 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "East Hebei Autonomous Government" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(July 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
East Hebei Autonomous Government | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1935–1938 | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
 Map of the East Hebei Autonomous Government | |||||||||
| Status | Puppet state of theEmpire of Japan | ||||||||
| Capital | Tongzhou (1935–1937) Tangshan (1937–1938) | ||||||||
| Common languages | Mandarin,Japanese | ||||||||
| Government | Republic under adictatorship | ||||||||
| Chairman | |||||||||
• 1935–1937 | Yin Ju-keng | ||||||||
• 1937–1938 | Chi Zongmo [jp] | ||||||||
| Historical era | Second Sino-Japanese War | ||||||||
| 31 May 1933 | |||||||||
| 10 June 1935 | |||||||||
| 27 June 1935 | |||||||||
• Formed | 25 November 1935 | ||||||||
| 29 July 1937 | |||||||||
• Dissolved | 1 February 1938 | ||||||||
| Currency | Chi Tung Bank-issued yuan, on par withJapanese yen andManchukuo yuan | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | China ∟Beijing ∟Hebei | ||||||||
TheEast Hebei Autonomous Government (Chinese:冀東防共自治政府;pinyin:Jìdōng Fánggòng Zìzhì Zhèngfǔ),[1] also known as theEast Ji Autonomous Government and theEast Hebei Autonomous Anti-Communist Government, was a short-lived late-1930s state innorthern China. It has been described by historians as either a Japanesepuppet state or abuffer state.
After the creation ofManchukuo and subsequent military action by theImperial Japanese Army, which broughtNortheastern China east of theGreat Wall under Japanese control, theEmpire of Japan and theRepublic of China signed theTanggu Truce, which established ademilitarised zone south of the Great Wall, extending fromTianjin toBeiping. Under the terms of the truce and the subsequentHe-Umezu Agreement of 1935, this demilitarized zone was also purged of the political and military influence of theKuomintang government of China.
On 15 November 1935, the local Chinese administrator of the 22 counties inHebei province,Yin Ju-keng, proclaimed the territories under his control to be autonomous. Ten days later, on 25 November, he proclaimed them to be independent of the Republic of China and to have their capital atTongzhou. The new government immediately signed economic and military treaties with Japan. TheDemilitarized Zone Peace Preservation Corps that had been created by the Tanggu Truce was disbanded and reorganized as theEast Hebei Army with Japanese military support. The Japanese goal was toestablish a buffer zone between Manchukuo and China, but the pro-Japanese collaborationist regime was seen as an affront by the Chinese government and a violation of the Tanggu Truce.
The East Hebei Autonomous government received a response in the form of Gen.Song Zheyuan's Hebei-Chahar Political Government, which was under theNanjing government, launched on 18 December 1935.[2][3] Chinese soldiers remained in the area.[4]
In July 1936, a peasant uprising against the East Hebei Autonomous Government broke out inMiyun District. Led by an oldTaoist priest, the rebels were organized by theYellow Sand Society and managed to defeat anEast Hebei Army unit that was sent to suppress them.[5] Thereafter, theImperial Japanese Army mobilized to quell the uprising, defeating the peasant rebels by September. About 300 Yellow Sand insurgents were killed or wounded in the fighting.[6]
The East Hebei government survived theTongzhou mutiny in late July 1937 before being absorbed into the collaborationistProvisional Government of China in February 1938.
Authority control databases: National |
|---|
