Elizabeth Bertrand (Ojibwe:Omagigiwikway;c. 1760 – February 28, 1827), known asElizabeth Mitchell after her marriage to the British army surgeon David Mitchell, was a prominentAnishinaabe fur trader and political leader around theStraits of Mackinac in the early 19th century. In her nativeOjibwe language she was known asOmagigiwikway.

Elizabeth Bertrand was born sometime after the middle of the 18th century. Her mother was anOjibwe woman and her father was a Frenchfur trader. Growing up in the Anishinaabe culture of her mother, it was reported that Elizabeth spoke a mixture of theOjibwe andOdawa languages. In 1776, Elizabeth married the British army surgeon David Mitchell. Through their collaboration in the fur trade, the couple soon became one of the wealthiest families on the upperGreat Lakes. From 1781 until 1811, the Mitchells lived in a grand house onMichilimackinac where they had numerous children.^[1] Elizabeth Mitchell and her family were described as "prominent, interesting, aristocratic, and wealthy" by the writerElizabeth Therèse Baird, who was born on Mackainc in 1810.^[2]

During theWar of 1812, Elizabeth played an active role in mobilizing Indigenous warriors to fight against the United States. Her efforts were especially important in repelling theAmerican attack on Mackinac in 1814. It was thanks to the leadership of prominent Anishinaabe individuals such as Elizabeth Mitchell andJean-Baptiste Assiginack that American forces were consistently defeated in the region of the upper Great Lakes, despite important victories elsewhere. In recognition of her influence among the Anishinaabe communities around the Straits of Mackinac, the British government granted her an allowance of 50 pounds per year for a period of two years following the end of the war.^[3]

The period following the War of 1812 was difficult for the Mitchell family. After Mackinac was returned to the Americans as per theTreaty of Ghent, David Mitchell withdrew with the British garrison to nearbyDrummond Island in July 1815, where he was employed as a surgeon in theBritish Indian Department. Elizabeth however stayed on Mackinac Island to look after their interests there. The American government resented the role Elizabeth had played in the war, and for a number of years, U.S. officials attempted to bar her involvement in the fur trade. Elizabeth complained of her treatment to the British government, although little came from her complaints.^[1] Nonetheless, the Mitchells continued to be prosperous and influential on both sides of the international border despite the changing circumstance following the end of the War of 1812.^[4]

Elizabeth Bertrand died on February 28, 1827, while visiting her family at Drummond Island, Michigan.^[3]

• British Indian Department
• Native American people of the Indian Wars
• People of the War of 1812
• British fur traders
• American Ojibwe people
• 18th-century Native American women
• 18th-century American businesswomen
• 18th-century American merchants
• 18th-century Native American people
• 19th-century Native American women
• 19th-century Native American leaders
• 1827 deaths

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