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| Egyptian National Police الشرطة الوطنية المصرية | |
|---|---|
 Egyptian Police logo | |
 Egyptian Police flag | |
| Common name | الشرطة (El shorta) |
| Abbreviation | ENP/EGP |
| Motto | Police in the service of the people (Arabic:الشرطة في خدمة الشعب,el shorta fe khdmat el alshab) Police of the people (Arabic:شرطة الشعب,shortat alsha'b) Counter-terrorism and hostage rescueCombat all types of crimesMaintaining public health Achieve the tranquility of the citizen |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | 1805 |
| Employees | 500,000 - 1,000,000 |
| Annual budget | $1.9 Billion Dollars |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| National agency | EG |
| Operations jurisdiction | EG |
| Size | 1,011,000 |
| Population | 111,779,000 |
| Governing body | Ministry of Interior |
| General nature | |
| Operational structure | |
| Overseen by | Government of Egypt |
| Headquarters | Cairo,Egypt |
| Agency executive |
|
| Website | |
| www | |
Egyptian National Police orENP is the national police force ofEgypt responsible forlaw enforcement. It is a department in theMinistry of Interior.
TheMinistry of Interior divides the functions of the police and public security among four Deputy Ministers of Interior while the Minister of Interior himself retained responsibility forNational Security (Qitaa' al-amn al-watani),[1] investigations and overall organization.
There are four Deputy Ministers:
TheEgyptian National Police (ENP) is structured into a hierarchical and geographically distributed system that ensures national coverage and efficient command. The police force operates under the authority of theMinistry of Interior and is organized at multiple regional levels to manage law enforcement across the country.
Egypt is divided into27 governorates (muhafazat), and each governorate has its ownPolice Directorate, headed by aDirector of Security. This director is responsible for all police operations within the governorate, including crime prevention, investigations, traffic control, and civil defense.
Each governorate is subdivided intodistricts (markaz), which containurban precincts and rural police stations. These smaller units report to the governorate’s Police Directorate and handle:
In addition to general law enforcement,specialized units are deployed regionally to respond to specific threats and maintain public order:
Although part of the Ministry of Interior, theCentral Security Forces are deployed regionally and support the ENP during:
All of the commissioned officers were graduates of thePolice Academy atCairo where after high school, they had to complete four years at the academy, or after College degree, completing a period of 12 to 18 months. The Police Academy is a modern institution equipped with laboratory and physical-training facilities. The police force also sent some officers abroad for schooling.
The Police Academy offers a four-year program which includes: security administration,criminal investigation,military drills, civil defense,fire fighting,forensic medicine, communications,cryptology,first aid,sociology,anatomy, and foreign languages (French andEnglish). Also included are: political orientation,public relations, and military subjects (such as infantry and cavalry training),marksmanship, leadership, and field exercises. Graduates receive abachelor of police studies degree and are commissionedlieutenants, while those who held degrees from other colleges are commissioned as first lieutenants.
Advanced officer training was given at the academy's Institute for Advanced Police Studies, completion of which was required for advancement beyond the rank oflieutenant colonel. The academy's three-month course for enlisted personnel is conducted in a military atmosphere but emphasizes police methods and techniques.
Some police officers, especially the special operations officers, are well trained by theEgyptian Armed Forces in Al-Sa'ka Military School.
Egyptian police rank insignia are the same as those used by the Egyptian Army. Commissioned police ranks resemblethose of the Egyptian Army. The highest-ranking Egyptian police officer is amajor General and officer ranks descend only to first lieutenant. Enlisted police ranks includemaster sergeant,sergeant,corporal, andprivate.
| Officers rank insignia of the Egyptian Police | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lieutenant | First Lieutenant | Captain | Major | Lieutenant Colonel | Colonel | Brigadier | Major General | |
| Arabic:ملازم | Arabic:ملازم أول | Arabic:نقيب | Arabic:رائد | Arabic:مقدم | Arabic:عقيد | Arabic:عميد | Arabic:لواء | |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
Egyptian police uniforms are similar to the Egyptian Army's service uniform for the ground forces, which iskhaki drill cotton. However, enlisted police personnel wear a black woolbush jacket and trousers in the winter and a white cotton bush jacket andtrousers in the summer. Certain police personnel also wear a blue or blackberet.
Egyptian law enforcement police officers generally carry either theM&P357,CZ 75B orGlock pistol when on regular duty, however, heavy arms are always available at police stations. These includesubmachine guns,assault rifles,shotguns andcarbines, while special units may also have additional weapons likeFlash bang and stingertear gas grenades,H&K USP series andSIG Sauer seriespistols,Heckler & Koch MP5,Heckler & Koch UMP andFN P90 submachine guns,M14 rifle, theRemington 700P and some.50 caliber sniper rifles.[2][citation needed]
The Tourism and Antiquities Police cover tourist destinations like historical sites, museums, hotels, etc. Places such as theGreat Pyramid ofGiza,MemphisGiza,Egyptian Museum, etc. inCairo,Alexandria –Qaitbay Citadel and theSerapium Temple andPompey's Pillar, etc., going through all cities in Egypt carrying same weapons as law enforcement police.[citation needed]
Unlike in many other countries, the Egyptian police extensively useSUVs. The Egyptian producedJeep vehicle used to be the most common police car in Egypt but in recent years, other similar vehicles have also come into police use. SUVs are known for their capabilities to move around in any sort of terrain. Depending upon the location, the police vehicles may have individual revolving lights (strobe lights) orlight bars,sirens etc. An extensive modernisation drive has ensured that these vehicles are equipped with wireless sets in communication with a central control room. Traffic Police vehicles generally also have equipment like speedradars, breath analysers and emergencyfirst aid kits. Color schemes of police vehicles vary according to their location and which directorate they belong to.
For traffic regulation and patrolling in cities,motorcycles are also used. This is because of increasing congestion in cities where the heavier bikes would prove to be unwieldy when compared to the nimbler handling the newer bikes were capable of. The bikes are provided with two-way radios, strobes and sirens and are generally painted white. Some cities make use ofsedans as patrol vehicles or high speed 'interceptors' on highways. Of late, the various police forces are on a modernisation drive, upgrading and revamping their fleet with new vehicles.
The police in Egypt lost some prestige during the2011 Revolution. According to one source (csmonitor.org), the Egyptian police, "once feared by civilians, are now seen as leftover elements of Mubarak's regime and treated with little respect. Pulled off the streets after violently cracking down on protests in January, they are now trying to reshape their role in the post-Mubarak Egypt."[3]Police brutality is credited with being one of the causes of the revolution,[4] and as of June 2011 several police officers are being tried for the killing of "hundreds of demonstrators" during the revolution. According to government statistics, 90 police stations have been burnt since the start of the revolution.[3] The government has taken steps to address public concerns and police demoralization.[3]In response to a planned July 8 rally protesting the release on bail of police accused of murdering protesters during the revolution, interim interior ministerMansour el-Essawy promised to purge up to 700 corrupt senior police officers. However protesters complained that five months after the revolution where almost 1000 people were killed, only one officer has been convicted of wrongdoing and he has not yet been incarcerated.[5]
Mass demonstrations took place for and against PresidentMohamed Morsi on 30 June 2013, marking the one-year anniversary of Mohamed Morsi's inauguration. The police, along with the military, had made it clear that they were with anti-government protestors by carrying out acoup d'état on 3 July.
TheAugust 2013 Rabaa massacre by police to remove pro-government protesters from sit-ins being held inRabaa Al-Adawiya and Al-Nahda Square in support of PresidentMohamed Morsi resulted in rapidly escalating violence that eventually led to the death of over 900 people, with at least 3,994 injured.[6] The police attempted to defend their actions by claiming to disperse the sit-ins with the least possible damage.[7]
According to writerAhdaf Soueif, since 2005 the police have routinely grabbed women protesters and torn "their clothes off and beat them, groping them at the same time. The idea was to insinuate that females who took part in street protests wanted to be groped." To protect against this, many female protesters wear "layers of light clothing, no buttons,drawstring pants double-knotted".[8]
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