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Switzerland elects on national level a collectivehead of state, theFederal Council, and alegislature, theFederal Assembly.
TheFederal Assembly (German:Bundesversammlung; French:Assemblée fédérale; Italian:Assemblea federale; Romansh:Assamblea federala) has twochambers. TheNational Council (German:Nationalrat; French:Conseil national; Italian:Consiglio nazionale; Romansh:Cussegl naziunal) has 200 members, elected for a four-year term byproportional representation in multi-seatconstituencies, the cantons.
TheCouncil of States (German:Ständerat; French:Conseil des Etats; Italian:Consiglio degli Statil Romansh:Cussegl dals Stadis) has 46 members, elected for four years in 20 two-seat (for full cantons) and 6 single-seat (for half-cantons) constituencies.
Under theSwiss Federal Constitution, the mode of election to the Council of States is left to the cantons, the provision being that it must be a democratic method. All cantons now provide for the councilors to be chosen by popular election, although historically it was typically the cantons' legislatures that elected representatives to Bern.
Despite this freedom the Constitution provides the cantons, with the exception of the cantons ofNeuchâtel andJura (which useproportional representation to elect their councilors), councilors are elected through an up totwo-round system of voting. In the first round of voting, candidates must obtain anabsolute majority of the vote in order to be elected. If no candidate receives an absolute majority in the first round of voting then a second round is held in which asimple plurality is sufficient to be elected. The top two finishing candidates in the second round are elected.[1]
One of the members of the Federal Council assumes the honorific title of President of the Confederation for a one-year term.
Elections to the National Council conclude on the penultimate Sunday of October. In most cantons, the first round of the election for the Council of States is held alongside the National Council election, while runoff stages are held 3 to 6 weeks later. The new Federal Assembly takes office at the start of the following year.
Switzerland has amulti-party system with numerousparties. A highly unique characteristic of Switzerland is that allexecutives, from the federal level to even the smallest town at the municipal level, are led by acollective body of individuals (versus a singlePresident orPrime Minister as in other countries). These executives often include members from severalpolitical parties.
Federal elections were held in Switzerland on 22 October 2023 to elect all members of the National Council and Council of States (first round). There was a second round for the Council of States on 12 and 19 November. The elections were followed byelections to the Federal Council, Switzerland's government and collegial presidency, on 13 December.
 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | ||
| Swiss People's Party | 713,471 | 27.93 | 62 | +9 | ||
| Social Democratic Party | 466,714 | 18.27 | 41 | +2 | ||
| The Liberals | 364,053 | 14.25 | 28 | −1 | ||
| The Centre | 359,075 | 14.06 | 29 | +1 | ||
| Green Party | 249,891 | 9.78 | 23 | −5 | ||
| Green Liberal Party | 192,944 | 7.55 | 10 | −6 | ||
| Evangelical People's Party | 49,828 | 1.95 | 2 | −1 | ||
| Federal Democratic Union | 31,513 | 1.23 | 2 | +1 | ||
| Swiss Party of Labour | 18,435 | 0.72 | 0 | −1 | ||
| Ticino League | 14,160 | 0.55 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Geneva Citizens' Movement | 13,019 | 0.51 | 2 | +2 | ||
| Left-Alternative Greens | 4,343 | 0.17 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Christian Social Party | 2,397 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Swiss Democrats | 2,030 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Other parties | 72,609 | 2.84 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Total | 2,554,482 | 100.00 | 200 | – | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 46.6 | +1.5 | ||||
| Source:FSO | ||||||
31 of the 46 seats of the Council of States were filled in the first round, on 22 October 2023, with the remaining 15 seats filled in the second round, on 12 and 19 November.
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| Party | Seats | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st round | 2nd round | Total | ||
| The Centre | 10 | 5 | 15 | |
| The Liberals | 9 | 2 | 11 | |
| Social Democratic Party | 5 | 4 | 9 | |
| Swiss People's Party | 4 | 2 | 6 | |
| Green Party | 3 | 3 | ||
| Geneva Citizens' Movement | 1 | 1 | ||
| Green Liberal Party | 1 | 1 | ||
| Total | 31 | 15 | 46 | |
| Source:FSO | ||||
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