| Eleonora's falcon | |
|---|---|
_in_flight_3.jpg) | |
| Over the cliffs nearEpiskopi in Cyprus | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Falconiformes |
| Family: | Falconidae |
| Genus: | Falco |
| Species: | F. eleonorae |
| Binomial name | |
| Falco eleonorae Géné, 1839 | |
 | |
| Migration routes of Eleonora's falcon | |
Eleonora's falcon (Falco eleonorae) is a medium-sizedfalcon. It belongs to thehobby group, a rather close-knit number of similar falcons often considered asubgenusHypotriorchis. Thesooty falcon is sometimes considered its closest relative, but while they certainly belong to the same lineage, they do not seem to be closesister species.[2][3] The English name and the species nameeleonorae commemorateEleanor of Arborea, Queen or Lady-Judge (Juighissa) and national heroine ofSardinia, who in 1392, under the jurisdiction conferred by theCarta de Logu, became the first ruler in history to grant protection to hawk and falcon nests against illegal hunters.[4][5][6] The genus nameFalco is from Late Latinfalx,falcis, asickle, referring to the claws of the bird.[7]
Eleonora's falcon is abird of prey, 36–42 cm (14–17 in) long with an 87–104 cm (34–41 in) wingspan. It is shaped like a largeEurasian hobby or a small slenderperegrine falcon, with its long pointed wings, long tail and slim body.
There are two colourmorphs: The adult dark morph is all sooty brown, with black underwingcoverts. The light morph is more like a juvenile Eurasian hobby, but has buff underparts, and also shows the contrast between the black underwing coverts and paler base to the flight feathers. Young birds are also like a large juvenile hobby, but the pale underparts contrast with darker wingtips and wing coverts. Thecall is a typical falconkek-kek-kek.
This species breeds onislands in theMediterranean particularly offGreece (where two-thirds of the world's population breeds), but also inCyprus, theCanary Islands,Ibiza and offSpain,Italy,Croatia,Morocco andAlgeria.Tilos in theDodecanese is the breeding area for 10% of the world population of Eleonora's falcons. Six hundred fifty pairs of this speciesbreed on this island according to research conducted by the Hellenic Ornithological Society and the European Union LIFE-Nature program of Tilos. It is rare as a vagrant north of its range. It also lives on the coast of Madagascar and Mozambique.
This is a long-distancemigrant, wintering inMadagascar. The migration route has been recently discovered and, contrary to previous suggestions, it has been demonstrated by satellite telemetry to be inland through the African continent. Traditionally it has been suggested to be coastal, with birds from the western end of the Mediterranean flying toSuez before flying south down theRed Sea, and across the Horn of Africa. However, recent satellite tracked animals by Spanish and German researchers have demonstrated an inland route through theSahara Desert, the equatorial rainforests until reaching Kenya and Mozambique. The total distance covered during the flight has reached up to 9,000 km (5,600 mi) for a single one-way trip.
It will take largeinsects, such asdragonflies, which are transferred from talons to beak and eaten in flight. It has also been recently observed catching and imprisoning small birds, removing their flight feathers and feeding them, sometimes days later, to their young. This is unique among bird species.[8] Occasionally, it was observed as feeding onbats.[9]
This species has a delayed breeding season, in late summer, because it is a specialist hunter ofmigrating birds which pass through the Mediterranean islands at this time of year. It captures small birds in flight, using its speed and aerobatic skills. Birds spend much time cruising along coastal cliffs with steady wingbeats watching for tired incoming migrants.[10] During a fieldwork study inMogador Island,Morocco, researchers found that Eleonora's falcons are imprisoning live prey in rock crevices for later consumption.[11] This falcon is unique in that it is one of the few species that breeds during early autumn, feeding its chicks with other migratory birds that are in abundance that period. It is also one of the few falcon species that creates breeding colonies. It nests on coastal cliffs, laying up to foureggs.
.jpg)
_in_flight_composite.jpg)
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
