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Ellsworth Court

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Period of the US Supreme Court from 1796 to 1800
Supreme Court of the United States
Ellsworth Court
March 8, 1796 – December 15, 1800
(4 years, 282 days)
SeatOld City Hall
Philadelphia,Pennsylvania
No. ofpositions6
Ellsworth Court decisions

TheEllsworth Court refers to theSupreme Court of the United States from 1796 to 1800, whenOliver Ellsworth served as the thirdChief Justice of the United States. Ellsworth took office after the Senate refused to confirm the nomination of Chief JusticeJohn Rutledge, who briefly served as a Chief Justice as arecess appointment. Ellsworth served as Chief Justice until his resignation, at which pointJohn Marshall took office. With some exceptions, the Ellsworth Court was the last Supreme Court to useseriatim opinions.[1]

Membership

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See also:List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States

The Ellsworth Court began in 1796 when the Senate confirmed PresidentGeorge Washington's appointment of Ellsworth. Washington had previously nominated both Rutledge and Associate JusticeWilliam Cushing to the seat, but Rutledge's nomination was denied by the Senate and Cushing refused the nomination on the basis of his health.[2] The Ellsworth Court began with Ellsworth and four Associate Justices from the Jay Court:William Cushing,James Wilson,James Iredell, andWilliam Paterson. Associate JusticeSamuel Chase took office shortly after Ellsworth's tenure began, filling the vacancy caused by the resignation ofJohn Blair, Jr. during the Rutledge Court. Wilson died in 1798, and PresidentJohn Adams appointedBushrod Washington to take his seat.Alfred Moore joined the court in 1800 after the death of Iredell.

Timeline

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Bar key:  Washington appointee    J. Adams appointee

Other branches

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Presidents during this court includedGeorge Washington andJohn Adams. Congresses during this court included4th through the6th United States Congresses.

Rulings of the Court

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See also:List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Ellsworth Court

The Ellsworth Court issued some notable rulings:

  • Hollingsworth v. Virginia (1798): In aper curiam opinion, the court ruled that the president plays no part in amending the Constitution.
  • Calder v. Bull (1798): In an opinion written by Justice Chase, the court held that the Constitutional prohibition onex post facto laws applies only to criminal acts, and that the Supreme Court of United States has no authority to determine whether state laws violate state constitutions.

References

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  1. ^Schwartz, Bernard (1993).A History of the Supreme Court. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 39.
  2. ^Schwartz, 39

Further reading

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  1. J. Rutledge* (1790–1791)
  2. Cushing (1790–1810)
  3. Wilson (1789–1798)
  4. Blair (1790–1795)
  5. Iredell (1790–1799)
  6. T. Johnson (1792–1793)
  7. Paterson (1793–1806)
  8. S. Chase (1796–1811)
  9. Washington (1798–1829)
  10. Moore (1800–1804)
  11. W. Johnson (1804–1834)
  12. Livingston (1807–1823)
  13. Todd (1807–1826)
  14. Duvall (1811–1835)
  15. Story (1812–1845)
  16. Thompson (1823–1843)
  17. Trimble (1826–1828)
  18. McLean (1829–1861)
  19. Baldwin (1830–1844)
  20. Wayne (1835–1867)
  21. Barbour (1836–1841)
  22. Catron (1837–1865)
  23. McKinley (1838–1852)
  24. Daniel (1842–1860)
  25. Nelson (1845–1872)
  26. Woodbury (1845–1851)
  27. Grier (1846–1870)
  28. Curtis (1851–1857)
  29. Campbell (1853–1861)
  30. Clifford (1858–1881)
  31. Swayne (1862–1881)
  32. Miller (1862–1890)
  33. Davis (1862–1877)
  34. Field (1863–1897)
  35. Strong (1870–1880)
  36. Bradley (1870–1892)
  37. Hunt (1873–1882)
  38. J. M. Harlan (1877–1911)
  39. Woods (1881–1887)
  40. Matthews (1881–1889)
  41. Gray (1882–1902)
  42. Blatchford (1882–1893)
  43. L. Lamar (1888–1893)
  44. Brewer (1890–1910)
  45. Brown (1891–1906)
  46. Shiras (1892–1903)
  47. H. Jackson (1893–1895)
  48. E. White* (1894–1910)
  49. Peckham (1896–1909)
  50. McKenna (1898–1925)
  51. Holmes (1902–1932)
  52. Day (1903–1922)
  53. Moody (1906–1910)
  54. Lurton (1910–1914)
  55. Hughes* (1910–1916)
  56. Van Devanter (1911–1937)
  57. J. Lamar (1911–1916)
  58. Pitney (1912–1922)
  59. McReynolds (1914–1941)
  60. Brandeis (1916–1939)
  61. Clarke (1916–1922)
  62. Sutherland (1922–1938)
  63. Butler (1923–1939)
  64. Sanford (1923–1930)
  65. Stone* (1925–1941)
  66. O. Roberts (1930–1945)
  67. Cardozo (1932–1938)
  68. Black (1937–1971)
  69. Reed (1938–1957)
  70. Frankfurter (1939–1962)
  71. Douglas (1939–1975)
  72. Murphy (1940–1949)
  73. Byrnes (1941–1942)
  74. R. Jackson (1941–1954)
  75. W. Rutledge (1943–1949)
  76. Burton (1945–1958)
  77. Clark (1949–1967)
  78. Minton (1949–1956)
  79. J. M. Harlan II (1955–1971)
  80. Brennan (1956–1990)
  81. Whittaker (1957–1962)
  82. Stewart (1958–1981)
  83. B. White (1962–1993)
  84. Goldberg (1962–1965)
  85. Fortas (1965–1969)
  86. T. Marshall (1967–1991)
  87. Blackmun (1970–1994)
  88. Powell (1972–1987)
  89. Rehnquist* (1972–1986)
  90. Stevens (1975–2010)
  91. O'Connor (1981–2006)
  92. Scalia (1986–2016)
  93. Kennedy (1988–2018)
  94. Souter (1990–2009)
  95. Thomas (1991–present)
  96. Ginsburg (1993–2020)
  97. Breyer (1994–2022)
  98. Alito (2006–present)
  99. Sotomayor (2009–present)
  100. Kagan (2010–present)
  101. Gorsuch (2017–present)
  102. Kavanaugh (2018–present)
  103. Barrett (2020–present)
  104. K. Jackson (2022–present)
*Also served as chief justice of the United States
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