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| Eastern chimpanzee | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A mother with a young atGombe Stream National Park, Tanzania | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorhini |
| Family: | Hominidae |
| Genus: | Pan |
| Species: | |
| Subspecies: | P. t. schweinfurthii[1] |
| Trinomial name | |
| Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii[1] (Giglioli, 1872) | |
 | |
Theeastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) is asubspecies of thecommon chimpanzee. It is native to theCentral African Republic,South Sudan, theDemocratic Republic of the Congo,Uganda,Rwanda,Burundi, andTanzania.[2]
Though it is formally classified asP. t. schweinfurthii,Colin Groves of theAustralian National University argues that there is enough variation between the northern and southern populations of this population of chimpanzees to be split into two subspecies instead of one; the northern population asP. t. schweinfurthii and the southern population asP. t. marungensis.[3]
The 2007IUCN Red List classified them asEndangered.[2] Although the common chimpanzee is the most abundant and widespread of the non-humangreat apes, recent declines inEast Africa are expected to continue due to hunting and loss of habitat. Because chimpanzees and humans are physiologically very similar, chimpanzees succumb to many diseases that afflict humans.[4] If not properly managed, research and tourism also present a risk of disease transmission between humans and chimpanzees. This subspecies has been extensively studied by Dr.Jane Goodall atGombe Stream National Park.[4]
Adult chimpanzees in the wild weigh between 40 and 65 kilograms (88 and 143 pounds). Males can measure up to 145 centimetres (57 inches) and females up to 120 centimetres (47 inches) in height. The chimpanzee's body is covered with coarse black hair, except for the face, fingers, toes, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet. Both of its thumbs and its big toes are opposable, allowing a precision grip. Like most chimpanzee populations, the eastern chimpanzees have amber to brown irises and dark sclerae.
The chimpanzee spends time both in trees and on the ground, but usually sleeps in a[clarification needed] tree, where it builds a nest for the night. They once inhabited most of this region, but their habitat has been dramatically reduced in recent years.
Chimpanzees live in communities of typically 20 to more than 150 members, but spend most of their time traveling in small parties of just a few individuals. The eastern chimpanzee is botharboreal andterrestrial and rests in trees at night, but spends the day on the ground.[5]
Chimpanzees walk using the soles of their feet and their knuckles, and they can walk upright for short distances. They are 'knuckle walkers'.[5]
When confronted by a predator, chimpanzees will react with loud screams and use any object they can get against the threat. Theleopard is the chimpanzee's main natural predator, but they have also fallen prey tolions.[6]
Chimpanzees areomnivorous and eatseeds,fruits,honey, leaves, bark, fungi,insects such astermites,ants and small prey such as birds and monkeys. They often use a twig as a tool to reach termites orants innests and have been seen using sticks to hunt other small mammals. There are also instances of organized hunting. In some cases, such as the killing ofleopard cubs, this primarily seems to be a protective effort, since the leopard is the main naturalpredator of the common chimpanzee. Isolated cases of cannibalism have also been documented.[citation needed]
Suspected or confirmed predators of eastern chimpanzees in Tanzania includeboomslangs andblack-necked spitting cobras.[7]
Extant species of familyHominidae(great apes) | |||||||||||||||
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| Hominidae |
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