Elorrio | |
|---|---|
 An archway in Elorrio | |
 Coat of arms | |
| Nickname: Elorrixo | |
  Elorrio Location of Elorrio within the Basque Country Show map of the Basque Country Elorrio Location of Elorrio within Spain Show map of Spain | |
| Coordinates:43°7′50″N2°32′34″W / 43.13056°N 2.54278°W /43.13056; -2.54278 | |
| Country |  Spain |
| Autonomous community |  Basque Country |
| Province | Biscay |
| Comarca | Durangaldea |
| Founded | 1356 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Ana Otadui (EAJ-PNV) |
| Area | |
• Total | 37.32 km2 (14.41 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 185 m (607 ft) |
| Population (2018)[1] | |
• Total | 7,336 |
| • Density | 200/km2 (510/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | Spanish: elorriano (ana) Basque: elorriotarra |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 48230 |
| Website | Official website |
Elorrio is a town and amunicipality located in the eastern part of theprovince ofBiscay, in theBasque Country, in northernSpain. As of 2017[update], it has a population of 7,307 inhabitants.[2] It covers an area of 37.20 square kilometers and it has a population density of 193.58 people per square kilometer. It holds the medieval title of Most Loyal and Noble Villa (Spanish:Muy Noble y Muy Leal Villa).
Elorrio was founded in 1356 by theInfanteTello Alfonso of Castile, who was the 20thLord of Biscay, near theelizate of Saint Agustín of Etxebarria (Basque:San Agustin Etxebarria;Spanish:San Agustín de Echevarría). Historically, San Agustin Etxebarria was part of the medievalCounty of Durango, and Elorrio remains part of thecomarca (local region) ofDurangaldea. In 1630, Elorrio annexed Saint Agustín of Etxebarria, which today is a ward of Elorrio. Elorrio had municipal representation in the medievalJuntas Generales.
The town has been affected by its main economic activity: theindustrial sector. It is also renowned for its rich architectural heritage, being listed as aConjunto histórico by theMinistry of Culture.
In theBasque language,elorrio is the word for the red fruit (haw) of thecommon hawthorn. The Basque wordelorri means "hawthorn". The coat of arms of the town shows a hawthorn. Colloquially, the town was calledElorrixo in Basque.
The Argiñeta tombs that today lie just outside the town of Elorrio are both pre-Christian and Christian (the earliest date of the latter is recorded as 893). In 1053, the San Agustín de Etxebarria monastery was founded, which in time was renovated and eventually became present-day church (an example ofGothic architecture). In 1356, Don Tello,Lord of Biscay, officially created Elorrio (through a foundational charter) on the land where the monastery stood, as a means of creating a town to defend his borders against invasion from neighboringGipuzkoa. In 1468 the town was the site of a major battle betweenwarring clan factions in the Basque Country (the Oñacinos and the Gamboinos). However, incidents of this type decreased, and between the sixteenth and the eighteenth centuries, the town's fortunes grew, gaining renown for its iron-forges, and especially the production oflances.
As a result of this economic expansion, a number of important buildings were constructed (mostly during the sixteenth century) that are today considered monuments of significant historical and architectural importance. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Elorrio, although it remained a predominantly rural town, became a tourist destination, as people visited the locality to attend one of its two well-known spas. After theSpanish Civil War, Elorrio went through a period ofindustrialization, with a number of small, family firms andworker cooperative enterprises emerging. In 1964, the whole town was the first one in Biscay to be declared a Centre of Historical and Artistic Importance. Its population, which grew from 3,500 in 1950 to 8,000 in 1981, currently (2004 records) numbers just over 7,000 people.[3]
Elorrio is located at the easternmost point ofBiscay, in thecomarca ofDurangaldea, northernSpain. It limits at north withBerriz andZaldibar at northwest withAbadiño, at west withAtxondo, at east with the province ofGipuzkoa and at south with the province ofÁlava.
The town is surrounded by various mountains, such as Intxorta (797m) and Udalatx (1092m), and is traversed by the Zumelegi river that, after joining the River Arrazola inAtxondo, goes on to form theIbaizabal river.
The town is situated 39km from the provincial capital ofBilbao.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 2,776 | — |
| 1910 | 2,854 | +2.8% |
| 1920 | 3,014 | +5.6% |
| 1930 | 3,004 | −0.3% |
| 1940 | 3,077 | +2.4% |
| 1950 | 3,567 | +15.9% |
| 1960 | 4,830 | +35.4% |
| 1970 | 7,334 | +51.8% |
| 1981 | 7,857 | +7.1% |
| 1990 | 7,526 | −4.2% |
| 2000 | 7,166 | −4.8% |
| 2010 | 7,252 | +1.2% |
| 2013 | 7,294 | +0.6% |
TheNational Institute of Statistics estimates that the population of Elorrio was 7,372 in 2019.[4]
The economy of the municipality is based on the industrial activity. Nonetheless, thefarming activities still have relevance in the area. Most of the rural exploitations are based onbeef andmilk production and, in less numbers, the exploitation ofpines.
The most important economical activity in the area is the industry; Elorrio is home for several industries of metal processing.
The only mean of transport is by road; the BI-634 road crosses the town and connects it withDurango, capital city of thecomarca, andArrasate-Mondragón in the province ofGipuzkoa. In Durango the road connects with the AP-8 highway toBilbao andDonostia-San Sebastián while in Arrasate-Mondragón it connects to the AP-1 highway toEibar andVitoria-Gasteiz. From Elorrio starts the BI-2632 road toBergara andElgeta (both in Gipuzkoa) and the BI-3321 road toBerriz.
Two lines of theBizkaibus network have stations in Elorrio; the lines A3923 and A3914. Elorrio then has buses toBilbao every hour and toDurango and other lesser municipalities every 30 minutes.
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