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Ecchi (エッチ,etchi;pronounced[et.tɕi]) is aslang term in theJapanese language for playfully sexual actions. As anadjective, it is used with the meaning of "sexy", "dirty" or "naughty"; as averb,ecchi suru (エッチする or Ｈする) means "to have sex", and as anoun, it is used to describe someone oflascivious behavior. It is softer than the Japanese wordero (エロ from "Eros" or "erotic"), and does not imply perversion in the wayhentai does.[citation needed]
The wordecchi has been adopted by western fans of Japanese media to describe works with sexual overtones. In western culture, it has come to be used to refer tosoftcore or playful sexuality, as distinct from the wordhentai, which connotes perversion orfetishism.[2] Works described as ecchi by the western fans do not showsexual intercourse orgenitalia, but sexual themes are referenced.Ecchi themes are a type offan service, and can be found in most comedyshōnen andseinen manga andharemanime.[3][4]
The correct transcription of the wordエッチ inHepburn notation is "etchi".[5] However, it is typically written as "ecchi" in the Western world.
Etchi in and of itself is merely an abbreviation ofhentai. There is no distinction between "hardcore"hentai and "softcore"etchi in proper Japanese. SeeHentai#Etymology for further etymology.
Hentai was introduced in theMeiji period as a term forchange of form ortransformation in science andpsychology. In this context, it was used to refer to disorders such ashysteria or to describeparanormal phenomena likehypnosis ortelepathy.[6] Slowly, the meaning expanded until it had the meaning ofnon-standard. In the 1910s, it was used insexology in the compound expression "hentai seiyoku" (変態性欲,abnormal sexual desire[7], which is rephrased as "sexual perversion" in modern times) and became popular within the theory of sexual deviance (Hentai seiyoku ron), published by Eiji Habuto and Jun'ichirō Sawada in 1915.[8][9] In the 1920s, many publications dealt with deviant sexual desires and theero guro nansensu movement. Goichi Matsuzawa calls it a period characterized by a "hentai boom".[10] In the 1930s, censorship became more common, leading to fewer books being published on this theme.[11]
After the Second World War, in the 1950s, interest in hentai was renewed, and people would sometimes refer to it just by the first English letter,H (pronounced asエッチ,[eꜜttɕi]). In 1952, the magazineShukan Asahi reported that a woman who was groped by a stranger in a movie theater reacted with"ara etchi yo" ("hey, that's perverse"). In this context,etchi should be understood assexually forward and is synonymous toiyarashii (嫌らしい, dirty or disgusting) orsukebe (すけべ, a person with sex on the brain). From this, the wordetchi started to branch off, and assume new connotations. In the 1960s,etchi started to be used by youth to refer to sex in general. By the 1980s, it was used to meansex, as in the phraseetchi suru (to have sex).[6][12][13]
Other neologisms such assekkusu are often used to refer to sex, in addition to the termecchi.Ecchi is now used as a qualifier for anything related to erotic or pornographic content. Its exact meaning varies with context, but in general, it is most similar to the English word "naughty" (when used as an adjective). The Japanese media tend to use other words, e.g.ero-manga (エロ),adult manga (アダルト), or anime / manga for persons over 18 years (18禁アニメ,18禁). The prefix "H-" is also sometimes used to refer to pornographic genres, e.g. H-anime, H-manga, etc.
In Japan,oiroke manga (お色気漫画) is used to describe manga with very light or playful erotic content, such as is found inshonen manga. In western nations, though,ecchi has become the preferred term. The more explicitseijin manga (成人向け漫画,seijinmukemanga) are more likely to be referred to as hentai in the west. This does correlate to a similar distinction in Japanese. For instance, if a young woman were to call a young manetchi, that might be construed as flirting, whereashentai sounds more like condemnation.[14][clarification needed]
Works aimed at a female audience can contain scenes which are seen as ecchi. Examples areR-18 Love Report! from Emiko Sugi andOruchuban Ebichu fromRisa Itō, which are aimed at theshōjo andjosei audience, but contain rather explicit content.[3][4]
Common elements of ecchi include conversations with sexual references or misunderstandings (e.g.double entendre orinnuendo), misunderstandings in visual depictions (e.g. suggestive posing), revealing or sexualized clothing (e.g. underwear orcosplay), nudity (e.g. ripped apart clothing, wet clothing, clothing malfunctions) and the portrayal of certain actions (e.g. groping). This kind of sexuality is often used for comical effect. A typical example scene would contain a male protagonist that trips over a female character, giving the impression of sexual harassment.
The concept of ecchi is very closely related tofan service. While fan service describes every aspect to please the fans, ecchi relates to sexual themes. A special kind of fan service, that is usually bound or justified by the narrative.[15]
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There are many elements that may classify a work as ecchi, but these elements have to occur quite often (for example, in all episodes of a show). Graphically speaking, different techniques are used to show sexy pictures, usually by revealing parts of the female body such as the back or breasts. Some of these patterns are recurrent, such as scenes in a shower,hot springs (onsen), or fighting scenes in which clothes are torn apart. The imagination of characters is also a common device for showing their sexual fantasies, as well as transformation scenes ofmagical girls. In the end, any excuse is valid to show a character partially or completely nude.[1]
Levels of nudity vary strongly between works, depending on the intended audience and the preferences of the authors. For example, in some cases, though the breasts are shown on the screen, nipples and genitals are obscured by props, clothing, or effects. This kind of censorship was typical forLala Satalin Deviluke inTo Love Ru, Blair inSoul Eater andAsuka Langley Soryu fromNeon Genesis Evangelion. Conversely, inLadies versus Butlers! and other such anime, the nipples are clearly visible through clothing, no matter how thick it is. In any casenosebleeds as a comedictrope are a typical masculine reaction to female nudity or semi-nudity inasmuch as they represent one extremely exaggerated component ofsexual arousal – increasedblood pressure.
The use of panty shots (panchira), or visibility of the underwear (panties), is one common motif. Typically the male character will react in an exaggerated manner and be castigated. Furthermore the color and style of the panties are an indication of the character, personality, and range sexual experience (or lack of it) female character, e.g. white for the innocent, striped for the shy, and red for the experienced. Panties are the main theme in some ecchi (for instance,Chobits andPanty & Stocking with Garterbelt), but they can also appear in other anime simply for a bit of gratuitous sex appeal.[citation needed]
Although revealing or sexualized clothing, nudity or groping may occur in ecchi works, there usually is no explicit sexual intercourse in such works (although in the West they may be erroneously classified ashentai). Furthermore in this genre may appear that whilst it appears that a coupleare having sex. E.g. the two may be seen in silhouette from outside a tent, or making sounds during exertion.[1]
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