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 Politics portal |
Mongolia elects itshead of state—thePresident of Mongolia—at the national level. The president is elected for a six-year term by the people, using thetwo-round system. TheState Great Khural (Ulsyn Ikh Khural,State Great Assembly) has 126 members (reform in 2023), originally elected for a four-year term from single-seatconstituencies. Due to the voting system, Mongolia experienced extreme shifts in the composition of the parliament after the 1996, 2000, and 2004 elections, so it has changed to a system in which some seats are filled on the basis of votes for local candidates, and some on the basis of nationwide party preference totals. Beginning in 2008, local candidates were elected from 26 electoral districts. Beginning with the 2012 elections, aparallel system was enacted, combining a district part and a nationwide proportional part. 48 seats are chosen at the local level in 26 districts with 1-3 seats usingPlurality-at-large voting. 28 seats are chosen from nationwideclosedparty lists using theLargest remainder method. In the district seats, a candidate is required to get at least 28% of the vote cast in a district to be elected. If there are seats that are not filled due to this threshold, a runoff election is held in the respective district with twice the number of representatives as there are seats to be filled, between the top vote-getters of the first round.[1][2] Mongolia also holds local elections in October of the same year, with 8031 seats across 2395 constituencies in all 9 districts, 21 provinces, and 331 sums (county) and Citizen Representative Khural (local governing councils) inMajoritarian system.[3]
Polls opened at 07:00 in 2,087 polling stations across the country for the 2.1 million registered voters, with special measures in place due to theCOVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia. Voting ended at 22:00. Khürelsükh and Erdene voted inUlaanbaatar while Enkhbat tested positive for COVID-19 and voted in hospital.[4]
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh | Mongolian People's Party | 823,326 | 72.02 | |
| Dangaasürengiin Enkhbat | Right Person Electorate Coalition | 246,968 | 21.60 | |
| Sodnomzunduin Erdene | Democratic Party | 72,832 | 6.37 | |
| Total | 1,143,126 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 1,143,126 | 94.08 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 71,937 | 5.92 | ||
| Total votes | 1,215,063 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,049,379 | 59.29 | ||
| Source:GEC,IFES | ||||
| Subdivision | Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh MPP | Dangaasürengiin Enkhbat RPEC | Sodnomzunduin Erdene DP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |
| Aimags of Mongolia | ||||||
| Arkhangai | 23,870 | 69.85% | 3,046 | 8.91% | 6,186 | 18.10% |
| Bayan-Ölgii | 29,474 | 81.53% | 1,616 | 4.47% | 2,636 | 7.29% |
| Bayankhongor | 23,522 | 74.60% | 2,507 | 7.95% | 1,898 | 6.02% |
| Bulgan | 17,825 | 78.34% | 2,290 | 10.06% | 1,401 | 6.16% |
| Govi-Altai | 18,336 | 84.60% | 1,640 | 7.57% | 1,099 | 5.07% |
| Govisümber | 5,032 | 76.87% | 846 | 12.92% | 414 | 6.32% |
| Dornogovi | 20,434 | 74.62% | 4,336 | 15.83% | 1,476 | 5.39% |
| Dornod | 21,291 | 73.98% | 4,292 | 14.91% | 1,433 | 4.98% |
| Dundgovi | 12,786 | 79.06% | 1,726 | 10.67% | 856 | 5.29% |
| Zavkhan | 22,058 | 76.21% | 3,220 | 11.12% | 1,915 | 6.62% |
| Övörkhangai | 32,879 | 79.32% | 4,284 | 10.33% | 1,915 | 4.62% |
| Ömnögovi | 17,870 | 74.16% | 3,170 | 13.16 | 1,625 | 6.74% |
| Sükhbaatar | 23,215 | 87.28% | 1,356 | 5.10% | 880 | 3.31% |
| Selenge | 25,149 | 69.93% | 5,901 | 16.41% | 2,401 | 6.68% |
| Töv | 26,481 | 78.38% | 4,073 | 12.05% | 1,560 | 4.62% |
| Uvs | 23,642 | 77.49% | 2,689 | 8.81% | 1,063 | 3.48% |
| Khovd | 24,366 | 73.96% | 4,176 | 12.68% | 3,349 | 10.17% |
| Khövsgöl | 32,931 | 68.11% | 7,937 | 16.42% | 4,901 | 10.14% |
| Khentii | 26,356 | 82.52% | 2,393 | 7.49% | 2,361 | 7.39% |
| Darkhan-Uul | 24,714 | 67.46% | 7,764 | 21.19% | 1,628 | 4.44% |
| Orkhon | 27,408 | 68.94% | 7,962 | 20.03% | 1,530 | 3.85% |
| Düüregs ofUlaanbaatar | ||||||
| Khan-Uul | 55,183 | 68.67% | 27,890 | 34.70% | 4,063 | 5.06% |
| Baganuur | 7,940 | 72.43% | 1,920 | 17.52% | 670 | 6.11% |
| Bagakhangai | 1,492 | 84.53% | 155 | 8.78% | 65 | 3.68% |
| Bayanzürkh | 82,796 | 59.32% | 42,414 | 30.39% | 5,627 | 4.03% |
| Nalaikh | 10,309 | 72.51% | 2,570 | 18.08% | 667 | 4.69% |
| Sükhbaatar | 32,710 | 56.74% | 18,090 | 31.38% | 3,193 | 5.54% |
| Chingeltei | 35,830 | 61.69% | 15,680 | 27.00% | 2,757 | 4.75% |
| Bayangol | 48,954 | 52.61% | 30,249 | 32.51% | 8,361 | 8.99% |
| Songino Khairkhan | 79,244 | 67.34% | 26,692 | 22.68% | 4,742 | 4.03% |
| Overseas | 1,175 | 21.10% | 4,084 | 73.35% | 160 | 2.87% |
| Total | 823,326 | 67.76% | 246,968 | 20.33% | 72,832 | 5.99% |
Preliminary results showed the ruling Mongolia People's Party had won a narrow and reduced majority[5] in the Khural, which allowed Prime MinisterLuvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene to publicly claim victory. The Democratic Party also gained 42 seats, an increase from the 2020 election.[6] The full official results were presented by the GEC on 1 July 2024.[7]
 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Constituency | Proportional | Total seats | +/– | |||||
| Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
| Mongolian People's Party | 3,619,950 | 38.65 | 50 | 509,482 | 35.01 | 18 | 68 | +6 | |
| Democratic Party | 3,135,988 | 33.48 | 26 | 438,506 | 30.13 | 16 | 42 | +31 | |
| HUN Party | 636,648 | 6.80 | 2 | 151,111 | 10.38 | 6 | 8 | +7 | |
| National Coalition | 291,166 | 3.11 | 0 | 75,196 | 5.17 | 4 | 4 | New | |
| Civil Will–Green Party | 269,582 | 2.88 | 0 | 73,006 | 5.02 | 4 | 4 | +4 | |
| New United Coalition | 255,871 | 2.73 | 0 | 69,682 | 4.79 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| Truth and Right Party | 208,717 | 2.23 | 0 | 40,783 | 2.80 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| Civil Movement Party | 153,624 | 1.64 | 0 | 20,443 | 1.40 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| Republican Party | 116,561 | 1.24 | 0 | 19,635 | 1.35 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| Civic Unity Party | 86,083 | 0.92 | 0 | 13,733 | 0.94 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| People's Power Party | 106,688 | 1.14 | 0 | 10,614 | 0.73 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| Good Democratic Citizens United Party | 42,961 | 0.46 | 0 | 6,104 | 0.42 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| Motherland Party | 52,803 | 0.56 | 0 | 5,621 | 0.39 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| Liberte Party | 45,730 | 0.49 | 0 | 4,738 | 0.33 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| People's Majority Governance Party | 30,760 | 0.33 | 0 | 3,619 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| For the Mongolian People Party | 35,183 | 0.38 | 0 | 3,461 | 0.24 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| Mongolian Liberal Democratic Party | 232 | 0.00 | 0 | 2,820 | 0.19 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| United Patriots Party | 213 | 0.00 | 0 | 2,168 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Mongolian Social Democratic Party | 7,789 | 0.08 | 0 | 1,531 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Mongol Conservative Party | 21,177 | 0.23 | 0 | 1,485 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| Freedom Implementing Party | 26,256 | 0.28 | 0 | 1,450 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Independents | 222,957 | 2.38 | 0 | 0 | –1 | ||||
| Total | 9,366,939 | 100.00 | 78 | 1,455,188 | 100.00 | 48 | 126 | +50 | |
| Valid votes | 1,455,188 | 99.68 | |||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 4,642 | 0.32 | |||||||
| Total votes | 1,459,830 | 100.00 | |||||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,089,935 | – | 2,089,935 | 69.85 | |||||
| Source:Ikon,Ikon,Parliament | |||||||||
State Great Khural elections (Mongolian:Улсын Их Хурлын сонгууль) are conducted every four years, usually being held in late June or early July. Theunicameral State Great Khural is made up of 126 members of parliament, elected for a four-year term.[10] Parliamentary electoral systems varies due to Mongolia's frequent amendment of election laws. Since the 2023 constitutional amendments that increased parliamentary seats from 76 to 126, Mongolia's current electoral system has been amixedmajoritarian-proportional system, with 78 majoritarian-elected members and 48 proportianally-elected members.[11]Closed party lists must adhere to thezipper system, where 50% of the list are female and 50% male. Prior to 2024, Mongolia had previously held its first parliamentary election using amixed electoral system in 2012, where 48 MPs were elected viaplurality block voting and 28 via proportional allocation.
Mongolia has amulti-party system with two dominant political parties—theMongolian People's Party and theDemocratic Party. Other third parties have been represented in the State Great Khural, with the most notable third party being the MPP-splinterMongolian People's Revolutionary Party from 2010 until its dissolution in 2021.[12] Currently, Mongolia's third largest party has been theHUN Party since 2021.
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