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In 2010, a complete specimen was found in the same formation, which was described by Richard Cloutier and colleagues in 2020. It reveals that the paired fins ofElpistostege contained boneshomologous to thephalanges (digit bones) of moderntetrapods; it is the mostbasal tetrapodomorph known to possess these bones. At the same time, the fins were covered in scales andlepidotrichia (fin rays), which indicates that the origin of phalanges preceded the loss of fin rays, rather than the other way around.[2][3]
An analysis conducted by Swartz in 2012 foundElpistostege to be the sister taxon ofTiktaalik. Both were found to be primitive members of the groupElpistostegalia, along with other advanced stem-tetrapods.[4]
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