen.[5]

Analysis

[edit]

Role and responsibility

[edit]

The Tolkien scholarRichard C. West writes that there is a familiartrope in stories for a harsh, disapproving father to set difficult and possibly fatal obstacles in the path of his daughter's unwelcome suitors. He gives as example KingThingol's demand that the heroBeren must bring aSilmaril from the iron crown of the Dark LordMorgoth. But, he writes, Elrond is a caring father with no trace of cruelty. The demand that Arwen "shall not be the bride of any Man less than the King of both Gondor and Arnor" is in his view just "giving his foster son incentive to achieve what it is his hereditary duty to attempt anyway", as well as doing the best for his daughter: "Elrond loves them both".[6]

Thehumanities scholarBrian Rosebury writes that Tolkien contrasts Elrond's paternal love for Arwen with the distant, painful relationship ofDenethor, the despairing and ultimately suicidalSteward of Gondor, and his sonFaramir. He notes that this was a major theme inTolkien's legendarium, with father-son pairs likeHúrin andTúrin, or the Dark Elf Eöl betrayed by his power-hungry son, Maeglin. Rosebury comments that Elrond's forbidding Arwen to marry has an analogue with Tolkien's own youth, when his guardianFather Francis Morgan took responsibility for Tolkien's moral wellbeing after his motherMabel's death, blocking his relationship withEdith Bratt, whom he eventually married.[4][a]

Charles W. Nelson, writing inJournal of the Fantastic in the Arts, describes Elrond as a guide or wisdom figure, a wise person able to provide useful counsel to the protagonists. He is seen inThe Hobbit as one with knowledge of the ancient runes and the ability to read moon letters, as well as giving advice on the best route. InThe Lord of the Rings, he is seen to have extensive knowledge of the history of Middle-earth, including of the One Ring, and provides wise assistance on planning the necessary action to destroy the Ring. That said, he also shows that he knows the limits of his knowledge, as the capabilities of Hobbits, in his words "the Shire-folk", are outside his experience. Such, Nelson concludes, is the function of a guide, and Elrond fulfils it "admirably" and to the best of his ability, just as in their different ways do Aragorn, Galadriel,Faramir, andTom Bombadil.[3]

Christine Larsen, in theJournal of Tolkien Research, analysed why Tolkien wrote "Master" Elrond, only once calling him "Lord of Rivendell" and never writing "Lord Elrond", in contrast for instance to "Lady Galadriel", "LordCeleborn", and "the Elven-king Gil-galad". She notes that Elrond is certainly important, being "the thread that ties together all three of the great tales of the legendarium:Beren and Lúthien,The Fall of Gondolin, andThe Children of Húrin." She notes too that the usage was clearly intentional, and that Tolkien was "excruciating[ly]" careful on such matters. She notes that he calledTom Bombadil "Master of wood, water, and hill", but denied that the term implied ownership. Further, "master" is used as a term of respect, as byBarliman Butterbur to the hobbits in Bree. Finally, she writes, mastery implies the skill of an authority or revered artist: theDwarves are described as "masters of stone", as theRohirrim are "masters of horses" and the WizardRadagast is a "master of shapes and changes of hue". Applied to Elrond, he is a "master of healing", but more centrally he is the "greatest of lore-masters", a master of ancient wisdom and knowledge. She notes that among the Elves, the lore-masters were the Noldor: indeed that was the meaning of their name.[8]

Style of speech

[edit]

'Alas, no', said Elrond. 'We cannot use the Ruling Ring. That we now know toowell. It belongs to Sauron and was made by him alone, and is altogether evil. Itsstrength, Boromir, is too great for anyone to wield at will, save only those who havealready a great power of their own. But for them it holds an even deadlier peril. Thevery desire of it corrupts the heart. Consider Saruman. If any of the Wise shouldwield this Ring to overthrow the Lord of Mordor, using his own arts, he would sethimself on Sauron's throne, and yet another Dark Lord would appear. And that isanother reason why the Ring should be destroyed: as long as it is in the world it willbe a danger even to the Wise. For nothing is evil in the beginning. Even Sauron wasnot so. I fear to take the Ring to hide it. I will not take the Ring to wield it.' – Elrond

J. R. R. Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring
Further information:Council of Elrond

Thomas Kullmann, in theNordic Journal of English Studies, describes Elrond's language as "archaic and stilted", marked out by formal speeches with the tripartite structure ofrhetoric: "proposition, argumentation, and conclusion". Elrond, he writes, uses archaic conjunctions like "save" (meaning "except"), and literary phrases like "to wield at will", along with old-fashioned inversions of word order, like "That we now know too well". He notes however that Elrond uses simple short sentences, like "We cannot use the Ruling Ring."[1]

The Tolkien scholarTom Shippey writes that Tolkien, professionally interested in words and language, reveals character through styles of speech. Elrond is seen to use an archaic but clear style in the Council of Elrond. Shippey states that his use of grammatical inversions is now rare, but still colloquial, as in common phrases like "Down came the rain. Up went the umbrellas." He writes that the old rule was thatthe verb had to come second in the sentence, so if something other than a noun phrase began a sentence, then the noun had to go after the verb. In this way, Shippey writes, Tolkien gives Elrond a consistently archaic style, using not just old words "(the first resort of the amateur medievalist)" but more importantly through grammar. The effect is to make his speech distinctive, suiting his immense age, while remaining clear, and never merely quaint. Importantly, his way of speaking links him with Isildur, who becomes a key figure later in the chapter.[2]

Adaptations

[edit]
Elrond inRalph Bakshi's animated version ofThe Lord of the Rings

Cyril Ritchard voiced Elrond in the 1977Rankin/Bass animated film adaptation ofThe Hobbit.[9] InRalph Bakshi's1978 animated adaptation ofThe Lord of the Rings, Elrond was voiced byAndré Morell.[10] When Rankin/Bass attempted to finish the story (left incomplete by Bakshi and his financial backers) withThe Return of the King in 1980, actorPaul Frees voiced Elrond, Ritchard having died shortly after voicing the character in the previous film.[11]

Carl Hague portrayed Elrond inNational Public Radio's 1979 radio production ofThe Lord of the Rings. Hugh Dickson portrayed Elrond inBBC Radio's 1981 serialisation ofThe Lord of the Rings.[12] In the 1993 Finnish televisionminiseriesHobitit, Elrond is played byLeif Wager. In the 2006 Torontomusical adaptation ofThe Lord of the Rings, Elrond was portrayed by Victor A. Young.[13]

Hugo Weaving as Elrond inPeter Jackson'sThe Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring

InThe Lord of the Rings film trilogy andThe Hobbit trilogy directed byPeter Jackson, Elrond is portrayed byHugo Weaving.[14] InThe Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Elrond holds Men in lesser regard after witnessingIsildur's failure to destroy the One Ring. Unlike in the book, he is skeptical of Aragorn both in terms of his ability to lead the Men of the West and the courtship of his daughter. As shown in the flashback scene inThe Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, he forces Aragorn to end his engagement to Arwen so that she can leave to the Undying Lands, although she eventually makes the decision to stay with Aragorn in Middle-Earth. Later, he sends a "surprisingly well-drilled army"[15] to theBattle of Helm's Deep, an act the Tolkien scholarTom Shippey writes was made to fit a 21st century view of political and military expectations.[15]

In the 2022 television seriesThe Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power, a younger Elrond is played byRobert Aramayo.[16]

Weaving reprised his role as both Elrond and the narrator in video gamesThe Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II (2006)[17] andThe Lord of the Rings: Conquest (2009).[18]

In the 2002video game adaptation ofThe Fellowship of the Ring, Elrond is voiced byJim Piddock, who later reprised the role forThe Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest (2010) andThe Lord of the Rings: War in the North (2011). Elrond is one of the major characters inThe Lord of the Rings Online (2007).[19]

Genealogy

[edit]
Half-elven family tree[T 14][T 15]
Melian
theMaia		Thingol
of the Teleri		House
of Bëor		House
of Haleth		House
of Hador		Finwë
of the Noldor		Indis
of the Vanyar		Olwë
of the Teleri
BarahirBelegundHarethGaldorFingolfinFinarfinEärwen
LúthienBerenRíanHuorHúrinTurgonElenwë
DiorNimlothTuorIdril
ElurédElurínElwingEärendilCelebornGaladriel
ElrosElrondCelebrían
22 Kings
ofNúmenor and
Lords of Andúnië
Elendil
IsildurAnárion
22 Kings
ofArnor
and Arthedain		27 Kings
ofGondor
ArveduiFíriel
15Dúnedain
Chieftains
AragornArwenElladanElrohir
Eldariondaughters
Colour key:
ColourDescription
 Elves
 Men
 Maiar
 Half-elven
 Half-elven who chose the fate of Elves
 Half-elven who chose the fate of mortal Men

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Tolkien's engagement to Edith was delayed four years until he was 21.[7]

References

[edit]

Primary

[edit]
  1. ^abTolkien 1977, ch. 24 "Of the Voyage of Eärendil and the War of Wrath"
  2. ^Tolkien 1955, Appendix B, "The Tale of Years", "The Second Age"
  3. ^abTolkien 1977, "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age"
  4. ^abcdeTolkien 1955, Appendix B "The Tale of Years", "The Third Age"
  5. ^Tolkien 1980, p. 234
  6. ^Tolkien 1980, p. 237.
  7. ^Tolkien 1980, p. 240.
  8. ^Tolkien 1996, pp. 235–236
  9. ^abTolkien 1955, Appendix A, 1, v,The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen
  10. ^Tolkien 1937, ch. 3 "A Short Rest"
  11. ^Tolkien 1954a, book 2, ch. 2 "The Council of Elrond"
  12. ^Tolkien 1955, book 5, ch. 2The Passing of the Grey Company
  13. ^Tolkien 1996, p. 243.
  14. ^Tolkien 1977, "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age": Family Trees I and II: "The house of Finwë and the Noldorin descent of Elrond and Elros", and "The descendants of Olwë and Elwë"
  15. ^Tolkien 1955, Appendix A: Annals of the Kings and Rulers, I The Númenórean Kings

Secondary

[edit]
  1. ^abKullmann, Thomas (2009)."Intertextual Patterns in JRR Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings".Nordic Journal of English Studies.8 (2). Oslo, Norway:Oslo University:37–56.doi:10.35360/njes.190. Archived fromthe original on February 17, 2022.
  2. ^abShippey, Tom (2001).J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century. New York City:HarperCollins. pp. 68–70.ISBN 978-0261-10401-3.
  3. ^abNelson, Charles W. (2002). "From Gollum to Gandalf: The Guide Figures in J. R. R. Tolkien'sLord of the Rings".Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts.13 (1 (49)). Mount Pleasant, Michigan: Central Michigan University:47–61.JSTOR 43308562.
  4. ^abRosebury, Brian (2003) [1992].Tolkien: A Cultural Phenomenon. London, England:Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 106, 138.ISBN 978-1403-91263-3.
  5. ^Tyler, J. E. A. (2002).The Complete Tolkien Companion. London, England:Pan Books. p. 195.ISBN 978-0-330-41165-3.
  6. ^West, Richard C. (2011). "Neither the Shadow nor the Twilight: The Love Story of Aragorn and Arwen in Literature and Film". In Bogstad, Janice M.; Kaveny, Philip E. (eds.).Picturing Tolkien. Jefferson, North Carolina:McFarland & Company. pp. 227–237.ISBN 978-0786446360.
  7. ^Doughan, David (2002)."War, Lost Tales and Academia".J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biographical Sketch.Archived from the original on 3 March 2006.
  8. ^Larsen, Kristine (2019)."A Journey Down the Rabbit Hole of the OED in Search of the Meaning of 'Master' Elrond".Journal of Tolkien Research.7 (1). Valparaiso, Indiana:Valparaiso University.
  9. ^"Cyril Ritchard".Behind the Voice Actors. Retrieved18 July 2020.
  10. ^Beck, Jerry (2005).The Animated Movie Guide. Chicago, Illinois:Chicago Review Press. p. 154.ISBN 978-1-56976-222-6.
  11. ^"Elrond".Behind the Voice Actors. Retrieved18 July 2020.
  12. ^"Riel Radio Theatre — The Lord of the Rings, Episode 2". Radioriel. 15 January 2009. Archived fromthe original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved18 May 2020.
  13. ^"Precious News! Tony Award Winner Will Play Gandalf in Lord of the Rings Musical; Cast Announced".playbill.com.Playbill. 25 July 2005. Archived fromthe original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved6 October 2012.
  14. ^Froggatt, Emma (31 July 2015)."Hugo Weaving's top 10 on-screen moments – in pictures".The Guardian.
  15. ^abShippey, Tom (2005) [1982].The Road to Middle-Earth (Third ed.). New York City:HarperCollins. pp. 418–419.ISBN 978-0261102750.
  16. ^"Elijah who? The amazing new stars of The Lord of the Rings".The Guardian. 26 August 2022. Retrieved2 September 2022.
  17. ^"The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle Earth II".Behind the Voice Actors. Retrieved18 July 2020.
  18. ^"The Lord of the Rings: Conquest".Behind the Voice Actors. Retrieved18 July 2020.
  19. ^"Jim Piddock".Behind the Voice Actors. Retrieved18 July 2020.

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