Earl of Monmouth was a title that was created twice in thePeerage of England. The title was first created for English courtierRobert Carey, 1st Baron Carey in 1626. He had already been createdBaron Carey, of Leppington, in 1622, also in the Peerage of England. The titles became extinct upon the death of his son, the second Earl, who died without surviving male issue in 1661. The second creation, in 1689, was for the great-grandson of the first Earl of the first creation,Charles Mordaunt, 2nd Viscount Mordaunt. In 1697 he succeeded his uncle asEarl of Peterborough. See the latter title for more information.
In 1701,Charles Middleton, previously 2nd Earl of Middleton was awarded theJacobite peerages of Earl of Monmouth andViscount Clermont in the Peerage of England.