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Edward D. Thalmann

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American hyperbaric medicine specialist and decompression researcher

Edward Deforest Thalmann
Edward D. Thalmann, MD, expert in hyperbaric medicine
Born	(1945-04-03)April 3, 1945 Jersey City, New Jersey
Died	July 24, 2004(2004-07-24) (aged 59) Durham, North Carolina
Allegiance	United States
Branch	United States Navy
Years of service	1971–1993
Rank	Captain
Awards	Legion of Merit Meritorious Service Medal Navy Unit Commendation Navy and Marine Corps Meritorious Unit Commendation withservice star National Defense Service Medal with service star Navy and Marine Corps Overseas Service Ribbon with service star
Relations	Alexander E. Thalmann (nephew)
Other work	Naval Medical Research Institute Duke University Divers Alert Network

Capt.Edward Deforest Thalmann,USN (ret.) (April 3, 1945 – July 24, 2004) was an Americanhyperbaric medicine specialist who was principally responsible for developing the current United States Navydive tables formixed-gas diving, which are based on his eponymousThalmann Algorithm (VVAL18).^[1] At the time of his death, Thalmann was serving as assistant medical director of theDivers Alert Network (DAN) and an assistant clinical professor inanesthesiology atDuke University'sCenter for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology.^[2]

Education

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Thalmann graduated in 1962 fromSayreville War Memorial High School inSayreville, New Jersey.^[3] He attended theRensselaer Polytechnic Institute, graduating in 1966 with a bachelor of science degree.^[4] He attended medical school atGeorgetown University in Washington, D.C. From 1970 to 1971, Thalmann was a surgical intern at theRoyal Victoria Hospital inMontreal, Quebec. It was there that he met his future wife, a nursing graduate.

While on active duty, from 1975 to 1977, Thalmann conducted a two-year postdoctoral fellowship under the guidance ofClaes Lundgren andHermann Rahn, at theState University of New York at Buffalo, studying the effects of immersion andbreathing bag placement inrebreathers on underwater exercise.^[2]

Naval career

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Thalmann served as Chief Medical Officer on board the ballistic missile submarineUSS Thomas Jefferson for a single deployment, from 1971 to 1972 before being posted as a research diving medical officer at theUnited States Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU) at theWashington Navy Yard, where he was stationed until 1975.

Following his post-doctoral fellowship inBuffalo, in 1977, Thalmann returned to NEDU, now located inPanama City, Florida, as Assistant Senior Medical Officer, where he began developing new dive tables and mixed-gas diving techniques.^[5]^[2] While at NEDU, Thalmann created a number of unique and innovative underwater exercise devices, still in use today, intended to assist in gauging the underwater endurance of divers using various gas mixtures while performing physically demanding tasks.^[6]

In 1985, Thalmann, at that time the Senior Medical Officer at NEDU, was selected for the NATO Undersea Medicine Personnel Exchange Program and assigned to the Royal NavyInstitute of Naval Medicine,Alverstoke,United Kingdom. There he continued development of a new decompression table and worked on improving undersea thermal protection garments. Upon the conclusion of his exchange tour in 1987, Thalmann returned to Bethesda to serve as the commander of theNaval Medical Research Institute's diving medicine and physiology research division.

Civilian career

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Following his retirement from the Navy in 1993, Thalmann stayed on at NMRI as a senior scientist in decompression research.^[7] In July 1994 took a position inDurham, North Carolina at Duke's Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology and later accepted a simultaneous position as the Assistant Medical Director of DAN in 1995.

Thalmann died on July 24, 2004, in Durham, due to congestive heart failure, at the age of 59. He was committed to the sea on August 31, 2004, with services conducted aboardUSS Maryland, anOhio-class submarine, off the coast ofKings Bay,Georgia at30°57′00″N79°53′30″W / 30.95000°N 79.89167°W /30.95000; -79.89167.^[8]

Contributions to hyperbaric medicine

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Based on scientific studies of gas exchange in human tissues, further informed by his supervision of hundreds of experimental dives, Thalmann developed his namesake mathematical algorithm to protect divers fromdecompression sickness. TheThalmann algorithm was the basis for a new set ofdecompression tables that provided more flexibility for diving time, depth, gas mixtures and pressures. The algorithm was also used for developing wearabledive computers to manage complex individual dives. Thalmann's research ultimately improved decompression safety for military divers,recreational divers, and evenastronauts.^[7]

Awards

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Submarine Medical insignia
Legion of Merit	Meritorious Service Medal		Navy Unit Commendation
Meritorious Unit Commendation withstar	National Defense Service Medal with star		Navy and Marine Corps Overseas Service Ribbon with star
Diving Medical Officer badge		SSBN Deterrent Patrol insignia

Publications

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Refereed journals

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Raymond, L. W.; J. H. Crothers; G. Lindgren; E. D. Thalmann; W. H. Spaur; W. R. Braithwaite; H. C. Langworthy; T. E. Berghage (1973). "Indirect calorimetry in man in helium-oxygen at 50 atmospheres pressure".Clin. Res.21 (4): 848.
Raymond, L. W.; E. D. Thalmann; G. Lindgren; H. C. Langworthy; W. H. Spaur; J. H. Crothers; W. R. Braithwaite; Berghage, T. E. (1975)."Thermal homeostasis of resting man in helium-oxygen at 1-50 atmospheres absolute".Undersea Biomed. Res.2 (1):51–67.ISSN 0093-5387.OCLC 2068005.PMID 1181708. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Berghage, T. E.; L. E. Lash; W. R. Braithwaite; E. D. Thalmann (1975)."Intentional tremor on a helium-oxygen chamber dive to 49.5 ATA".Undersea Biomed. Res.2 (3):215–22.ISSN 0093-5387.OCLC 2068005.PMID 15622740. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Spaur, W. H.; L. W. Raymond; M. M. Knott; J. H. Crothers; W. R. Braithwaite; E. D. Thalmann; D. F. Uddin (1977)."Dyspnea in divers at 49.5 ATA: Mechanical, not chemical in origin".Undersea Biomed. Res.4 (2):183–98.ISSN 0093-5387.OCLC 2068005.PMID 878071. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Raymond, L. W.; W. H. Spaur; E. D. Thalmann (1978)."Prevention of divers' ear".Br Med J.1 (6104): 48.doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6104.48-d.PMC 1602449.PMID 620150.
Spaur, W. H.; E. D. Thalmann; E. T. Flynn; J. L. Zumrick; T. W.Reedy; J. M. Ringleberg (1978)."Development of unlimited duration excursion tables and procedures for helium-oxygen saturation diving".Undersea Biomed. Res.5 (2):159–177.ISSN 0093-5387.OCLC 2068005.PMID 675881. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Thalmann, E. D.; D. K. Sponholtz; C. E. G. Lundgren (1978)."Chamber-based system for physiological monitoring of submerged exercising subjects".Undersea Biomed. Res.5 (3):293–300.ISSN 0093-5387.OCLC 2068005.PMID 705946. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Van Liew, H. D.; E. D. Thalmann; D. K. Sponholtz (1979)."Diffusion-dependence of pulmonary gas mixing at 5.5 and 9.5 ATA".Undersea Biomed. Res.6 (3):251–258.ISSN 0093-5387.OCLC 2068005.PMID 524527. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Thalmann, E. D.; D. K. Sponholtz; C. E. G. Lundgren (1979)."Effects of immersion and static lung loading on submerged exercise at depth".Undersea Biomed. Res.6 (3):259–290.ISSN 0093-5387.OCLC 2068005.PMID 524528. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Piantadosi, C. A.; R. L. Clinton; E. D. Thalmann (1979)."Prolonged oxygen exposures in immersed exercising divers at 25 fsw (1.76 ATA)".Undersea Biomed. Res.6 (4):347–356.ISSN 0093-5387.OCLC 2068005.PMID 538863. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Piantadosi, C. A.; E. D. Thalmann (1980). "Thermal responses in humans exposed to cold hyperbaric helium-oxygen".J. Appl. Physiol.49 (6):1099–1106.doi:10.1152/jappl.1980.49.6.1099.ISSN 0021-8987.OCLC 11603017.PMID 7440297.
Piantadosi, C. A.; E. D. Thalmann; W. H. Spaur (1981). "Metabolic response to respiratory heat loss and core cooling".J. Appl. Physiol.50 (4):829–830.doi:10.1152/jappl.1981.50.4.829.ISSN 0021-8987.OCLC 11603017.PMID 7263366.
Van Liew, H. D.; E. D. Thalmann; D. K. Sponholtz (1981). "Diffusive gas mixing in the lung in hyperbaric environments".Prog. Resp. Res. Progress in Respiratory Research.16:110–114.doi:10.1159/000395131.ISBN 978-3-8055-1638-9.
Van Liew, H. D.; E. D. Thalmann; D. K. Sponholtz (1981). "Hindrance to diffusive gas mixing in the lung in hyperbaric environments".J. Appl. Physiol.51 (2):243–247.doi:10.1152/jappl.1981.51.2.243.ISSN 0021-8987.OCLC 11603017.PMID 7263431.
Butler, F. K.; E. D. Thalmann (1983)."Report of an isolated mid-frequency hearing loss following inner ear barotrauma".Undersea Biomed. Res.10 (2):131–134.ISSN 0093-5387.OCLC 2068005.PMID 6612898. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Thalmann, E. D. (1983). "Phenytoin sodium in oxygen-toxicity-induced seizures".Annals of Emergency Medicine.12 (9):592–3.doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(83)80324-2.PMID 6614618.
Butler, F. K.; E. D. Thalmann (1986)."Central Nervous System Oxygen Toxicity in Closed Circuit SCUBA Divers II".Undersea Biomed. Res.13 (2):193–223.ISSN 0093-5387.OCLC 2068005.PMID 3727183. Archived from the original on August 20, 2008. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Thalmann, E. D. (1989)."Testing of revised unlimited-duration upward excursions during helium-oxygen saturation dives".Undersea Biomed. Res.16 (3):195–218.ISSN 0093-5387.OCLC 2068005.PMID 2741254. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Weathersby, P. K.; S. S. Survanshi; L. D. Homer; E. Parker; E. D. Thalmann (1992). "Predicting the time of occurrence of decompression sickness".J. Appl. Physiol.72 (4):1541–1548.doi:10.1152/jappl.1992.72.4.1541.ISSN 0021-8987.OCLC 11603017.PMID 1592748.
Stevens, D. M.; B. G. Caras; E. T. Flynn; A. J. Dutka; J. W. Thorp; E. D. Thalmann (1992)."Management of herniated intervertebral disks during saturation dives: a case report".Undersea Biomed. Res.19 (3):191–8.ISSN 0093-5387.OCLC 2068005.PMID 1534427. Archived from the original on April 16, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Joye, D. D.; J. R. Clarke; N. A. Carlson; E. D. Thalmann (1994)."Characterization and measurement of elastance with application to underwater breathing apparatus".Undersea Hyperb. Med.21 (1):53–658.ISSN 1066-2936.OCLC 26915585.PMID 8180567. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Ball, R.; J. Himm; L.D. Homer; E. D. Thalmann (1995)."Does the time course of bubble evolution explain decompression sickness risk?".Undersea Hyperb. Med.22 (3):263–280.ISSN 1066-2936.OCLC 26915585.PMID 7580767. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Jiang, Y.; L.D. Homer; E. D. Thalmann (1996)."Development and interactions of two inert gas bubbles during decompression".Undersea Hyperb. Med.23 (3):131–140.ISSN 1066-2936.OCLC 26915585.PMID 8931280. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Thalmann, E. D.; Parker E. C.; S.S. Survanshi; P. K. Weathersby (1997)."Improved probabilistic decompression model risk predictions using linear-exponential kinetics".Undersea Hyperb. Med.24 (4):255–274.ISSN 1066-2936.OCLC 26915585.PMID 9444058. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Clayton, C. E.; M. S. Carraway; H. B. Suliman; E. D. Thalmann; K. N. Thalmann; D. E. Schmechel; C. A. Piantadosi (2001). "Inhaled carbon monoxide and hyperoxic lung injury in rats".Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol.281 (4): L949–57.CiteSeerX 10.1.1.973.8872.doi:10.1152/ajplung.2001.281.4.L949.PMID 11557599.S2CID 31134015.
Pollock, N. W.; M. J. Natoli; W. A. Gerth; E. D. Thalmann; R. D. Vann (2003)."Risk of decompression sickness during exposure to high cabin altitude after diving".Aviat Space Environ Med.74 (11):1163–8.ISSN 0095-6562.PMID 14620473. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Piantadosi, C. A.; E. D. Thalmann (2004). "Pathology: whales, sonar and decompression sickness".Nature.428 (6984): 1 p following 716, discussion 2 p following 716.doi:10.1038/nature02527a.PMID 15085881.S2CID 4391838.
Vann, R. D.; W. A. Gerth; P. J. DeNoble; C. F. Pieper; E. D. Thalmann (2004)."Experimental trials to assess the risks of decompression sickness in flying after diving".Undersea Hyperb. Med.31 (4):431–44.ISSN 1066-2936.OCLC 26915585.PMID 15686274. Archived from the original on 2009-08-22. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Demchenko, I. T.; Y. I. Luchakov; A. N. Moskvin; D. R. Gutsaeva; B. W. Allen; E. D. Thalmann; C. A. Piantadosi (2005)."Cerebral blood flow and brain oxygenation in rats breathing oxygen under pressure".J Cereb Blood Flow Metab.25 (10):1288–300.doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600110.PMID 15789033.

Non-refereed journals and reports

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Thalmann, E. D. (1974)."A prophylactic program for the prevention of otitis externa in saturation divers".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.10–74. Archived from the original on August 20, 2008. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Thalmann, E. D.; M. M. Knott; J. C. Cr; et al. (1974)."Determination of the adequacy of helmet ventilation in the Navy MK 12 and MK 5 hard-hat diving apparatus".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.16–74. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Spaur, W. H.; E. D. Thalmann; R. C. Maulbeck (1978)."Carbon dioxide absorbent canister studies of the hot water heated, helium-oxygen mode, MK 12 surface-supplied diving system".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.20–78. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Spaur, W. H.; E. D. Thalmann; R. C. Maulbeck (1979)."MK 12 surface-supplied diving system helium-oxygen emergency mode study".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.8–79. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Piantadosi, C. A.; D. J. Ball; M. L. Nuckols; E. D. Thalmann (1979)."Manned evaluation of the NCSC diver thermal protection (DTP) passive system prototype".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.13–79. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Piantadosi, C. A.; E. D. Thalmann; W. H. Spaur (1980)."Improved life support capability in the MK 11 semi-closed circuit UBA by modification of the carbon dioxide absorbent canister".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.5–80. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Thalmann, E. D.; I. P. B. Buckingham; W. H. Spaur (1980)."Testing of decompression algorithms for use in the U.S. Navy underwater decompression computer (Phase I)".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.11–80. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Gray, C. G.; E. D. Thalmann. (1980)."Manned evaluation of the pre-production MK 16 underwater breathing apparatus".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.13–80. Archived from the original on April 16, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Gray, C. G.; E. D. Thalmann; R. Syklawer (1981)."United States Coast Guard emergency underwater escape rebreather evaluation".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.2–81. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Middleton, J. R.; E. D. Thalmann. (1981)."Manned evaluation of the pre-production MK 16 underwater breathing apparatus".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.3–81. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Gray, C. G.; E. D. Thalmann. (1981)."Manned evaluation of Field Change 9/85 to the MK 11 UBA CO2 absorbent canister".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.4–81. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Thalmann, E. D. (1983)."Computer algorithms used in computing the MK15/16 constant 0.7 ATA oxygen partial pressure decompression tables".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.1–83. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Jaggaers, F. R.; E. D. Thalmann. (1983)."Manned evaluation of MK 15 closed circuit UBA canister duration at 13.4 °C and 2 °C".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.6–83. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Thalmann, E. D.; F. K. Butler. (1983)."A procedure for doing multiple level dives on air using repetitive groups".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.13–83. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Thalmann, E. D. (1984)."Phase II testing of decompression algorithms for use in the U.S. Navy underwater decompression computer".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.1–84. Archived from the original on January 13, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Butler, F. K.; E. D. Thalmann. (1984)."Purging procedures for the Draeger LAR V underwater breathing apparatus".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.5–84. Archived from the original on August 20, 2008. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Butler, F. K.; E. D. Thalmann. (1984)."Oxygen Toxicity in Closed-Circuit SCUBA Divers".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.11–84. Archived from the original on August 29, 2008. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Thalmann, E. D. (1985)."Development of a Decompression Algorithm for Constant Oxygen Partial Pressure in Helium Diving".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.1–85. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Thalmann, E. D. (1985)."Air-N202 Decompression Computer Algorithm Development".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.8–85. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Thalmann, E. D. (1985). "Repetitive/Multi-Level Dive Procedures for Constant 0.7 ATA Oxygen Partial Pressure in Nitrogen Diving".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.9–85.
Presswood, C. G.; E. D. Thalmann; M. D. Curley (1986)."Test and evaluation of two prototype model underwater decompression monitors".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.10–86. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Thalmann, E. D.; R. Schedlich; J.R. Broome; P.E. Barker (1987). "Evaluation of Passive Thermal Protection Systems for Cold Water Diving".(Royal Navy) Institute of Naval Medicine Report. Alverstoke, England.25–87.
Weinberg, R. P.; E. D. Thalmann. (1990)."Effects of Hand and Foot Heating on Diver Thermal Balance".Naval Medical Research Institute Report.90–52. Archived from the original on June 13, 2008. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Albin, G.; P. Massell; E. D. Thalmann (1990). "Basic Operation and Preliminary Trials of a Detector for Stationary Gas Bubbles".Naval Medical Research Institute Report.91–39.
Thorp, J. W.; D.M. Stevens; A.J. Dutka; T.J. Doubt; E.D. Thalmann (1992). "Pyridostigmine Prophylaxis During Warm Water Diving Operations".Navy Medicine.83 (1):23–26.
Survanshi SS, Weathersby PK, Homer LD, Thalmann ED. Design of Dive Trials. In: Lang MA, Vann RD eds:AAUS Repetitive Dive Workshop. Costa Mesa, CA. American Academy of Underwater Scientists, 1992:287-292.
Weathersby, P. K.; S.S. Survanshi; R.Y. Nishi; E.D. Thalmann (1992)."Statistically based decompression tables VII: Selection and treatment of primary air and N2O2 data".Joint Report: Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory and Naval Medical Research Institute. NSMRL 1182 and NMRI 92-85. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Parker, E. C.; S.S. Survanshi; P.K. Weathersby; E.D. Thalmann (1992)."Statistically Based Decompression Tables VIII: Linear Exponential Kinetics".Naval Medical Research Institute Report.92–73. Archived from the original on January 13, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Ball, R.; J. Himm; L. D. Homer; E. D. Thalmann (1994). "A Model of Bubble Evolution During Decompression Based on a Monte Carlo Simulation of Inert Gas Diffusion".Naval Medical Research Institute Report.94–36.
Parker, E. C.; S.S. Survanshi; E.D. Thalmann; P.K. Weathersby (1996)."Statistically based decompression tables IX: probabilistic models of the role of oxygen in human decompression sickness".Naval Medical Research Institute Report.96–05. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Survanshi, S. S.; P. K. Weathersby; E. D. Thalmann (1996)."Statistically based decompression tables X: Real-time decompression algorithm using a probabilistic model".Naval Medical Research Institute Report.96–06. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Thalmann, E. D.; P. C. Kelleher; S. S. Survanshi; E. C. Parker; P. K. Weathersby (1999)."Statistically Based Decompression Tables XI: Manned Validation of the LE Probabilistic Model for Air and Nitrogen-Oxygen Diving".Naval Medical Research Institute Report.99–01. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Survanshi, S. S.; E. C. Parker; E. D. Thalmann; P. K. Weathersby (1997). "Statistically based decompression tables XII: Volume I. Repetitive decompression tables for air and constant 0.7 ata PO2 in N2 using a probabilistic model".Naval Medical Research Institute Report.97–36.
Survanshi, S. S.; E. C. Parker; E. D. Thalmann; P. K. Weathersby (1997). "Statistically based decompression tables XII: Volume II. Repetitive dive tables: Air".Naval Medical Research Institute Report.97–36.
Survanshi, S. S.; E. C. Parker; E. D. Thalmann; P. K. Weathersby (1997). "Statistically based decompression tables XII: Volume III. Exceptional exposure tables: Air".Naval Medical Research Institute Report.97–36.
Survanshi, S. S.; E. C. Parker; E. D. Thalmann; P. K. Weathersby (1997). "Statistically based decompression tables XII: Volume IV. Repetitive dive tables: 0.7 ATA PO2 in N2".Naval Medical Research Institute Report.97–36.
Survanshi, S. S.; E. C. Parker; E. D. Thalmann; P. K. Weathersby (1997). "Statistically based decompression tables XII: Volume V. Exceptional exposure tables: 0.7 ATA PO2 in N2".Naval Medical Research Institute Report.97–36.
Gerth, W. A.; E. D. Thalmann. (1998). "Vascular Effects of Underwater Low Frequency Sound in Immersed Individuals".Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory Report.
Latson, G. W.; E. T. Flynn; W. A. Gerth; E. D. Thalmann (2000)."Accelerated Decompression Using Oxygen for Submarine Rescue - Summary Report and Operational Guidance".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.11–00. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Hamilton, R. W. Jr.; E. D. Thalmann; D. J. Temple (2002)."Multi-Day Air Saturation at 20 and 22 FSW With Direct Ascent: Data Report on Project 92-09".Naval Medical Research Institute Report Report.02–01. Archived from the original on April 16, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Hamilton, R. W. Jr.; E. D. Thalmann; D. J. Temple (2002)."Surface Decompression Diving: Data Report on Protocol 90-02".Naval Medical Research Institute Report Report. ADA455075. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.
Thalmann, E. D. (2003)."Suitability of the USN MK15(VVAL18) Decompression Algorithm for Air Diving".Navy Exp. Diving Unit Res. Report.03–12. Archived from the original on April 15, 2013. Retrieved2008-03-16.

Book chapters

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Vann, R.D; E.D. Thalmann (1993). "Decompression Modeling and Physiology". In Bennett, P.B.; Elliott, D.H. (eds.).The Physiology and Medicine of Diving and Compressed Air Work (Fourth ed.). London: Bailliere Tindall.OCLC 2000230.
Thalmann, E.D., editor of Chapter 8: "Diving Medicine", in:U.S. Navy Diving Manual, Vol 1. 1984, 1993 revisions. Archived fromthe original on 2008-05-02. Retrieved2008-03-15.
Invited Reviewer for: "Treatment of decompression sickness", Chapter 13. In:Edmonds, C.; Lowry, C.; Pennefather, J. (1992).Diving and Subaquatic Medicine (Third ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.OCLC 24009565.
Thalmann, E.D. (1996). "Gas Physiology in Diving: Decompression". In Fregley, M.J.; C.M. Batteis (eds.).Handbook of Physiology, Section 4: Environmental Physiology Volume II. New York: The American Physiological Society. Oxford University Press. pp. 1012–1015.
Thalmann, E.D. (1997). "Diving Hazards". In Langley, R.L; McLymore, R.L.; Meggs, W.J.; Roberson, G.T. (eds.).Safety and Health in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries. Rockville, MD: Government Institutes.OCLC 35750471.

References

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^Southerland, D.G.; Butler, F.K. (2001). "The U.S. Navy Dive Computer".MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295). Vol. 2. pp. 900–904.doi:10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968236.ISBN 0-933957-28-9.S2CID 108869860.(subscription required)
^^a ^b ^c"Ed Thalmann, M.D., Assistant Medical Director at DAN, Dies".Divers Alert Network. 2004-07-26. Retrieved2012-10-24.
^Burkard, Tom."Yearbook—Sayreville 1962",The South Amboy – Sayreville Times, April 20, 2002. Retrieved October 1, 2015. Confirmed by Thalmann's Duke University colleagueGene Hobbs.
^"In Memoriam".Rensselaer Magazine.Rensselaer Alumni Association. Winter 2004. Archived from the original on February 21, 2013.
^Butler, Frank K. (2001)."The U.S. Navy Decompression Computer".Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine.28 (4). Cochran Undersea Technology:213–28.PMID 12153150. Archived fromthe original on 2006-07-07. Retrieved2012-10-24.
^Anecdotal information provided by Thalmann's daughters.
^^a ^bPianadosi, Claude (Fall 2004)."In Memoriam: Edward Deforest Thalmann, 1945–2004"(PDF).Duke Anesthesiology Alumnus. Duke University Department of Anesthesiology. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 12, 2007.
^Rausch, C.S. (2004-08-31). "Letter from Commanding Officer, USSMaryland to Ms. Katherine N. Thalmann". Department of the Navy.

External links

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Ed Thalmann Papers at Duke University Medical Center Archives Archived 2013-03-09 at theWayback Machine

Underwater diving

Diving equipment

Basic equipment

Breathing gas

Buoyancy and
trim equipment

Decompression
equipment

Diving suit

Helmets
and masks

Instrumentation

Mobility
equipment

Safety
equipment

Underwater
breathing
apparatus

Open-circuit scuba	Scuba set Bailout bottle Decompression cylinder Independent doubles Manifolded twin set Scuba manifold Pony bottle Scuba configuration Sidemount Sling cylinder
Diving rebreathers	Carbon dioxide scrubber Carleton CDBA Clearance Divers Life Support Equipment Cryogenic rebreather CUMA DSEA Dolphin Halcyon PVR-BASC Halcyon RB80 IDA71 Interspiro DCSC LAR-5 LAR-6 LAR-V LARU Mark IV Amphibian Porpoise Ray Siebe Gorman CDBA Salvus Siva
Surface-supplied diving equipment	Air line Diver's umbilical Diving air compressor Gas panel Hookah Scuba replacement Snuba Standard diving dress

Diving
equipment
manufacturers

Diving support equipment

Access equipment

Breathing gas
handling

Decompression
equipment

Platforms

Underwater habitat	Aquarius Reef Base Continental Shelf Station Two Helgoland Habitat Scott Carpenter Space Analog Station SEALAB Tektite habitat

Remotely operated
underwater vehicles

Safety equipment

General

Freediving

Activities	Aquathlon Apnoea finswimming Freediving Haenyeo Pearl hunting Ama Snorkeling Spearfishing Underwater football Underwater hockey Underwater rugby Underwater target shooting
Competitions	Nordic Deep Vertical Blue Disciplines Constant weight (CWT) Constant weight bi-fins (CWTB) Constant weight without fins (CNF) Dynamic apnea (DYN) Dynamic apnea without fins (DNF) Free immersion (FIM) No-limits apnea (NLT) Static apnea (STA) Skandalopetra diving Variable weight apnea (VWT) Variable weight apnea without fins
Equipment	Diving mask Diving suit Hawaiian sling Polespear Snorkel (swimming) Speargun Swimfins Monofin Water polo cap
Freedivers	Deborah Andollo Simone Arrigoni Peppo Biscarini Michael Board Sara Campbell Derya Can Göçen Goran Čolak Carlos Coste Robert Croft Mandy-Rae Cruickshank Yasemin Dalkılıç Leonardo D'Imporzano Flavia Eberhard Şahika Ercümen Emma Farrell Francisco Ferreras Pierre Frolla Flavia Eberhard Mehgan Heaney-Grier Elisabeth Kristoffersen Andriy Yevhenovych Khvetkevych Loïc Leferme Enzo Maiorca Jacques Mayol Audrey Mestre Karol Meyer Kate Middleton Stéphane Mifsud Alexey Molchanov Natalia Molchanova Dave Mullins Patrick Musimu Guillaume Néry Herbert Nitsch Umberto Pelizzari Liv Philip Annelie Pompe Stig Severinsen Tom Sietas Martin Štěpánek Walter Steyn Tanya Streeter William Trubridge Devrim Cenk Ulusoy Fatma Uruk Danai Varveri Alessia Zecchini Nataliia Zharkova Kateryna Sadurska
Hazards	Barotrauma Drowning Freediving blackout Deep-water blackout Shallow-water blackout Hypercapnia Hypothermia
Historical	Ama Octopus wrestling Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming
Organisations	AIDA International Scuba Schools International Australian Underwater Federation British Freediving Association Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins Performance Freediving International

Professional diving

Occupations

Military
diving

Military
diving
units

Underwater
work

Salvage diving	SSEgypt Kronan La Belle SSLaurentic RMSLusitania Mars Mary Rose USSMonitor HMSRoyal George Vasa

Diving
contractors

Tools and
equipment

Underwater
weapons

Underwater firearm	Gyrojet Mk 1 Underwater Defense Gun Powerhead Underwater pistols Heckler & Koch P11 SPP-1 underwater pistol Underwater revolvers AAI underwater revolver Underwater rifles ADS amphibious rifle APS underwater rifle ASM-DT amphibious rifle QBS-06

Recreational diving

Specialties	Altitude diving Cave diving Deep diving Ice diving Muck diving Open-water diving Rebreather diving Sidemount diving Solo diving Technical diving Underwater photography Wreck diving
Diver organisations	British Sub-Aqua Club (BSAC) Cave Divers Association of Australia (CDAA) Cave Diving Group (CDG) Comhairle Fo-Thuinn (CFT) Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas (FEDAS) Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins (FFESSM) International Association for Handicapped Divers (IAHD) Quintana Roo Speleological Survey (QRSS) Woodville Karst Plain Project (WKPP)
Diving tourism industry	Dive center Diving in Timor-Leste Diving in the Maldives Environmental impact of recreational diving Scuba diving tourism Scuba diving in the Cayman Islands Shark tourism Sinking ships for wreck diving sites Underwater diving in Guam
Diving events and festivals	Diversnight Underwater Bike Race

Diving safety

Diving
hazards

Consequences	Barotrauma Decompression sickness Drowning Hypothermia Hypoxia Hypercapnia Hyperthermia Non-freezing cold injury

Diving
procedures

Risk
management

Checklist
Hazard identification and risk assessment
Hyperbaric evacuation and rescue
Risk control
- Hierarchy of hazard controls
Incident pit
Lockout–tagout
Permit To Work
Redundancy
Safety data sheet
Situation awareness

Diving team	Bellman Chamber operator Diver medical technician Diver's attendant Diving supervisor Diving systems technician Gas man Life support technician Stand-by diver
Equipment safety	Breathing gas quality Testing and inspection of diving cylinders Hydrostatic test Sustained load cracking Diving regulator Breathing performance of regulators
Occupational safety and health	Association of Diving Contractors International International Marine Contractors Association Code of practice Contingency plan Diving regulations Emergency response plan Diving safety officer Diving superintendent Diving supervisor Operations manual Standard operating procedure

Diving medicine

Diving
disorders

Pressure
related

Oxygen	Freediving blackout Hyperoxia Hypoxia Oxygen toxicity
Inert gases	Avascular necrosis Decompression sickness Dysbaric osteonecrosis Inner ear decompression sickness Isobaric counterdiffusion Taravana High-pressure nervous syndrome Hydrogen narcosis Nitrogen narcosis
Carbon dioxide	Hypercapnia Hypocapnia
Breathing gas contaminants	Carbon monoxide poisoning

Immersion
related

Treatment

Personnel

Screening

Research

Researchers in
diving physiology
and medicine

Diving medical
research
organisations

Law
Civil liability in recreational diving Diving regulations Duty of care List of legislation regulating underwater diving Investigation of diving accidents Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage

History of underwater diving

Archeological
sites

Underwater art
and artists

Engineers
and inventors

Historical
equipment

Diver propulsion vehicles	Advanced SEAL Delivery System Cosmos CE2F series Dry Combat Submersible Human torpedo Motorised Submersible Canoe Necker Nymph R-2 Mala-class swimmer delivery vehicle SEAL Delivery Vehicle Shallow Water Combat Submersible Siluro San Bartolomeo Welfreighter Wet Nellie

Military and
covert operations

Scientific projects

Awards and events

Incidents

Dive boat incidents	Sinking of MVConception
Diver rescues	Alpazat cave rescue Tham Luang cave rescue
Early diving	John Day (carpenter) Charles Spalding Ebenezer Watson
Freediving fatalities	Stephen Keenan Loïc Leferme Audrey Mestre Nicholas Mevoli Natalia Molchanova
Offshore diving incidents	Byford Dolphin diving bell accident Drill Master diving accident Star Canopus diving accident Stena Seaspread diving accident Venture One diving accident Waage Drill II diving accident Wildrake diving accident
Professional diving fatalities	Roger Baldwin John Bennett Victor F. Guiel Jr. Francis P. Hammerberg Craig M. Hoffman Peter Henry Michael Holmes Johnson Sea Link accident Edwin Clayton Link Gerard Anthony Prangley Per Skipnes Robert John Smyth Albert D. Stover Richard A. Walker Lothar Michael Ward Joachim Wendler Bradley Westell Arne Zetterström
Scuba diving fatalities	1973 Mount Gambier cave diving accident Ricardo Armbruster Allan Bridge David Bright Berry L. Cannon Cotton Coulson Cláudio Coutinho E. Yale Dawson Deon Dreyer Milan Dufek Sheck Exley Maurice Fargues Fernando Garfella Palmer Guy Garman Steve Irwin death Jim Jones Henry Way Kendall Artur Kozłowski Yuri Lipski Kirsty MacColl Linnea Mills Agnes Milowka François de Roubaix Chris and Chrissy Rouse Dave Shaw Wesley C. Skiles Dewey Smith Rob Stewart Esbjörn Svensson Josef Velek

Publications

Manuals	NOAA Diving Manual U.S. Navy Diving Manual Basic Cave Diving: A Blueprint for Survival Underwater Handbook Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving Encyclopedia of Recreational Diving The new science of skin and scuba diving Professional Diver's Handbook Basic Scuba
Standards and Codes of Practice	Code of Practice for Scientific Diving (UNESCO) DIN 7876 IMCA Code of Practice for Offshore Diving ISO 24801 Recreational diving services — Requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers
General non-fiction	The Darkness Beckons Goldfinder The Last Dive Shadow Divers The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Discovery and Adventure
Research	List of Divers Alert Network publications
Dive guides

Training and registration

Diver
training

Competence and assessment
Diver training standard
Diving instructor
Diving school
Occupational diver training
Recreational diver training
- Introductory diving
- ISO training standards
Teaching method

Skills	Combat sidestroke Diver navigation Diver trim Ear clearing Frenzel maneuver Valsalva maneuver Finning techniques Scuba skills Buddy breathing Low impact diving Diamond Reef System Surface-supplied diving skills Underwater searches

Recreational
scuba
certification
levels

Core diving skills	Advanced Open Water Diver Autonomous diver CMAS* scuba diver CMAS** scuba diver Introductory diving Low Impact Diver Master Scuba Diver Open Water Diver Supervised diver
Leadership skills	Dive leader Divemaster Diving instructor Master Instructor
Specialist skills	Rescue Diver Solo diver

Diver training
certification
and registration
organisations

Commercial diver
certification
authorities

Commercial diving
schools

Free-diving
certification
agencies

AIDA International (AIDA)
Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS)
Performance Freediving International (PI)
Scuba Schools International (SSI)

Recreational
scuba
certification
agencies

American Canadian Underwater Certifications (ACUC)
American Nitrox Divers International (ANDI)
Association nationale des moniteurs de plongée (ANMP)
British Sub-Aqua Club (BSAC)
Comhairle Fo-Thuinn (CFT)
Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS)
Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas (FEDAS)
Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins (FFESSM)
Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee (FIAS)
Global Underwater Explorers (GUE)
International Association for Handicapped Divers (IAHD)
International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers (IANTD)
International Life Saving Federation (ILS)
Israeli Diving Federation (TIDF)
National Academy of Scuba Educators (NASE)
National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI)
Nederlandse Onderwatersport Bond (NOB)
Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI)
Professional Diving Instructors Corporation (PDIC)
Professional Technical and Recreational Diving (ProTec)
Rebreather Association of International Divers (RAID)
Sub-Aqua Association (SAA)
Scuba Diving International (SDI)
Scuba Educators International (SEI)
Scuba Schools International (SSI)
Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonu (TSSF)
United Diving Instructors (UDI)
YMCA SCUBA Program

Scientific diver
certification
authorities

Technical diver
certification
agencies

American Nitrox Divers International (ANDI)
British Sub-Aqua Club (BSAC)
Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS)
Diving Science and Technology (DSAT)
Federazione Italiana Attività Subacquee (FIAS)
International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers (IANTD)
Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI)
Professional Diving Instructors Corporation (PDIC)
Professional Technical and Recreational Diving (ProTec)
Rebreather Association of International Divers (RAID)
Trimix Scuba Association (TSA)

Cave diving	Cave Divers Association of Australia (CDAA) Cave Diving Group (CDG) Global Underwater Explorers (GUE) National Speleological Society#Cave Diving Group (CDG) National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI) Technical Diving International (TDI)

Military diver
training centres

Military diver
training courses

United States Marine Corps Combatant Diver Course

Underwater sports

Surface snorkeling	Finswimming
Snorkeling/breath-hold	Spearfishing Underwater football Underwater hockey Australia Turkey Underwater rugby Colombia United States Underwater target shooting
Breath-hold	Aquathlon Apnoea finswimming Freediving
Open Circuit Scuba	Immersion finswimming Sport diving Underwater cycling Underwater orienteering Underwater photography
Rebreather	Underwater photography
Sports governing organisations and federations	International AIDA International Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques) National AIDA Hellas Australian Underwater Federation British Freediving Association British Octopush Association British Underwater Sports Association Comhairle Fo-Thuinn Federación Española de Actividades Subacuáticas Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins South African Underwater Sports Federation Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonu Underwater Society of America)
Competitions	14th CMAS Underwater Photography World Championship Underwater Hockey World Championships Underwater Orienteering World Championships Underwater Rugby World Championships

Underwater divers

Pioneers of diving	Eduard Admetlla i Lázaro Aquanaut Mary Bonnin Amelia Behrens-Furniss James F. Cahill Jacques Cousteau Billy Deans Dottie Frazier Trevor Hampton Hans Hass Hannes Keller Dick Rutkowski Teseo Tesei Arne Zetterström
Underwater scientists archaeologists and environmentalists	Michael Arbuthnot Robert Ballard George Bass Mensun Bound Louis Boutan Jeffrey Bozanic Hugh Bradner Cathy Church Eugenie Clark James P. Delgado Sylvia Earle John Christopher Fine George R. Fischer Anders Franzén Honor Frost Fernando Garfella Palmer David Gibbins Graham Jessop Swietenia Puspa Lestari Pilar Luna Robert F. Marx Anna Marguerite McCann Innes McCartney Charles T. Meide Mark M. Newell Lyuba Ognenova-Marinova John Peter Oleson Mendel L. Peterson Richard Pyle Andreas Rechnitzer William R. Royal Margaret Rule Gunter Schöbel Stephanie Schwabe Myriam Seco E. Lee Spence Robert Sténuit Peter Throckmorton Cristina Zenato
Scuba record holders	Pascal Bernabé Jim Bowden Mark Ellyatt Sheck Exley Nuno Gomes Claudia Serpieri Krzysztof Starnawski
Underwater filmmakers and presenters	Samir Alhafith David Attenborough Ramón Bravo Jean-Michel Cousteau Richie Kohler Paul Rose Andy Torbet Ivan Tors Andrew Wight James Cameron
Underwater photographers	Doug Allan Tamara Benitez Georges Beuchat Adrian Biddle Jonathan Bird Eric Cheng Neville Coleman Jacques Cousteau John D. Craig Ben Cropp Bernard Delemotte David Doubilet Candice Farmer John Christopher Fine Rodney Fox Ric Frazier Stephen Frink Peter Gimbel Monty Halls Hans Hass Henry Way Kendall Rudie Kuiter Joseph B. MacInnis Luis Marden Agnes Milowka Noel Monkman Pete Oxford Steve Parish Zale Parry Pierre Petit Leni Riefenstahl Peter Scoones Brian Skerry Wesley C. Skiles E. Lee Spence Philippe Tailliez Ron Taylor Valerie Taylor Albert Tillman John Veltri Stan Waterman Michele Westmorland John Ernest Williamson J. Lamar Worzel
Underwater explorers	Caves Graham Balcombe Sheck Exley Martyn Farr Jochen Hasenmayer Jill Heinerth Jarrod Jablonski Brian Kakuk William Hogarth Main Tom Mount Jack Sheppard Bill Stone Reefs Arthur C. Clarke Wrecks Leigh Bishop John Chatterton Clive Cussler Bill Nagle Valerie van Heest Aristotelis Zervoudis
Aquanauts	Andrew Abercromby Joseph M. Acaba Clayton Anderson Richard R. Arnold Serena Auñón-Chancellor Michael Barratt (astronaut) Robert A. Barth Robert L. Behnken Randolph Bresnik Timothy J. Broderick Justin Brown Berry L. Cannon Scott Carpenter Gregory Chamitoff Steve Chappell Catherine Coleman Robin Cook Craig B. Cooper Fabien Cousteau Philippe Cousteau Timothy Creamer Jonathan Dory Pedro Duque Sylvia Earle Jeanette Epps Sheck Exley Albert Falco Andrew J. Feustel Michael Fincke Satoshi Furukawa Ronald J. Garan Jr. Michael L. Gernhardt Christopher E. Gerty David Gruber Chris Hadfield Jeremy Hansen José M. Hernández John Herrington Paul Hill Akihiko Hoshide Mark Hulsbeck Emma Hwang Norishige Kanai Les Kaufman Scott Kelly Karen Kohanowich Timothy Kopra Dominic Landucci Jon Lindbergh Kjell N. Lindgren Michael López-Alegría Joseph B. MacInnis Sandra Magnus Thomas Marshburn Matthias Maurer K. Megan McArthur Craig McKinley Jessica Meir Simone Melchior Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger Andreas Mogensen Karen Nyberg John D. Olivas Takuya Onishi Luca Parmitano Nicholas Patrick Tim Peake Thomas Pesquet Marc Reagan Garrett Reisman Kathleen Rubins Dick Rutkowski Tara Ruttley David Saint-Jacques Josef Schmid Robert Sheats Dewey Smith Steve Squyres Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper Robert Sténuit Hervé Stevenin Nicole Stott James Talacek Daniel M. Tani Robert Thirsk Bill Todd Mark T. Vande Hei Koichi Wakata Rex J. Walheim Shannon Walker John Morgan Wells Joachim Wendler Douglas H. Wheelock Peggy Whitson Dafydd Williams Jeffrey Williams Sunita Williams Reid Wiseman Kimiya Yui
Writers and journalists	Michael C. Barnette Victor Berge Philippe Diolé Gary Gentile Bret Gilliam Bob Halstead Hillary Hauser Trevor Jackson Steve Lewis John Mattera
Rescuers	Craig Challen Richard Harris Rick Stanton John Volanthen
Frogmen	Lionel Crabb Ian Edward Fraser Sydney Knowles James Joseph Magennis
Commercial salvors	Keith Jessop

Science of underwater diving

List of researchers in underwater diving

Diving
physics

Diving
physiology

Decompression theory	Decompression models: Bühlmann decompression algorithm Haldane's decompression model Reduced gradient bubble model Thalmann algorithm Thermodynamic model of decompression Varying Permeability Model Equivalent air depth Oxygen window Physiology of decompression

Diving
environments

Underwater exploration
- Deep-sea exploration

Classification	List of diving environments by type Altitude diving Benign water diving Confined water diving Deep diving Inland diving Inshore diving Muck diving Night diving Open-water diving Black-water diving Blue-water diving Penetration diving Cave diving Torricellian chamber Ice diving Wreck diving Recreational dive sites Underwater environment Underwater diving environment
Impact	Environmental impact of recreational diving Low impact diving

Other

Deep-submergence
vehicle

Submarine rescue

Deep-submergence rescue vehicle	LR5 LR7 MSM-1 Mystic-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle DSRV-1Mystic DSRV-2Avalon NATO Submarine Rescue System Priz-class deep-submergence rescue vehicle Russian deep submergence rescue vehicle AS-28 Russian submarine AS-34 ASRVRemora SRV-300 Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System Type 7103 DSRV URF (Swedish Navy)