Edmund Butcher (28 April 1757 – 14 April 1822) was anEnglishUnitarianminister.^[1]

Butcher was born on 28 April 1757, atColchester. The only son of an unsuccessful builder, he had early to struggle for a living. His primary education was given him by Dr. Thomas Stanton, Presbyterian minister at Colchester.^[1]

At fourteen years of age, he gave sign of precocious talent in an heroic poem, the "Brutæis", illustrated with pen-and-ink drawings (not printed). He was soon apprenticed to a London linen-draper, and at this early age wrote for periodicals, sending the profits to his parents and sister.^[1]

Subsequently, the family inherited the small estate of their ancestor, John Butcher, vicar ofFeering, Essex, about 1657. Butcher attended the ministry ofHugh Worthington, the eloquentArian ofSalters' Hall, who prepared him for the ministry.^[1]

He enteredDaventry Academy, underThomas Belsham, in 1783, having previously received some classical training fromRichard Wright, Presbyterian minister atAtherstone. He had been taught theassembly's catechism, but he says he never gave credence to thetrinitarian doctrine, and his studies confirmed him inArian views.^[1]

His first settlement was atSowerby, nearHalifax, but he soon moved to London, where Worthington got him temporary engagements at Monkwell Street and Carter Lane. He was ordained 19 March 1789, as successor to Thomas Pope atLeather Lane, Holborn. In this ordination Belsham, who was still reputed orthodox, was associated, for the first time, withTheophilus Lindsey, the onlyhumanitarian minister in London, and five Arian ministers.^[1]

While at Leather Lane Butcher took part with others in the Wednesday evening lecture established by Worthington (after 1792) at Salters' Hall. His feebleness of voice precluded him from popularity, and compelled his retirement from active duty in 1797.^[1]

Butcher's lungs recovered tone, and in 1798 he became minister atSidmouth inDevon. Here he remained till 1820, building a house on a piece of ground presented to him by a member of a wealthy Jewish family, who attended his services. Relinquishing all belief in a propitiatory atonement, his views gradually passed from the Arian to the humanitarian form of unitarianism.^[1]

A paralysingstroke weakened the later years of his ministry, but did not prevent him from preaching. Early in 1821 he went to reside with his son atBristol, and moved from there in November toBath. A fall, which dislocated hie hip, confined him to bed. He died on Sunday (his own wish), 14 April 1822, and was buried atLyncomb Vale, near Bath.^[1]

He published, in his life:^[2]

1. Sermons, to which are subjoined suitable Hymns, 1798, octavo (the hymns are original, and intended as "poetical epitomes" of the twenty-one sermons; the second edition, 1806, octavo, has titleSermons for the use of Families, contains twenty-two sermons and no hymns).
2. Moral Tales, 1801, duodecimo.
3. The Substance of the Holy Scriptures methodised, 1801, quarto, 2nd ed. 1813, quarto (intended as a sort of family Bible; Butcher assisted Worthington and others in its preparation, and contributed a hymn to each lesson).
4. An Excursion from Sidmouth to Chester in the Summer of 1803, (2 vols),Volume 1 1806, duodecimo.
5. A Picture of Sidmouth; the fourth edition, Exeter [1830], duodecimo, has titleA new Guide, descriptive of the Beauties of Sidmouth.
6. Sermons for the use of Families, volume ii. 1806, octavo.
7. Unitarian Claims described and vindicated, 1809, duodecimo (sermon on 2 Corinthians x. 7, at Bridgwater, Wednesday, 5 July, before theWestern Unitarian Society, of biographical interest as giving the process by which he reached his latest views).
8. Sermons for the use of Families, volume iii. 1819, octavo (twenty-eight sermons printed at theChiswick Press; the preface, 1 May, reproduces the autobiographical details of No. 7).
9. Prayers for the use of Families and Individuals, 1822, octavo (one for each sermon in his three volumes, and some for special occasions); and single sermons.^[2]

Posthumous were:

1. Discourses on our Lord's Sermon on the Mount, Bath and London, 1825, duodecimo (twenty-one sermons edited by his widow; the preface says he had selected the materials for another volume).
2. A Poetical Version of the Chronological History of the Kings of England, 1827, duodecimo.

Besides these, Butcher contributed to theProtestant Dissenters Magazine, 1794-9 (see especially volume i. pp 120, 204, 246, 330, 373, 417, 460, for poetical pieces), and edited the later volumes.^[2]

A tablet to his memory was placed in the Old Meeting House, Sidmouth.^[2][3] One who knew him describes him as "a most lovable man in all respects".^[1] Butcher is known among topographers by his account of Sidmouth, and among poets by a few hymns of great merit. His hymnFrom north and south, from east to west won the warm commendation ofAnna Barbauld.^[2]

He married, 6 July 1790, Elizabeth, eldest daughter ofJohn Lawrence, a Shropshire landowner, and widow ofSamuel Lowe; she died at Bath 25 November 1831. They had a son, Edmund, and a daughter, Emma.^[4]

Records of the Butcher family, their predecessors and descendants are held atBristol Archives (Ref. 32955) (online catalogue).

Attribution

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Gordon, Alexander (1886). "Butcher, Edmund". InStephen, Leslie (ed.).Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 8. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 41–42. ; Endnotes:
  • Evans, inMonthly Repository 1822 page 309 seq. (revised in Christian Moderator, 1827, page 347 seq.)
  • Monthly Repository 1821, page 345; 1822, pages 285, 332, 471; 1832, page 70
  • Belsham'sMem. of Lindsey, 1812, page 292
  • Murch, Sir Jerom (1835). "Sidmouth".A history of the Presbyterian and general Baptist churches in the west of England: with memoirs of some of their pastors. Hunter. pp. 350–352.
  • Lawrence'sDescendants of Philip Henry, 1844, page 21 seq.
  • Miller'sOur Hymns, 1866, page 266 seq.
  • Spears'sRecord of Unit. Worthies (1877), page 211
  • private information.

• 1757 births
• 1822 deaths
• English Unitarian ministers
• Clergy from Colchester

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