Anelevated railway orelevated train (also known as anel train orel for short) is a railway with thetracks above street level on aviaduct or other elevated structure (usually constructed from steel, cast iron, concrete, or bricks). The railway may be abroad-gauge,standard-gauge ornarrow-gauge railway,rapid transit,light rail,monorail, or asuspension railway. Elevated railways are normally found in urban areas that would otherwise require impracticably manylevel crossings. Usually, the tracks of elevated railways that run on steel viaducts can be seen from street level.
The earliest elevated railway was theLondon and Greenwich Railway on abrick viaduct of 878 arches, built between 1836 and 1838. The first 2.5 miles (4.0 km) of theLondon and Blackwall Railway (1840) was also built on a viaduct. During the 1840s there were other plans for elevated railways in London that never came to fruition.[1]
From the late 1860s onward, elevated railways became popular in US cities. New York'sWest Side and Yonkers Patent Railway opened in 1868 as acable-hauled elevated railway[2] and was operated using locomotives after 1871, when it was renamed the New York Elevated Railroad.[3][4] This was followed in 1875 by theManhattan Railway Company, which took over the New York Elevated Railroad.[5] Other early elevated systems in the US included theChicago "L", which was built by multiple competing companies beginning in 1892,[6] as well as theBoston Elevated Railway in 1901 and theMarket–Frankford Line in Philadelphia in 1907.[7] Globally, theBerlin Stadtbahn (1882) and theVienna Stadtbahn (1898) are also mainly elevated.
The first electric elevated railway was theLiverpool Overhead Railway, which operated through Liverpool docks from 1893 until 1956.
In London, theDocklands Light Railway is a modern elevated railway that opened in 1987[8] and has since expanded.[9] The trains are driverless and automatic.[10] Another modern elevated railway is Tokyo's driverlessYurikamome line, opened in 1995.[11]
People mover or automated people mover (APM) is a type of driverless grade-separated, mass-transit system. The term is generally used only to describe systems that serve as loops or feeder systems, but is sometimes applied to considerably more complex automated systems. Similar to monorails,Bombardier Innovia APM technology uses only one rail to guide the vehicle along the guideway. APMs are common at airports and effective at helping passengers quickly reach their gates. Several elevated APM systems at airports including thePHX Sky Train at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport;AeroTrain at Kuala Lumpur International Airport; and the Tracked Shuttle System atLondon Gatwick Airport, United Kingdom.
The elevated Airport line of Kolkata Suburban Railway, closed in 2016 for reconstruction relating Kolkata Metro line 4
Line 3 Scarborough, a medium capacity metro rail line in Toronto, Ontario, Canada (ceased operation in July 2023 due to derailment and age, will be replaced by an extension ofLine 2)
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