| East Midwood Jewish Center | |
|---|---|
 East Midwood Jewish Center inBrooklyn, in 2008 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Conservative Judaism |
| Ecclesiastical or organizational status | Synagogue |
| Leadership |
|
| Status | Active |
| Location | |
| Location | 1625Ocean Avenue,Midwood, Brooklyn,New York City,New York |
| Country | United States |
  Location inBrooklyn,New York City | |
| Coordinates | 40°37′21″N73°57′20″W / 40.6224°N 73.9555°W /40.6224; -73.9555 |
| Architecture | |
| Architects |
|
| Type | Synagogue |
| Style | Renaissance Revival |
| Established | 1924(as a congregation) |
| Groundbreaking | 1926 |
| Completed | 1929; 96 years ago (1929) |
| Construction cost | $1 million (today $18 million[1]) |
| Specifications | |
| Direction of façade | West |
| Capacity |
|
| Width | 155 feet (47 m) |
| Dome | 2 |
| Materials | Steel frame,masonry, buff and red brick, limestone, copper domes |
| Website | |
| emjc | |
East Midwood Jewish Center | |
| NRHP reference No. | 06000478 |
| Added to NRHP | June 7, 2006 |
| [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] | |
TheEast Midwood Jewish Center is aConservativesynagogue located at 1625Ocean Avenue,Midwood, Brooklyn,New York City,New York, United States.
Organized in 1924,[13] the congregation'sRenaissance revival building that was completed in 1929 typified the large multi-purpose synagogue centers being built at the time,[11] and was from the 1990s until 2010 the only synagogue with a working swimming pool in Brooklyn.[5] The building has been unmodified architecturally since its construction,[5] and in 2006 was added to theNational Register of Historic Places.[6]
Membership dropped during theGreat Depression, and the synagogue suffered financial hardship, but it recovered, and by 1941 had 1,100 member families. In 1950 the congregation built an adjoining school; at its peak its enrollment was almost 1,000.[2] As neighborhood demographics changed in the late 20th century, and Brooklyn's Jewish population became moreOrthodox, the East Midwood Jewish Center absorbed three other Conservative Brooklyn congregations.[14]
The East Midwood Jewish Center had only threerabbis from its founding until 2014.[15] Reuben Kaufman served from 1924 to 1929,Harry Halpern from 1929 to 1977 andAlvin Kass from 1976 to 2014.[2] In 2014, Matt Carl became the rabbi.[3]
East Midwood was organized in 1924[13] by Jacob R. Schwartz, a dentist who was concerned that his two sons had no nearbyHebrew school which they could attend.[16] From the start his intention had been to create a Conservative synagogue:Conservative Judaism was seen as a compromise betweenOrthodox andReform, providing the familiar (and lengthy)Hebrew services of Orthodox Judaism, but, like Reform, adding some English prayers.[13] East Midwood differed from earlierAshkenazi synagogues in New York, as services were to be conducted in Hebrew and English only (not Hebrew andYiddish), and the members were to come from immigrants from all over Europe, not just one city or region.[17]
East Midwood held its first annual meeting on November 18, 1924 at the Jewish Communal Center ofFlatbush[16] (also known as the Flatbush Jewish Center),[18] and there elected its first president, Pincus Weinberg.[2] Weinberg, who was also chair of the Real Estate Committee, was the father ofSidney Weinberg, who rose from the job of assistant porter to headGoldman Sachs from 1930 to 1969. Prior to moving to Flatbush, Pincus Weinberg had been president ofCongregation Baith Israel Anshei Emes.[19][20]
East Midwood's firstrabbi was Reuben Kaufman, and its firstcantor was Jacob Schraeter.[2] Kaufman, a Brooklyn native, had celebrated hisbar mitzvah at Baith Israel Anshei Emes.[21]
The Real Estate Committee almost immediately purchased land located on Avenue L between East 26th and 27th Streets. Most members, however, felt a location onOcean Avenue would be more desirable. Issues arose with developing the land on Avenue L, and in 1925 the Committee purchased the current location at 1625 Ocean Avenue inMidwood, Brooklyn. The cornerstone was laid in 1926, and, although not complete, the building was fully enclosed by the autumn, andHigh Holiday services were held there that year. The Center'sTalmud Torah, which had been created in 1925 and held in a temporary structure, also moved into the new building.[2]
Designed in theRenaissance revival style,[5] the building was finally completed in 1929 at the cost of $1 million (today $18.3 million).[2][11] It typified the new "synagogue-centers" being built at that time, combining the functions of both a synagogue andcommunity center, and included "a synagogue, auditorium, kitchens, restaurant, classrooms, gymnasium, and swimming pool".[11] That year Kaufman left the Center to become the rabbi of Temple Emanu-El inPaterson, New Jersey,[15] andHarry Halpern became East Midwood's rabbi.[2] Halpern, who also became an adjunct professor of pastoral psychiatry at theJewish Theological Seminary of America (JTSA), would go on to serve as rabbi for 49 years, until his retirement in 1977, four years before his death in 1981.[22]
TheGreat Depression took its toll on the congregation, and membership dropped. In order to cope with the financial burdens, dues were raised, teachers were given endorsed notes rather than paychecks, the Executive Secretary was laid off, pews were sold, and individual members provided mortgage guarantees. The synagogue survived, and membership recovered; by 1934 there were 300 members, and by 1944 there were 1,100.[2]
From 1955 to 1985, the famed Abraham Nadel was appointed Choral Director. Nadel was known for his outstanding Choir leadership & musicianship; Specifically for his composition of Sim Sholom. Joseph Eidelson [Jozef Ajdelson] became cantor in 1956.[23] Born in Warsaw, Poland, Eidelson previously served as cantor at Warsaw's Sinai Synagogue, and in 1935 at theGreat Synagogue of Vilna, Lithuania.[24]
In October 1968, thenMayor of New York CityJohn Lindsay was booed and jeered by a huge crowd at the East Midwood Jewish Center, in an infamous incident during the 1968 New York City teachers strike.[25] Lindsay had supported a school decentralization plan that had pitted mostly black parents against mostly Jewish teachers and school administration; after the administrator of theOcean Hill—Brownsville school board dismissed 13 teachers and 6 administrators (mostly Jewish) for opposing decentralization, theUnited Federation of Teachers "called a strike that closed 85 percent of the city's 900 schools for 55 days".[26]
When Lindsay arrived he was met by a mob of 2,000 people outside the synagogue, who shouted "Lindsay must go" and "we wantShanker". Halpern admonished the protesters, asking "Is this the exemplification of the Jewish faith?", but many replied "yes".[27] Lindsay was heckled off the podium by the audience inside, and his limousine was "pounded on" and "pelted with trash" by the mob outside (which had grown to 5,000) as he drove away.[28] The strike, which was marked by "threats of violence and diatribes laced with racism and anti-Semitism", ended when theNew York legislature suspended the administrator and the board.[26]
Following Halpern's retirement in 1977, East Midwood hired as rabbiAlvin Kass, a graduate ofColumbia College and the JTSA, with a Ph.D. in philosophy fromNew York University.[29]
As Brooklyn's changing demographics made non-Orthodox institutions less viable, East Midwood absorbed three other congregations, including the Jewish Communal Center of Flatbush,[14] where East Midwood had held its first annual meeting,[16] and, in 1978,Flatbush's Congregation Shaare Torah.[30] In 1996, membership was 1,000 families.[29]
At that time the membership had become divided over the issue ofrole of women in the synagogue. Though some members left the congregation over this issue, by 2009 East Midwood had become fully egalitarian. According to then-Vice President Michael Sucher "Those individuals who championed depriving women of the rights to be full members of the congregation were overruled by a majority of members who wanted to have an egalitarian Conservative congregation".[31]
The synagogue building has remained architecturally unchanged since its construction, and was from the 1990s until 2010 the only synagogue in Brooklyn with a functioning swimming pool.[5] In June 2006, it was added to the NRHP.[6] That year the congregation received a $300,000 loan from theNew York Landmarks Conservancy for repairs for "masonry and steel repairs on the side and rear facades."[32] It also raised $40,000 in order to receive a 2:1 "matching grant" of $20,000 from the Conservancy, and completed the repair work in 2007.[32] In November 2007 East Midwood was awarded a $409,575 New York State Environmental Protection Fund grant to "restore features of the sanctuary including stained glass windows, stained glass dome and skylight."[33][34]
Aaron Pomerantz joined as associate rabbi in 1978. Born in Poland, he had escaped Europe after the outbreak ofWorld War II, moving to Canada and then the United States. There he graduated from Manhattan'sWashington Irving High School, and in 1952 received hisrabbinic ordination fromYeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin. From 1948 he had served as ritual director and then rabbi of Congregation Shaare Torah, joining the East Midwood Jewish Center when the two congregations merged. He served until his death in May 2009.[30]
Joseph Eidelson retired to become Cantor Emeritus in 1995, 9 years before his death in 2004.[35]
Sam Levene became East Midwood's cantor in 2004. Born in Jerusalem and raised in Toronto, Levene was a graduate of theH.L. Miller Cantorial School and the JTSA's cantorial program.[3]
Kass retired to become Rabbi Emeritus in 2014.[3] During his tenure Kass, also served as a New York City Police Department chaplain for over 40 years, and had previously served as aUnited States Air Force chaplain for two years.[29] At one point during his service as Police Department chaplain he and his family received months of 24-hour security after death threats, and at another he defused a hostage situation by providing the hostage taker with sandwiches from theCarnegie Deli.[36] Kass, who teaches ethics at the Police Academy, was instrumental in getting Jewish police officers time off to observe theSabbath. He also convinced theNYPD Shomrim Society (thefraternal organization of Jewish members of the New York City Police Department) to admit David Durk. Durk, along with the more famousFrank Serpico, had been the source of the allegations of police corruption that led to the formation of theKnapp Commission.[29]
Matt Carl joined as rabbi in 2014. A graduate ofVassar College and the JTSA, he had previously served as rabbi of Battery Park Synagogue in Manhattan and Congregation Mount Sinai in Brooklyn.[3]
East Midwood Jewish Center ran a successfulTalmud Torah for after school Jewish instruction.[37] As a child in the 1940s, feminist authorSusan Brownmiller attended it two afternoons a week.[38][39] In 1950, the congregation built a three-story school building and a two-story bridge link between the school and synagogue.[5] At its peak in the early 1950s the school had an enrollment of almost 1,000.[2]
East Midwood subsequently created a ConservativeJewish day school, serving students from kindergarten to Grade 8, and also providing "afternoon religious instruction for public school students through high school"[40] operated separately from the Talmud Torah.[37] Author and talk show hostDennis Prager taught at the day school.[41] It was later renamed the Rabbi Harry Halpern Day School, in honor of Rabbi Halpern.[2]
Like the synagogue, the day school also suffered from Brooklyn's changing (and increasingly Orthodox) demographics;[31][42] enrollment had dropped from 400 students to 99 by the early 21st century.[42] Invigorated by a new principal, enrollment climbed to 160 by 2008,[31][42] but the school was still not financially stable.[31] In addition, the day school had become more independent in the 1990s, and its relationship with the synagogue deteriorated to that of a tenant to a landlord.[31] As a result, some of the synagogue's board members wanted to evict the school and find a new tenant.[31] In 2009 the synagogue and the school signed a new agreement to bring the two organizations closer again, under which the synagogue would absorb some of the school's costs, and the parents of school children would become members of the synagogue.[31] According to the synagogue's website, however, in 2018 the day school "reorganized itself, and modified into a more orthodox tradition".[37] The Talmud Torah continued to operate as a congregational school.[37]
The East Midwood Jewish Center synagogue building's architect is uncertain.[43] The design is officially credited to the Building Committee and Irving Warshaw, the construction superintendent. The architect's name is not recorded in synagogue records, nor on the building'sdedicatory plaque. The Center'sNational Register of Historic Places (NRHP) nomination form, however, argues that the architect was Louis Abramson, based on visual evidence and one piece of written evidence.[10]
Abramson was a leading architect of synagogue-centers at that time. He designed a number of New York examples, including the original synagogue-center, theManhattan Jewish Center (1918), as well as the Brooklyn Jewish Center, the Flatbush Jewish Center, and theOcean Parkway Jewish Center (all constructed in Brooklyn between 1920 and 1924). While the Flatbush Jewish Center has been completely remodeled, the Brooklyn and Ocean Parkway Jewish Centers are visually similar to the East Midwood Jewish Center, and the Brooklyn Jewish Center in particular has an identical layout. The written evidence consists of an entry in a souvenir journal commemorating the twentieth anniversary of the Flatbush Jewish Center, stating that Abramson drew East Midwood's plans.[10] The NRHP nomination form speculates that Abramson drew the basic plans for the East Midwood Center, and that the Building Committee completed them, in order to save money.[18]
Alternatively,Maurice Courland's 1957 obituary claims the East Midwood Jewish Center as his work.[44] Courland also designed a number of synagogues and New York landmarks, including Brooklyn'sMagen David Synagogue.[45]
Famous congregational members have includedSupreme Court JusticeRuth Bader Ginsburg, who wasconfirmed at East Midwood,[46] rather than having herbat mitzvah there, because (at the time) Conservative Judaism did not have bat mitzvah ceremonies for girls (a fact Ginsberg could not understand).[47][48] When Ginsberg was 13 she also had essays published in the synagogue's bulletin aboutStephen S. Wise, and on prejudice and world unity followingthe Holocaust.[47][48] FilmmakerMarc Levin was also a member;[49] Levin's grandfather, Herman Levin, had been a president of the East Midwood Jewish Center, and had also helped found, and been a long-time lay-leader of, theReconstructionist movement.[41][50]
East Midwood has also had members who have died under tragic circumstances, including Jason Sekzer, who was killed in theSeptember 11, 2001 attacks,[51] and Danny Farkas, a New York police lieutenant and National Guard soldier who died while stationed inKabul, Afghanistan.[52][53][54]
In 2018 scenes from the television seriesThe Marvelous Mrs. Maisel were filmed here.[55]
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