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Elections were held on municipal, provincial, republican and federal levels inYugoslavia from its foundation in 1918 throughoutits breakup in 1992.
First elections in the Kingdom were for theProvisional Popular Legislature of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (these were preceded by local elections of National Councils in formerAustria-Hungary, including the elections inVojvodina andMontenegro for local parliaments). Parliamentary elections were held in1920,1923,1925 and1927, while with the new constitution ade facto Lower and Upper House were introduced in 1931 (the Senate next to the National Assembly). The1931 elections were not free, as they were handled under asingle-course dictatorship, while the1935 and1938 were held under limited basic democratic principles.[citation needed]
The country wasoccupied and broken up by theAxis powers in 1941. After the war, the first,1945 parliamentary election was held between two political options – theCommunist Party of Yugoslavia-dominatedPeople's Front, which was a coalition of nearly all major pre-war parties, and its opposition. This was the first time that Yugoslavia introducedwomen's right to vote. Having run nearly unopposed in that election, CPY promulgateda new Constitution in 1946 that abolishedthe monarchy and transformed the country intoa federal republic. The Communist Party henceforth consolidated its power, endedmulti-party elections, and established aone-party state.[1]
Candidates in subsequent elections were proposed only by the People's Front of Yugoslavia as formallynon-partisan candidates. Originally, only one candidate was proposed to theelectorate. Thesecond parliamentary election in theFPRY was held in 1950. A new Federal Electoral Law was introduced on September 9, 1953, and it defined electoral units, the number of deputies in individual republics' parliaments, the candidate requirements (excluding party affiliation), etc. The number of candidates proposed to the electorate was also permitted to exceed one, allowing for competitive elections.[1] This kind of elections were held in1953,1958,1963,1969,1974,1978,1982,1986, and1989.
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From 1974 to the dissolution of the country from 1990 to 1992, theAssembly was bicameral and was made up of a Federal Council and a Republican Council elected to four-year terms.
The Federal Council was elected by a complicated indirect delegate system through the popular frontSocialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia.[2] The Federal Council was composed of 220 members. Its members were elected from the six republics (with 30 members each) and the two autonomous provinces (with 20 members each).
The Republican Council was composed of 88 members. Its members were elected from the six republics' assemblies (with 12 members each) and the two autonomous provinces' assemblies (with 8 members each). The deputies would then serve double mandates in their own assemblies and the Republican Council.
After elections an initial joint session of both councils of the Assembly would vote in a newFederal Executive Council, which also functioned on a four-year term.
Regular federal elections set for 1990 were never held before the country dissolved. Over the course of 1990 each constituent republic adopted democratic constitutions which allowed for political parties other than theLeague of Communists, and subsequently held multi-party elections. Due to the complicated political system, a new democratic electoral system could not be agreed upon by the Presidency (representing the republics, some of which were openly campaigning for independence and whose interest in Yugoslav reform was moot), the Executive Council (which had dissenting internal opinion about reform), and the Assembly itself which was made up of the old communist cadre.
| Year | Federal Council | Republican Council | Federal Presidency | Federal Executive Council | Central Committee CPY/LCY |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1974 | 16 March-29 April | -10 May | 15 May | 15 May | 27–30 May (X) |
| 1978 | 10 March-29 April | -10 May | 15 May | 20–23 June (XI) | |
| 1979 | 15 May | ||||
| 1982 | 10 March-21 April | -10 May | 15 May | 26–29 June (XII) | |
| 1984 | 15 May | ||||
| 1986 | 10 March-21 April | -10 May | 15 May | 25–28 June (XIII) | |
| 1989 | 15 May | 16 March | |||
| 1990 | Not held | Not held | 20-22 January (XIV) |
With thefall of communism, amulti-party system was reintroduced in 1990. These were held in each of the constituent republics:
According to results, support for the former member parties of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia on the federal level at that point was between 35 and 40%.[citation needed]
Serbia andMontenegro remained together after thebreakup of Yugoslavia andkept its name until 2003, with the last remnant of Yugoslavia ending uponMontenegro's independence in 2006.
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| Upper house elections | |
| Local elections | |
