Ebensee am Traunsee Emsee | |
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 Coat of arms | |
  Ebensee am Traunsee Location within Austria | |
| Coordinates:47°48′30″N13°46′30″E / 47.80833°N 13.77500°E /47.80833; 13.77500 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Upper Austria |
| District | Gmunden |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Barbara Promberger (SPÖ) |
| Area | |
• Total | 194.69 km2 (75.17 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 443 m (1,453 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01)[2] | |
• Total | 7,717 |
| • Density | 39.64/km2 (102.7/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 4802 |
| Area code | 06133 |
| Vehicle registration | GM |
| Website | www.ebensee.at |
Ebensee am Traunsee (Austrian German:[ˈeːbn̩seːamˈtraʊnseː];Central Bavarian:Emsee) is amarket town in theTraunviertel region of theAustrian state ofUpper Austria, located within theSalzkammergut Mountains at the southern end of theTraunsee. The regional capitalLinz lies approximately 90 km (56 mi) to the north, nearest towns areGmunden andBad Ischl. The municipality also comprises theKatastralgemeinden of Langwies, Oberlangbath, Rindbach, Kohlstatt and Roith.
With the Traunviertel, Ebensee since 1180 belonged to theDuchy of Styria held by theHouse of Babenberg from 1192, until in 1254 KingOttokar II of Bohemia finally allocated it to hisAustrian duchy. Ebensee itself was first mentioned in a 1447 deed.
From 1596 on EmperorRudolf II had asalt evaporation pond erected near the settlement, supplied withbrine being delivered via a 40 km (25 mi) long pipeline from the salt mines aroundHallstatt. Ebensee therefore was the primary production centre for salt in Austria. Historically, the site was chosen because of the rich forests, whose wood was used to boil the salt out of the brine. In 1883 the Belgian chemistErnest Solvay establishedsoda works of theSolvay company at Ebensee. Although a former industrial center in the largerSalzkammergut region, it has recently fallen on bad fortunes with the closure of some of the larger factories.
In 1943, theSS established Ebensee concentration camp (codename "Zement") near the town, a planned emergency location for thePeenemünde research centre after the RAFOperation Hydra attack. It was part of theMauthausen network. Slave laborers were worked to death digging tunnels for armaments storage. The camp was liberated by American soldiers in May 1945. Due to the extremely high death rates, Ebensee is considered one of the most horrific Nazi concentration camps.
Used as aDisplaced Persons camp after the war, the area is today site of a memorial and a museum.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1951 | 10,327 | — |
| 1991 | 8,800 | −14.8% |
| 2001 | 8,451 | −4.0% |
| 2011 | 7,817 | −7.5% |
| 2021 | 7,597 | −2.8% |
| 2022 | 7,515 | −1.1% |
Seats in the municipal assembly (Gemeinderat) as of 2021 elections:
Ebensee is surrounded by three picturesque lakes, theTraunsee, theOffensee and the Langbathsee. The Traunsee is large enough to be used for boating, while the other two lakes are smaller, surrounded by mountains and used only for bathing; both are protected natural areas. On the shore of the Langbathsee is a 19th-century hunting lodge erected at the behest of EmperorFranz Joseph I of Austria.
Since 1927 anaerial tramway built by theBleichert engineering company runs up to the summit of the Feuerkogel mountain. Other tourist attractions include the Gasselhöhleshow cave and a small skiing area with about ten lifts.
Parts of the 1968Where Eagles Dare film were shot in the Ebensee area.
Feuerkogel is a nearby mountain peak with a weather station on it.
| Climate data for Feuerkogel: 1618m (1991−2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.4 (56.1) | 14.5 (58.1) | 14.5 (58.1) | 19.4 (66.9) | 24.0 (75.2) | 26.8 (80.2) | 28.0 (82.4) | 26.3 (79.3) | 23.4 (74.1) | 22.7 (72.9) | 20.2 (68.4) | 15.7 (60.3) | 28.0 (82.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.1 (31.8) | −0.6 (30.9) | 1.7 (35.1) | 5.8 (42.4) | 10.1 (50.2) | 14.0 (57.2) | 15.4 (59.7) | 15.0 (59.0) | 11.7 (53.1) | 8.5 (47.3) | 4.3 (39.7) | 0.8 (33.4) | 7.2 (45.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) | −3.3 (26.1) | −1.0 (30.2) | 2.8 (37.0) | 7.2 (45.0) | 10.7 (51.3) | 12.5 (54.5) | 12.8 (55.0) | 8.8 (47.8) | 5.9 (42.6) | 1.6 (34.9) | −1.8 (28.8) | 4.5 (40.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.3 (22.5) | −6.4 (20.5) | −3.5 (25.7) | −0.1 (31.8) | 3.9 (39.0) | 7.4 (45.3) | 8.9 (48.0) | 9.1 (48.4) | 6.0 (42.8) | 2.9 (37.2) | −1.2 (29.8) | −4.3 (24.3) | 1.5 (34.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.2 (−4.4) | −22.7 (−8.9) | −20.6 (−5.1) | −13.9 (7.0) | −6.1 (21.0) | −3.1 (26.4) | 0.0 (32.0) | −0.9 (30.4) | −2.9 (26.8) | −12.5 (9.5) | −17.1 (1.2) | −22.6 (−8.7) | −22.7 (−8.9) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 138.2 (5.44) | 110.9 (4.37) | 151.2 (5.95) | 105.2 (4.14) | 171.6 (6.76) | 201.7 (7.94) | 230.8 (9.09) | 202.8 (7.98) | 175.6 (6.91) | 130.2 (5.13) | 126.3 (4.97) | 144.7 (5.70) | 1,889.2 (74.38) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 115.5 (45.5) | 108.5 (42.7) | 118.7 (46.7) | 65.6 (25.8) | 20.7 (8.1) | 1.4 (0.6) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.2) | 9.0 (3.5) | 30.5 (12.0) | 73.8 (29.1) | 109.7 (43.2) | 654 (257.4) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 13.7 | 13.5 | 15.7 | 11.7 | 15.3 | 16.0 | 16.4 | 13.6 | 13.0 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 14.9 | 168.7 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 1 cm) | 30.8 | 28.3 | 30.9 | 27.6 | 11.4 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 7.9 | 18.1 | 28.8 | 186.7 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 104.8 | 110.6 | 141.2 | 173.7 | 185.4 | 176.5 | 195.6 | 201.7 | 155.6 | 148.3 | 107.4 | 95.8 | 1,796.6 |
| Source 1:Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics[3] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2:NOAA(Sun)[4] | |||||||||||||
Media related toEbensee at Wikimedia Commons
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