Elpidio Quirino | |
|---|---|
 Official portrait, 1948 | |
| 6th President of the Philippines | |
| In office April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1953 | |
| Vice President | Ramon Avanceña(1948–1949;de facto) Fernando Lopez(1949–1953) |
| Preceded by | Manuel Roxas |
| Succeeded by | Ramon Magsaysay |
| 2nd Vice President of the Philippines | |
| In office May 28, 1946 – April 17, 1948 | |
| President | Manuel Roxas |
| Preceded by | Sergio Osmeña |
| Succeeded by | Fernando Lopez |
| Secretary of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office September 16, 1946 – January 6, 1950 | |
| President | Manuel Roxas Himself |
| Preceded by | Abolished Position last held byFelipe Buencamino in 1899 as Secretary of Foreign Relations |
| Succeeded by | Felino Neri |
| Secretary of Finance | |
| In office May 28, 1946 – November 24, 1946 | |
| President | Manuel Roxas |
| Preceded by | Jaime Hernandez |
| Succeeded by | Miguel Cuaderno |
| In office July 25, 1934 – February 18, 1936 | |
| President | Manuel L. Quezon |
| Preceded by | Vicente Singson Encarnación |
| Succeeded by | Antonio de las Alas |
| Secretary of the Interior | |
| In office 1935–1938 | |
| President | Manuel L. Quezon |
| Preceded by | Teófilo Sison |
| Succeeded by | Rafael Alunan Sr. |
| President pro tempore of the Senate of the Philippines | |
| In office July 9, 1945 – May 25, 1946 | |
| President | Sergio Osmeña |
| Preceded by | José Avelino (acting) |
| Succeeded by | Melecio Arranz |
| Senator of the Philippines | |
| In office July 9, 1945 – May 28, 1946 | |
| In office June 2, 1925 – November 15, 1935 | |
| Preceded by | Santiago Fonacier |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished |
| Constituency | 1st senatorial district |
| Member of theHouse of Representatives fromIlocos Sur's1st district | |
| In office 1919–1922 | |
| Preceded by | Alberto Reyes |
| Succeeded by | Vicente Singson Pablo |
| 3rdPresident of the Liberal Party | |
| In office April 17, 1949 – December 30, 1950 | |
| Preceded by | José Avelino |
| Succeeded by | Eugenio Pérez |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Elpidio Quirino y Rivera (1890-11-16)November 16, 1890 |
| Died | February 29, 1956(1956-02-29) (aged 65) Quezon City, Philippines |
| Resting place | Manila South Cemetery (1956–2016) Libingan ng mga Bayani (since 2016) |
| Party | Liberal (1946–1956) |
| Other political affiliations | Nacionalista (1919-1946) |
| Spouse | |
| Relations | Cory Quirino (granddaughter) |
| Children | 5, includingVictoria Quirino González |
| Alma mater | University of the Philippines (LL.B) |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Signature |  |
Elpidio Rivera Quirino (Tagalog:[kiˈɾino]; November 16, 1890 – February 29, 1956) was the sixthpresident of the Philippines, serving from 1948 to 1953. As the secondvice president from 1946 to 1948, he assumed the presidency upon the death ofManuel Roxas in 1948.
A lawyer by profession, Quirino entered politics when he became a representative ofIlocos Sur's first district from 1919 to 1922. He was then elected as a senator from 1925 to 1935. In 1934, he became a member of the Philippine Independence Commission that was sent toWashington, D.C., which secured the passage ofTydings–McDuffie Act to theUnited States Congress. In 1935, he was also elected to the1935 Constitutional Convention that drafted the1935 Philippine Constitution for the newly establishedPhilippine Commonwealth. In the new government, he served as secretary of the interior and finance under the cabinet ofPresident Manuel L. Quezon.
After World War II, Quirino was elected vice-president in theApril 1946 presidential election, consequently the second and last for the Commonwealth and first for theThird Republic. He won a full term under theLiberal Party ticket, defeatingNacionalista former presidentJosé P. Laurel as well as fellowLiberalista and formerSenate PresidentJosé Dira Avelino. The Quirino administration was generally challenged by the Hukbalahap, who ransacked towns and barrios. Quirino ran for president again in November 1953 but was defeated byRamon Magsaysay in a landslide.
Elpidio Quirino y Rivera was born on November 16, 1890, at the Vigan Provincial Jail inVigan,Ilocos Sur. He was the third child of Mariano Quirino y Quebral ofCaoayan, Ilocos Sur and Gregoria Rivera y Mendoza ofAgoo,La Union.[1] AChinesemestizo descendant, Quirino was baptized on November 19, 1890.[2][3]
Quirino first attended secondary education at Vigan High School, during which he also worked as a teacher in barrio Caparia-an, Caoayan, Ilocos Sur. He later transferred toManila High School inIntramuros,Manila, after earning enough finances. He later studied law at theUniversity of the Philippines. He was one of the topnotchers of the 1915Philippine Bar Examinations.[4]
.jpg)
Quirino was engaged in private law practice of until he was elected as member of thePhilippine House of Representatives forIlocos Sur's 1st congressional district from 1919 to 1922, succeeding Alberto Reyes. He served for only one term and was succeeded by Vicente Singson Pablo in 1922.
.jpg)
Quirino was first elected as a senator from the1st senatorial district in 1925. He was re-elected in 1931 and served until the bicameral Congress was abolished in favor of the unicameralNational Assembly of the Philippines.[5]
As a senator, he was briefly assigned by Senate PresidentManuel Quezon as actingSenate Majority Leader from 1932 to 1933[6][7] due to Quezon, senate majority leaderBenigno Aquino Sr., andSergio Osmeña went on leave and made trips to the United States. These were to protect the proposedHare–Hawes–Cutting bill in U.S. Congress and to amend the bill because of opposition from the Philippine Legislature.[6] In the senate, Quirino also became chairman of a joint committee on taxation.[7]
He was later secured a comeback to the Senate in 1941, but was not able to serve until 1945 due toWorld War II.[5] During the Philippine Commonwealth, he became Senate President pro tempore from 1942 but did not serve until 1945. His term as senator ended in 1946.[5]
In a memorandum to Governor GeneralFrank Murphy on January 13, 1935, Quirino, quoting former acting finance secretaryVicente Singson Encarnacion, proposed that the Philippines create its own currency system based on the gold standard. He supported this idea due to the country's gold production and simpler economic structure compared to the US and Europe. Quirino also agreed with Encarnacion on the need to devalue thepeso, suggesting a reduction aligned with previous currency changes in 1934. He recommended forming acentral bank to stabilize prices and promote the national economy, over which he emphasized its role in lowering interest rates and expanding credit. However, Quirino's proposals, like those of his predecessor, were not adopted. ThePhilippine Insular government enacted Act No. 4199 on March 16, 1935, fixing the peso to the US dollar, marking the official introduction of the dollar exchange standard.[8]: 102
.jpg)
Soon after the reconstitution of the Commonwealth government in 1945, SenatorsManuel Roxas, Quirino and their allies called for an early national election to choose the president and vice president of the Philippines and members of the Congress. In December 1945, the House Insular Affairs of theUnited States Congress approved the joint resolution setting the date of the election on not later than April 30, 1946.
Prompted by this congressional action, PresidentSergio Osmeña called thePhilippine Congress to a three-day special session. Congress enacted Commonwealth Act No. 725, setting the date of the election on April 23, 1946. The act was signed by President Osmeña on January 5, 1946.
Quirino was nominated as Senate PresidentManuel Roxas's running mate. The tandem won the election. As Vice President, Quirino was appointed Secretary of Foreign Affairs.
| Presidential styles of Elpidio Quirino | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Reference style | His Excellency |
| Spoken style | Your Excellency |
| Alternative style | Mr. President |
Quirino's five years as president were marked by notable postwar reconstruction, general economic gains and increased economic aid from the United States.
Quirino assumed the presidency on April 17, 1948, taking his oath of office two days after the death of Manuel Roxas two days earlier of a heart attack after delivering a speech atClark Air Base inPampanga. The inauguration took place at the Council of State Room of the Malacañang Palace inManila as the second non-scheduled extraordinarypresidential inauguration.[9]Associate Justice of theSupreme CourtRicardo Paras administered the oath of office. On the same day, Quirino delivered his short, 47-word inaugural remarks at the same room.[10]
His first official act as the President was the proclamation of astate mourning throughout the country for Roxas's death. Since Quirino was a widower, his surviving daughter, Victoria, would serve as the official hostess and perform the functions traditionally ascribed to theFirst Lady.
On July 17, 1948, Congress approved Republic Act No. 333, amending Commonwealth Act No. 502, declaringQuezon City as the new capital of thePhilippines, replacingManila.[11] Nevertheless, pending the official transfer of the government offices to the new capital site, Manila remained to be such for all effective purposes.[11]
The term Hukbalahap was a contraction ofHukbo ng Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon (in English: The Nation's Army Against the Japanese Soldiers), members of which were commonly referred to asHuks.
With the expiration of the Amnesty deadline on August 15, 1948, the government found out that theHuks had not lived up to the terms of the Quirino-Taruc agreement. Indeed, after having been seated in Congress and collecting his back pay allowance, Huk leaderLuis Taruc surreptitiously fled away from Manila, even as a number of his followers had either submitted themselves to the conditions of the Amnesty proclamation or surrendered their arms. In the face of countercharges from the Huk to the effect that the government had not satisfied the agreed conditions, President Quirino ordered a stepped-up campaign against dissidents, restoring once more an aggressive policy in view of the failure of the friendly attitude previously adopted.[11]
To bring the government closer to the people, he revived President Quezon's "fireside chats", in which he enlightened the people on the activities of the Republic by the periodic radio broadcasts from Malacañang Palace.
Riding on the crest of the growing wave of resentment against the Liberal Party, a move was next hatched to indict President Quirino himself.[11] Led by Representative Agripino Escareal, a committee composed of seven members of the House of Representatives prepared a five-count accusation ranging fromnepotism to gross expenditures.Speaker Eugenio Pérez appointed a committee of seven, headed by RepresentativeLorenzo Sumulong to look into the charges preparatory to their filing with theSenate, acting as an impeachment body.Solicitor General Felix Angelo Bautista entered his appearance as defense counsel for the chief executive.[11] Following several hearings, on April 19, 1949, after a rather turbulent session that lasted all night, the congressional committee reached a verdict completely exonerating the President.
In September 1949, the Fourth General Assembly of the United Nations elected delegateCarlos P. Romulo as itsPresident. The first[11] Oriental to hold the position, Romulo was strongly supported by theAnglo-Saxon bloc, as well as by the group of Spanish-speaking nations,[11] thus underscoring the hybrid nature of the Filipino people's culture and upbringing.[11]
Incumbent President Quirino won a full term as President after the untimely death of President Manuel Roxas in 1948 in theNovember 1949 presidential election. His running mate,SenatorFernando López, won asVice President. Despite factions created in the administration party, Quirino won a satisfactory vote from the public. It was the only time in Philippine history where the duly elected president, vice president and senators all came from the same party, the Liberal Party. The election was widely criticized as being corrupt,[12] with violence and fraud taking place.[13] Opponents of Quirino were beaten or murdered by his supporters or the police and the election continues to be seen as corrupt.[14]
Quirino's second inauguration took place on Friday, December 30, 1949, at theIndependence Grandstand inManila.[15]Chief Justice of theSupreme CourtManuel Moran administered the oath of office.
In May 1950, upon the invitation of President Quirino and through the insistent suggestion of United Nations General Assembly President Romulo, official representatives ofIndia,Pakistan,Ceylon,Thailand,Indonesia, andAustralia met inBaguio for a regional conference sponsored by the Philippines.[11]Taiwan andSouth Korea did not attend the conference because the latter did not contemplate the formation of a military union of theSoutheast Asian nations. On the other hand, Japan, Indonesia, Taiwan, and others were not invited because, at the time, they were not free and independent states.[dubious –discuss] Due to the request of India and Indonesia, no political questions were taken up the conference.[11] Instead, the delegates discussed economic and, most of all, cultural, problems confronting their respective countries. Strangely enough however, the Baguio Conference ended with an officialcommuniqué in which the nations attending the same expressed their united agreement in supporting the right to self-determination of all peoples the world over. This initial regional meet held much promise of a future alliance of these neighboring nations for common protection and aid.[11]
The Quirino administration faced a serious threat in the form of thecommunist Hukbalahap movement. Although the Huks originally had been an anti-Japanese guerrilla army in Luzon, communists steadily gained control over the leadership, and when Quirino's negotiation with Huk commander Luis Taruc broke down in 1948. Taruc then openly declared himself a communist and called for the overthrow of the government.
With the communist organization estimated to still have more than 40,000 duly registered members by March 1951, the government went on with its sustained campaign to cope with the worsening peace and order problem.[11] The 1951 budget included the use of a residue fund for the land resettlement program in favor of the surrendered HUKS. The money helped maintain the Economic Development Corps (EDCOR), with its settlements of 6,500 hectares in Kapatagan (Lanao) and 25,000 hectares in Buldon (Cotabato). In each group taken to these places there was a nucleus of former Army personnel and their families, who became a stabilizing factor and ensured the success of the program. Indeed, less than ten percent of the Huks who settled down gave up this new lease in life offered them by the government.[11]
To promote the smooth restructuring of theArmed Forces of the Philippines, the military were made to undergo a reorganization.[11] Battalion combat teams of 1,000 men each were established. Each operated independently of the High Command, except for overall coordination in operational plans. A total of 26 Battalion Combat Teams were put up. New army units were also established, such was the firstAirborne Unit, theScout Rangers, theCanine Unit, and theCavalry Unit. These units all showed considerable ability.[11]
In early January 1951, a communist plot to assassinate leading government officials was discovered following the seizure of documents in a rebel camp, which showed that 40 men had been hired for the plan.[16] Among the intended victims were Quirino, Lopez, and then defense secretary Magsaysay.[16][17][18] On January 24, fourChinese nationals—suspected would-be assassins—were arrested in a raid inChinatown, Manila;[16][18] they were later held atPhilippine Army headquarters atCamp Murphy.[18]
Intelligence sources reported that the plot was directed by Co Pak, a businessman who had been arrested[17][18] for allegedly supporting the Hukbalahap and his fellow communists in the country.[19] He had escaped every arrests several times. On February 19, he wasdeported by the government toFormosa through aPhilippine Air Force plane.[19]
After a sweep by the Liberals in 1949, many Filipinos doubted the election result. This brought a sweep by theNacionalistas in the 1951 elections. There was a special election for the vacated Senate seat ofFernando Lopez, who won as vice president in 1949. The Liberals won no seats in the Senate.
Quirino ran for re-election to the presidency withJosé Yulo as his running mate in 1953 despite his ill health. HisSecretary of National Defense,Ramon Magsaysay, resigned from office and joined theNacionalista Party. Other prominentLiberals including Vice President Fernando Lopez, Ambassador Carlos Romulo, and SenatorsTomás Cabili andJuan Sumulong also bolted Quirino's party.
On August 22, 1953, theNacionalista andDemocratic Parties formed a coalition to ensure Quirino's full defeat. OnElection Day, Quirino was defeated by Magsaysay with a landslide vote margin of 1.5 million.
Quirino was accused of aGolden arinola scandal which led him to losing the1953 Philippine presidential election.
| Population | |
|---|---|
| 1948 | 19.23 million |
| Gross Domestic Product (1985 constant prices) | |
| 1948 |  Php 99,628 million |
| 1953 | Php 146,070 million |
| Growth rate, 1948–53 | 9.32 % |
| Per capita income (1985 constant prices) | |
| 1948 | Php 5,180 |
| 1953 | Php 7,596 |
| Total exports | |
| 1948 | Php 35,921 million |
| 1953 |  Php 34, 432 million |
| Exchange rates | |
| 1 US US$ =Php 2.00 1Php = US US$ 0.50 | |
| Sources:Philippine Presidency Project Malaya, Jonathan; Malaya, Eduardo.So Help Us God... The Inaugurals of the Presidents of the Philippines.Anvil Publishing, Inc. | |
Upon assuming the reins of government, Quirino announced two main objectives of his administration: first, theeconomic reconstruction of the nation and second, the restoration of the faith and confidence of the people in the government. In connection to the first agenda, he created the President's Action Committee on Social Amelioration (PACSA) to mitigate the sufferings of indigent families, the Labor Management Advisory Board to advise him on labor matters, the Agricultural Credit Cooperatives Financing Administration (ACCFA) to help the farmers market their crops and save them from loan sharks, and the Rural Banks of the Philippines to facilitate credit utilities in rural areas.
The Import and Exchange Control Act of 1948 was fully implemented only after Quirino won. During his term, Congress also created theCentral Bank of the Philippines to control currency, banking, and credit. Before implementing controls, the Bell Trade Act required approval from the U. S. President. PresidentHarry S. Truman agreed to the controls if the Philippines accepted an all-American economic mission called the Bell Mission, led byDaniel Bell, which surveyed the country’s economy in July 1950. The mission reported the harsh economic conditions of the Philippines. Its findings led to the Romulo-Snyder Agreement and the Quirino-Foster Agreement, including a $70 million loan proposal from Central Bank GovernorMiguel Cuaderno.[20]
Enhancing President Manuel Roxas' policy of social justice to alleviate the lot of the common mass, President Quirino, almost immediately after assuming office, started a series of steps calculated to effectively ameliorate the economic condition of the people.[11] After periodic surprise visits to the slums of Manila and other backward regions of the country, President Quirino officially made public a seven-point program for social security which included the following:[11]
President Quirino also created the Social Security Commission and appointed Social Welfare Commissioner Asuncion Perez as its chairperson.[11] This was followed by the creation of the PACSA, charges with extending aid, loans, and relief to less fortunate citizens. Both the policy and its implementation were hailed by the people as harbingers of great benefits.[11]
As part of his agrarian reform agenda, President Quirino issued Executive Order No. 355 on October 23, 1950, which replaced the National Land Settlement Administration with Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO) which takes over the responsibilities of the Agricultural Machinery Equipment Corporation and the Rice and Corn Production Administration.[21]
Following calls for government improvement from Vice President Fernando Lopez, President Quirino created the Integrity Board to probe into reports of graft and corruption in high government positions.[11]
Quirino's administration excelled in diplomacy, impressing foreign heads of states and world statesmen by his intelligence and culture. He had official travels to the United States, European countries, and Southeast Asia. During his six years in office, he and hisForeign Affairs Secretary,Helen Cutaran Bennett, was able to negotiate treaties and agreements with other nations of theFree World. Two Asian heads of state visited the country—PresidentChiang Kai-shek of theRepublic of China in July 1949 and PresidentSukarno ofIndonesia in January 1951.
In 1950, at the onset of theKorean War, President Quirino authorized the deployment of over 7,450 Filipino soldiers to Korea, under the designation of thePhilippine Expeditionary Forces to Korea (PEFTOK).
While I recognise the United States as a great builder in this country, I have neversurrendered the sovereignty, much less the dignity and future of our country.
— Elpidio Quirino[22]
In 1951, the Philippines signed theMutual Defense Treaty with the United States to deter the threat ofcommunism that existed during theCold War. The military alliance remains to this day a key pillar of American foreign policy in Asia that also includes defense pacts with Japan, South Korea, Thailand, and Australia.
In an apparent show of genuine forgiveness and an attempt to improve public relations with Japan, Quirino granted amnesty to all Japanese war criminals and Filipino collaborators who were serving time or on death row in the Philippines. Quirino had lost his own wife and three children to the Japanese, along with five other members of his family. Despite this great personal loss, he said, "I do not want my children and my people to inherit from me hate for people who might yet be our friends, for the permanent interest of the country."[23] Due to the high anti-Japanese sentiment at the time, many observers considered his actions to be political suicide.[23] Controversially, Quirino even pardoned Japanese war criminals who murdered, raped, and inflicted other serious crimes towards Filipinos during World War II. TheManila Bulletin, an influential Filipino newspaper, has described his actions as "a historic gesture of 'forgiving the unforgivable'".[24] All of the convicts were released by December 1953. They had been tried by the American-operatedPhilippine War Crimes Commission or Filipino civil courts.[25] The pardons contributed to the reconciliation between the Philippines and Japan which eventually led to a friendly relationship.[26]
.jpg)
On June 25, 1950, the world was astonished to hear theNorth Korean aggression against the independent South Korea. The United Nations immediately took up this challenge to the security of this part of the world. Carlos Romulo soon stood out as the most effective spokesman for the South Korean cause.[11] On behalf of the government, Romulo offered to send a Philippine military contingent to be under the overall command of GeneralDouglas MacArthur, who had been named United Nations supreme commander for the punitive expedition. The Philippines, thus, became the first country to join the United States in the offer of military assistance to beleaguered South Korea.[11]
President Quirino took the necessary steps to make the Philippine offer. On a purely voluntary basis, the first contingent – the Tenth Battalion Combat Team – was formed under Colonel Azurin, and dispatched to Korea, where its members quickly won much renown for their military skill and bravery. The name of Captain Jose Artiaga, Jr., heroically killed in action, stands out as a symbol of the country's contribution to the cause of freedom outside native shores. Other Philippine Combat Teams successively replaced the first contingent sent, and they all built a name for discipline, tenacity, and courage, until the armistice that brought the conflict to a halt.[11]
By the time of the creation of the Integrity Board, the Bell Mission, led by American bankerDaniel W. Bell and composed of five members with a staff of twenty workers, following their period of stay in the Philippines, beginning in July 1950, finally submitted its report on October of the same year.[11] The report made several proposals, most noteworthy, of which were that the United States on, President Quirino gamely and patriotically,[11] took in the recommendations and sought to implement them. Thus, in November 1950, President Quirino andWilliam Chapman Foster, representing theUnited States government, signed an agreement by virtue of which the former pledged to obtain the necessary Philippine legislation, in keeping with the Bell Mission Report, while envoy Foster promised the necessary by the same report.[11]
The agreement also called for renegotiating the Bell Trade Agreement and signing a Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation for the U.S. recognition of the Philippines’ independence. SenatorClaro M. Recto labeled this a “mendicant foreign policy” since it allowed U.S. advisors into government offices, leading to official American intervention in the country's government and economy.[20]
However, much as he tried to become a good president, Quirino failed to win the people's affection. Several factors caused the unpopularity of his administration, namely:[27]
On July 4, 1953, during the final year of his presidency, Quirino made a historic and controversial act of clemency by granting pardons to 114Japanese prisoners of war who had been convicted for atrocities committed during theSecond World War, including acts perpetrated during theJapanese occupation of the Philippines. Many of these prisoners had been held at theNew Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa.[28]
Quirino, whose own wife, three of his children, and several relatives had been killed by Japanese forces during theBattle of Manila, explained that his decision was driven by a desire for reconciliation and peace in the region. He stated that he bore no personal hatred and hoped the gesture would promote healing and foster improved relations between the Philippines and Japan.[29]
Alongside the clemency for Japanese war criminals, President Quirino also granted amnesty to 323 Filipinos who had been convicted of collaboration with the Japanese during the occupation. These collaborators had either held positions in the wartimeSecond Philippine Republic or had supported Japanese military operations in various capacities.[30]
The dual acts of clemency were received with mixed reactions—praised by some as a magnanimous step towards forgiveness and criticised by others as a betrayal of the memory of wartime suffering. Nonetheless, Quirino's actions laid a foundation forpost-war diplomatic normalisation with Japan and signalled a commitment to national healing.[31]
Following his failed bid for re-election, Quirino retired to private life. He offered his dedication to serve the Filipino people, becoming the "Father ofForeign Service" in the Philippines.
In the evening of February 29, 1956, Quirino was preparing to attend a meeting when he suffered a massive heart attack. He died shortly thereafter at 6:35 pm, at the age of 65, at his retirement house inNovaliches, Quezon City. PresidentRamon Magsaysay later declared March 1 to 15 as a "period of national mourning", wherein all flags at all government establishments in the country were flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning.[32] Quirino's remains lay in state at theMalacañang Palace from March 2 to 4. On March 5, a necrological service was held for him at theLegislative Building in Manila and his remains were later interred at theManila South Cemetery.[33][34]
_E911a_06.jpg)
On February 29, 2016, his remains were relocated and reinterred at a special tomb site in theLibingan ng mga Bayani inTaguig, in time for the 60th anniversary of his death.[35]
Quirino was married to Alicia Syquía (1903–1945) on January 16, 1921. The couple had five children: Tomás, Armando, Norma,Victoria, and Fe Angela. On February 9, 1945, his wife and three of their children (Armando, Norma and Fe Angela) were killed by Japanese troops as they fled their home during theBattle of Manila.[36] His brotherAntonio Quirino was the owner of Alto Broadcasting System, which later merged with Chronicle Broadcasting Network to form theABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation.[37]
His daughter,Victoria, became the youngest hostess ofMalacañang Palace, at 16 years old, when Quirino ascended to the presidency on April 17, 1948. She married Luis M. Gonzalez in 1950, who becamePhilippine ambassador to Spain from 1966 to 1971.
There are a number of memorials dedicated to Quirino. In 1964, the municipality of Angaki in Ilocos Sur was renamed toQuirino in his honor.[38] The province ofQuirino, established in 1966, was named in his memory. Newer municipalities named after him, such asQuirino, Isabela andPresident Quirino, Sultan Kudarat, were later established in 1967 and 1973, respectively.[39][40] Streets like theQuirino Avenue in Manila andElpidio Quirino Avenue inParañaque are named for him. The Novaliches–Ipo Road, where his retirement home is situated, was renamed asQuirino Highway. The Independence Grandstand in Manila'sRizal Park was also renamed toQuirino Grandstand in his honor.
Once theQuirino Avenue station ofMRT Line 7 and theQuirino Highway station of theMetro Manila Subway commence operations, Quirino will have three train stations named after him, including theQuirino station ofLRT Line 1.
In 2016, a memorial to him was established inHibiya Park, Tokyo, Japan.[41][42][43]
Yearly on November 16, special holidays in commemoration of his birth are observed at his home province ofIlocos Sur andLa Union, respectively.[44][45]
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Although its members were elected in November 1941, this body was convoked only in June 1945, with only 16 members in attendance, for the rest had either died or had been detained on charges of collaboration with the Japanese.
Articles related to Elpidio Quirino | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
