Elphin Ail Finn | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 Chapel Street, Elphin | |
  Elphin Location in Ireland | |
| Coordinates:53°51′N8°12′W / 53.85°N 8.2°W /53.85; -8.2 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Connacht |
| County | County Roscommon |
| Elevation | 83 m (272 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 715 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (WET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-1 (IST (WEST)) |
| Irish Grid Reference | M868889 |
Elphin (el-FIN;Irish:Ail Finn)[2] is a small town in northCounty Roscommon,Ireland. It forms the southern tip of a triangle withBoyle 18 km (11 mi) andCarrick-on-Shannon 14 km (9 mi) to the north west and north east respectively. It is at the junction of theR368 andR369regional roads.Ireland West Airport is 50 km (31 mi) west of Elphin - approximately 40 minutes by road. The town is in atownland andcivil parish of the same name.[2]
The town is served by Local Link route 570 a few times daily linking it toBoyle,Strokestown andRoscommon. Until 2012 Elphin was served by someBus Éireann Expressway journeys on theBallina toDublin route.Bus Éireann route 468 was introduced to compensate for the loss of the Expressway service and links the town toStrokestown andCarrick-on-Shannon on Mondays, Wednesdays & Saturdays. On Fridays theBus ÉireannBallina toLongford bus, route 451, serves Elphin.[3]
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Elphin has historically been an important market town and the diocesan centre for theDiocese of Elphin.St Patrick is believed to have visited Elphin, consecrated its first church and ordained its first bishop,Asicus (subsequently the patron saint of Elphin). Information supporting the visitation ofSt Patrick is to be found in two important memorials of earlyIrishhagiography, the Vita Tripartita ofSt Patrick, and the "Patrician Documents" in theBook of Armagh. On his missionary tour throughConnacht in 434 or 435, St Patrick came to the territory of Corcoghlan, present day Elphin. The chief of that territory, a nobleDruid named Ono, gave land and afterwards his castle or fort toSt Patrick to found a church and monastery. The place, which had hitherto been called Emlagh-Ono (a derivation of its owners name) received the designation of Ail Finn, which means "rock of the clear spring". It derives from a story of St Patrick raising a large stone from a well opened by him in the land of Ono and placed on its margin. A copious stream of crystal water flowed from the well and continues to flow through Elphin to this day.[citation needed]St Patrick built a church called Tempull Phadruig (Patrick's church) and established anEpiscopal See in Elphin. St Asicus remained as bishop of Elphin.St Patrick also founded an episcopal monastery or college at Elphin, believed to be one of the first monasteries founded by him. In pre-Reformation times, Elphin was host to a large number of religious orders and was a religious centre of international significance. This is supported by the appearance of Elphin in a number of pan-European maps in the Middle Ages.
After the Reformation Elphin continued as the centre of a bishopric. A new bishop's residence was built in the 1720s to the central block and flanking pavilions plan that is very common in Irish country houses of this period. The main block of the bishop's house was destroyed by fire early in the 20th century and was subsequently demolished, but the ruins of the pavilions survive together with the curtain walls that linked them to the main house.
TheChurch of Irelandcathedral was also rebuilt in the eighteenth century. It was a modest building, no bigger than a smallparish church, with a tall square clock tower at its west end. Anapse was added in the 19th century. The cathedral was used for worship up to 1961. It was badly damaged in a storm on 4 February 1957 and was demolished a few years later,[4] but its partially restored ruins can still be seen.
Associated with the cathedral was Elphin Diocesan School, popularly known as 'The Latin School'. Its most famous students wereOliver Goldsmith and the eye surgeon SirWilliam Wilde, father ofOscar Wilde. The school was closed in the 1860s when the seat of the bishopric was moved toKilmore,County Cavan.
According to legend, it was close to Elphin that the mythological figure ofOisin fell from his horse upon his return fromTír na nÓg (The Land of Eternal Youth). Within 6 km of Elphin isCruachan (otherwise Rathcroghan), the famous palace ofQueen Meave (she of theTáin Bó Cúailnge and a prominent figure inIrish mythology, notably theUlster Cycle) and theConnacht kings. The well of Ogulla (otherwise the Virgin Monument), scene of the famous conversion and baptism of Aithnea (Eithne) and Fidelm, the daughters of Leoghari, monarch of Ireland in the time ofSt Patrick, is also situate near Elphin. It is reputed that the gold and riches ofNed Kelly are buried in foothills just outside Elphin.
An early18th century windmill has been restored in the village. The windmill was built between 1720 - 1740. Some accounts state that the windmill was no longer in use and had fallen into disrepair by 1830. This timeline is corroborated by the "School's Collection" from the National Folklore Collection, a national survey of local folklore conducted by the schoolchildren of Ireland (including Elphin) dating from May 1938. One entry related to the windmill in Elphin states "There is a windmill about a quarter of a mile on the north-side of the town. It is in the village of Chanterland and it is on the left-hand side of the road as a person goes from Elphin to Boyle. It is a circular structure and it was well built because although it is very old it is as good as when it was built. There are two doors on it one facing the other but one is filled with stones. There is a stream going by the mill and where the Boyle road crosses it is called The Mill Dam. The stream rises in the Deanery and it flows in an eastern direction. There are none of the mill stones to be seen around the Mill. A man named Culligan who died fifteen years ago said that the Windmill was not worked for eighty years before that".[5]
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