Footnotes / references Financials as of March 31, 2024[update].[1]
Electronic Arts Inc. (EA) is an Americanvideo game company headquartered inRedwood City, California. Founded in May 1982 by formerApple employeeTrip Hawkins, the company was a pioneer of the earlyhome computer game industry and promoted the designers and programmers responsible for its games as "software artists". EA published numerous games and some productivity software for personal computers, all of which were developed by external individuals or groups until 1987'sSkate or Die! The company shifted toward internal game studios, often through acquisitions, such asDistinctive Software becoming EA Canada in 1991.[2]
Trip Hawkins had been anApple Inc. employee since 1978, at a time when the firm had only about fifty employees. Over the next four years, the market for home personal computers skyrocketed. By 1982, Apple had completed itsinitial public offering (IPO) and become aFortune 500 company with over one thousand employees.[5] In February 1982, Hawkins arranged a meeting withDon Valentine ofSequoia Capital to discuss financing his new venture, Amazin' Software.[6] Valentine encouraged Hawkins to leave Apple, where the latter served as Director of Product Marketing, and allowed Hawkins to use Sequoia Capital's spare office space to start the company.[7] Trip Hawkins incorporated and established the company with a personal investment of an estimatedUS$200,000 on May 27, 1982.[5][8]: 89
For more than seven months, Hawkins refined his Electronic Artsbusiness plan. With aid from his first employee (with whom he worked in marketing at Apple), Rich Melmon, the original plan was written, mostly by Hawkins, on anApple II in Sequoia Capital's office in August 1982. During that time, Hawkins also employed two of his former staff from Apple, Dave Evans and Pat Marriott, asproducers, and a Stanford MBA classmate, Jeff Burton from Atari for international business development. The business plan was again refined in September and reissued on October 8, 1982. By November, the employee headcount rose to 11, including Tim Mott,Bing Gordon, David Maynard, and Steve Hayes.[9][5] Having outgrown the office space provided by Sequoia Capital, the company relocated to aSan Mateo office that overlooked theSan Francisco Airport landing path.
When he incorporated the company, Hawkins originally chose Amazin' Software as their company name, but his other early employees of the company universally disliked the name; as a result, the company changed its name to Electronic Arts in November 1982.[9] He scheduled an off-site meeting in thePajaro Dunes, where the company once held such off-site meetings.[10] Hawkins had developed the ideas of treating software as an art form and calling the developers "software artists". Hence, the latest version of the business plan suggested the name "SoftArt". Hawkins and Melmon knew the founders ofSoftware Arts, the creators ofVisiCalc, and thought their permission should be obtained.Dan Bricklin did not want the name used because it sounded too similar (perhaps "confusingly similar") toSoftware Arts; however, the name concept was liked by all the attendees. Hawkins had also recently read a bestselling book about the film studioUnited Artists and liked the reputation that the company had created. Hawkins said everyone had a vote, but they would lose it if they went to sleep.[11]
Electronic Arts' original corporate logo, designed by Barry Deutsch, 1982–1999[9]
Hawkins liked the word "electronic", and various employees had considered the phrases "Electronic Artists" and "Electronic Arts". When Gordon and others pushed for "Electronic Artists", in tribute to the film companyUnited Artists, Steve Hayes opposed, saying, "We're not the artists, they [the developers] are..." This statement from Hayes immediately tilted sentiment towards Electronic Arts and the name was unanimously endorsed and adopted later in 1982.[11] He recruited his original employees from Apple, Atari, Xerox PARC, and VisiCorp, and gotSteve Wozniak to agree to sit on the board of directors.[12] Hawkins was determined to sell directly to buyers. Combined with the fact that Hawkins was pioneering new game brands, this made sales growth more challenging. Retailers wanted to buy known brands from existing distribution partners. Former CEOLarry Probst arrived as VP of Sales in late 1984 and helped expand the already successful company. This policy of dealing directly with retailers gave EA higher margins and better market awareness, key advantages the company leveraged to leapfrog its early competitors.[5][13]
Promoting its developers was a trademark of EA's early days. Games were sold in square packages modeled afteralbum covers (such as those for 1983'sM.U.L.E. andPinball Construction Set).[14] Hawkins thought the packaging would both save costs and convey an artistic feeling.[14] EA routinely referred to their developers as "artists" and gave them photo credits in their games and full-page magazine ads. Their first such ad, accompanied by the slogan "We see farther," was the first video game advertisement to feature software designers.[13] EA shared lavish profits with their developers, which added to their industry appeal.
The Amiga will revolutionize the home computer industry. It's the first home machine that has everything you want and need for all the major uses of a home computer, including entertainment, education and productivity. The software we're developing for the Amiga will blow your socks off. We think the Amiga, with its incomparable power, sound and graphics, will give Electronic Arts and the entire industry a very bright future.
In the mid-1980s, Electronic Arts aggressively marketed products for theAmiga, a home computer introduced in 1985. Commodore had given EA development tools and prototype machines before Amiga's actual launch.[15]: 56 For Amiga EA published some notable non-game titles. A drawing programDeluxe Paint (1985) and its subsequent versions became perhaps the most famous piece of software available for Amiga platform. In addition, EA's Jerry Morrison conceived the idea of a file format that could store images, animations, sounds, and documents simultaneously, and would be compatible with third-party software. He wrote and released to the public theInterchange File Format, which soon became an Amiga standard.[16]: 45 Other Amiga programs released by EA includedDeluxe Music Construction Set,Instant Music[17] andDeluxe Paint Animation.[18] Some of them, most notablyDeluxe Paint, were ported to other platforms. For Macintosh EA released a black & white animation tool called Studio/1,[19] and a series of Paint titles called Studio/8 and Studio/32 (1990).[20]
Relationships between Electronic Arts and their external developers often became difficult when the latter missed deadlines or diverged from the former's creative directions. In 1987, EA releasedSkate or Die!, their first internally developed game. EA continued publishing their external developers' games while experimenting with their internal development strategy. This led to EA's decision of purchasing out a series of companies they identify as successful, as well as the decision to release annualized franchises to cut budget costs. Because of Trip Hawkins' obsession of simulating a sports game, he signed a contract with football coachJohn Madden that led to EA's developing and releasing annualMadden NFL games.[21]: 8 [21]: 10
In 1988, EA published a flight simulator game exclusively for Amiga,F/A-18 Interceptor, with filled-polygon graphics that were advanced for the time.[22][23] Another significant Amiga release (also initially available for Atari ST, later converted for other platforms) wasPopulous (1989) developed byBullfrog Productions. It was a pioneering title in the genre that was later called "god games".[24]: 282 In 1990, Electronic Arts began producingconsole games for theNintendo Entertainment System, after previously licensing its computer games to other console-game publishers.[25]
On March 26, 1990, Electronic Arts filed for an IPO at theNASDAQ stock exchange and went public under the ticker symbol "ERTS", opening at a split-adjusted price of $0.52.[26] The symbol was changed to "EA" on December 20, 2011.[27]
1991–2007: Larry Probst era, continuous expansion, and success into the new millennium
In 1991, Trip Hawkins stepped down as EA's CEO and was succeeded by Larry Probst.[24]: 186 Hawkins went on to found the now-defunct3DO Company, but still remained EA's chair until July 1994. In October 1993, 3DO developed the3DO Interactive Multiplayer, which at the time was the most powerful game console. Once a critic of game consoles, Hawkins had conceived a console that unlike its competitors would not require a first-party license to be marketed, and was intended to appeal to the PC market. Electronic Arts was The 3DO Company's primary partner in sponsoring their console, showcasing on it their latest games. With a retail price of US$700 (equivalent to $1,523.68 in 2024) compared to its competitors' $100, the console lagged in sales, and with the 1995 arrival to North America of Sony'sPlayStation, a cheaper and more powerful alternative, combined with a lower quality of the 3DO's software library as abackfiring of its liberal license policy, it fell further behind and lost competition. Electronic Arts dropped its support for 3DO in favor of the PlayStation, 3DO's production ceased in 1996 and, for the remainder of the company's lifetime, 3DO developed video games for other consoles and theIBM PC until it folded in 2003.[5][11][28]: 79 [24]: 283 [24]: 646 [29]
EA headquarters in October 2007
In 1994, Electronic Arts andTHQ signed a licensing agreement to develop and release EA's titles, likeJohn Madden Football,FIFA International Soccer,Shaq Fu,Jungle Strike andUrban Strike for various consoles.[30] In 1995, Electronic Arts won theEuropean Computer Trade Show award for best software publisher of the year.[31] As the company was still expanding, they opted to purchase space inRedwood Shores, California in 1995 for construction of a new headquarters,[32] which was completed in 1998.[5] Early in 1997,Next Generation identified Electronic Arts as the only company to regularly profit from video games over the past five years, and noted it had "a critical track record second to none".[33] In 1999, EA replaced their long-running Shapes logo with one based on the EA Sports logo used at the time. EA also started to use a brand-specific structure around this time, such as names likeWestwood Studios,Maxis,Jane's Combat Simulations andBullfrog Productions, as well as the short-lived label Gonzo Games with the main publishing side of the company (also known as Action and Entertainment) rebranding to EA Games in 2000.[34] TheEA Sports brand was retained for major sports titles, the newEA Sports Big label would be used for casual sports titles with an arcade twist, and the full Electronic Arts name would be used for co-published and distributed titles.[9][35] EA began to move toward direct distribution of digital games and services with the acquisition of the popular online gaming sitePogo.com in 2001.[36] In 2009, EA acquired the London-based social gaming startupPlayfish.[37]
In December 1997, Electronic Arts ended their Japanese publishing joint-venture withVictor Entertainment, entitledElectronic Arts Victor, and purchased out Victor's 35% stake in the venture.[38] On May 1, 1998, Electronic Arts announced the formation of twojoint-ventures withSquare.[39] The first; Electronic Arts Square K.K., would publish Electronic Arts' titles in Japan and also developed thePlayStation 2 launch titleX-Squad.[40] The second; Square Electronic Arts L.L.C., would publish Square's titles in North America. The venture was described as a success by Square, as it allowed the company to release more of their titles in the North American market.[41] In February 2003, with the preparation of Square and Enix's merger intoSquare Enix; both partnerships were announced to be dissolved at the end of March with each partner buying the other's shares.[42][43] Electronic Arts Square was renamed as Electronic Arts K.K. and began self-publishing EA's titles in Japan from then on[44] while Square Electronic Arts was folded under Square Enix's North American operations.
In 2004, EA made a multimillion-dollar donation to fund the development of game production curriculum atthe University of Southern California's Interactive Media Division. On February 1, 2006, Electronic Arts announced that it would cut worldwide staff by 5 percent.[45] On June 20, 2006, EA purchasedMythic Entertainment, who are finished makingWarhammer Online.[46] After Sega'sESPN NFL 2K5 successfully grabbed market share away from EA's dominant Madden NFL series during the 2004 holiday season, EA responded by making several large sports licensing deals which include an exclusive agreement with theNFL, and in January 2005, a 15-year deal withESPN.[47] The ESPN deal gave EA exclusive first rights to all ESPN content for sports simulation games. On April 11, 2005, EA announced a similar, 6-year licensing deal with theCollegiate Licensing Company (CLC) for exclusive rights tocollege football content.[48]
Much of EA's success, both in terms of sales and with regards to its stock market valuation, is due to its strategy of platform-agnostic development and the creation of strong multi-year franchises. EA was the first publisher to release yearly updates of its sports franchises—Madden,FIFA,NHL,NBA Live,Tiger Woods, etc.—with updated player rosters and small graphical and gameplay tweaks.[49] Recognizing the risk of franchise fatigue among consumers, EA announced in 2006 that it would concentrate more of its effort on creating new original intellectual property.[50] In September 2006,Nokia and EA announced a partnership in which EA becomes an exclusive major supplier of mobile games to Nokia mobile devices through the Nokia Content Discoverer. In the beginning, Nokia customers were able to download seven EA titles (Tetris,Tetris Mania,The Sims 2,Doom,FIFA 06,Tiger Woods PGA Tour 06 andFIFA Street 2) on the holiday season in 2006. Rick Simonson is the executive vice-president and director of Nokia and starting from 2006 is affiliated withJohn Riccitiello and are partners.[51]
2007–2013: John Riccitiello era
John Riccitiello at Web Summit 2017
In February 2007, Probst stepped down from the CEO job while remaining on the board of directors. His handpicked successor isJohn Riccitiello, who had worked at EA for several years previously, departed for a while, and then returned.[52] Riccitiello previously worked forElevation Partners,Sara Lee andPepsiCo. In June 2007, new CEO John Riccitiello announced that EA would reorganize itself into four labels, each with responsibility for its own product development and publishing (the city-state model). The goal of the reorganization was to empower the labels to operate more autonomously, streamline decision-making, increase creativity and quality, and get games into the market faster.[53] This reorganization came after years of consolidation and acquisition by EA of smaller studios, which some in the industry blamed for a decrease in quality of EA titles. In 2008, at the DICE Summit, Riccitiello called the earlier approach of "buy and assimilate" a mistake, often stripping smaller studios of its creative talent. Riccitiello said that the city-state model allows independent developers to remain autonomous to a large extent, and cited Maxis andBioWare as examples of studios thriving under the new structure.[54][55]
In February 2008, it was revealed that Electronic Arts had made a takeover bid for rival game companyTake-Two Interactive. After its initial offer ofUS$25 per share, all cash stock transaction offer was rejected by the Take-Two board, EA revised it toUS$26 per share, a 64% premium over the previous day's closing price and made the offer known to the public.[57] Rumours had been floating around the Internet prior to the offer about Take-Two possibly being bought over by a bigger company, albeit withViacom as the potential bidder.[58][59] In May 2008, EA announced that it would purchase the assets of Hands-On Mobile Korea, a South Korean mobile game developer and publisher. The company became EA Mobile Korea.[60] In September 2008, EA dropped its buyout offer of Take-Two. No reason was given.[61]
As of November 6, 2008, it was confirmed that Electronic Arts is closing their Casual Label & merging it with theirHasbro partnership withThe Sims Label.[62] EA also confirmed the departure of Kathy Vrabeck, who was given the position as former president of the EA Casual Division in May 2007. EA made this statement about the merger: "We've learned a lot about casual entertainment in the past two years, and found that casual gaming defies a single genre and demographic. With the retirement and departure of Kathy Vrabeck, EA is reorganizing to integrate casual games—development and marketing—into other divisions of our business. We are merging our Casual Studios, Hasbro partnership, and Casual marketing organization with The Sims Label to be a new Sims and Casual Label, where there is a deep compatibility in the product design, marketing and demographics. ... In the days and weeks ahead, we will make further announcements on the reporting structure for the other businesses in the Casual Label including EA Mobile, Pogo, Media Sales and Online Casual Initiatives. Those businesses remain growth priorities for EA and deserve strong support in a group that will complement their objectives."[63] This statement comes a week after EA announced it was laying off 6% about 600 of their staff positions and had aUS$310 million net loss for the quarter.[64]
Due to the2008 economic crisis, Electronic Arts had a poorer than expected 2008 holiday season, moving it in February 2009 to cut approximately 1,100 jobs, which it said represented about 11% of its workforce. It also closed 12 of their facilities. Riccitiello, in a conference call with reporters, stated that their poor performance in the fourth quarter was not due entirely to the poor economy, but also to the fact that they did not release any blockbuster titles in the quarter. In the quarter ending December 31, 2008, the company lostUS$641 million. On February 2, 2009, Ludlum Entertainment had signed a deal with Electronic Arts to grant exclusive rights to bring the work ofRobert Ludlum into video gaming.[65] As of early May 2009, the subsidiary studio EA Redwood Shores was known as Visceral Games.[66][67] On June 24, 2009, EA announced it would merge two of its development studios,BioWare andMythic into one singlerole-playing video game andMMO development powerhouse. The move placed Mythic under control of BioWare asRay Muzyka andGreg Zeschuk went in direct control of the new entity.[68] By fall 2012, both Muzyka and Zeschuk had chosen to depart the merged entity in a joint retirement announcement.[69][70][71]
On November 9, 2009, EA announced layoffs of 1,500 employees, representing 17% of its workforce, across a number of studios including EA Tiburon,Visceral Games,Mythic andEA Black Box. Also affected were "projects and support activities" that, according to Chief Financial Officer Eric Brown "don't make economic sense",[72] resulting in the shutdown of popular communities such as Battlefield News and the EA Community Team. These layoffs also led to the complete shutdown ofPandemic Studios.[73]
"Chillingo" redirects here; not to be confused withChilango.
In October 2010, EA announced the acquisition of England-based iPhone and iPad games publisher Chillingo forUS$20 million in cash. Chillingo published the popularAngry Birds for iOS andCut the Rope for all platforms, but the deal did not include those properties,[74] soCut the Rope became published byZeptoLab, andAngry Birds became published byRovio Entertainment. On May 4, 2011, EA reported $3.8 billion in revenues for the fiscal year ending March 2011, and on January 13, 2012, EA announced that it had exceeded $1 billion in digital revenue during the previous calendar year.[75] In a note to employees, EA CEO John Riccitiello called this "an incredibly important milestone" for the company.[76]
In June 2011, EA launchedOrigin, an online service to sell downloadable games for personal computers directly to consumers.[77] Around this time,Valve, which runsSteam in direct competition with Origin, announced changes to storefront policy disallowing games that used in-game purchases that were not tied to Steam's purchasing process, and removed several of EA's games, includingCrysis 2,Dragon Age II, andAlice: Madness Returns in 2012.[78] Although it released a new packaged version ofCrysis 2 that included all the downloadable content without the storefront features, EA did not publish any additional games on Steam until 2019, instead selling all personal computer versions of games through Origin.[79]
In July 2011, EA announced that it had acquiredPopCap Games, the company behind games such asPlants vs. Zombies,Peggle andBejeweled.[80] EA continued its shift toward digital goods in 2012, folding its mobile-focused EA Interactive (EAi) division "into other organizations throughout the company, specifically those divisions led by EA Labels president Frank Gibeau, COO Peter Moore, and CTO Rajat Taneja, and EVP of digital Kristian Segerstrale."[75]
2013–2022: Andrew Wilson era, Disney partnership, and monetization
On March 18, 2013, John Riccitiello announced that he would be stepping down as CEO and a member of the Board of Directors on March 30, 2013. Larry Probst was also appointed executive chairman on the same day.[81] Andrew Wilson was named as the new CEO of EA by September 2013.[82] In April 2013, EA announced a reorganization which was to include dismissal of 10% of their workforce, consolidation of marketing functions which were distributed among the five label organizations, and subsumption of Origin operational leadership under the President of Labels.[83][84] EA acquired the lucrative exclusive license to develop games within theStar Wars universe fromDisney in May 2013, shortly after Disney's closure of its internalLucasArts game development in 2013. EA secured its license from 2013 through 2023, and began to assign newStar Wars projects across several of its internal studios, includingBioWare,DICE,Visceral Games,Motive Studios, Capital Games and external developerRespawn Entertainment.[85][86]
In April 2015, EA announced that it would be shutting down various free-to-play games in July of that year, includingBattlefield Heroes,Battlefield Play4Free,Need for Speed: World, andFIFA World.[87] The reorganization and revised marketing strategy lead to a gradual increase in stock value. In July 2015, Electronic Arts reached an all-time high with a stock value of US$71.63, surpassing the previous February 2005 record of $68.12. This is also up 54% from $46.57 in early January 2015. The surge was partly attributed to EA's then-highly anticipatedStar Wars Battlefront reboot, which released one month beforeStar Wars: The Force Awakens, also highly anticipated.[88]
DuringE3 2015, EA vice-president Patrick Söderlund announced that the company would start investing more on smaller titles such asUnravel so as to broaden the company's portfolio.[89] On December 10, 2015, EA announced a new division called Competitive Gaming Division, which focuses on creating competitive game experience and organizingESports events. It was once headed byPeter Moore.[90] In May 2016, Electronic Arts announced that they had formed a new internal division called Frostbite Labs. The new department specializes in creating new projects forvirtual reality platforms, and "virtual humans". The new department is located inStockholm andVancouver.[91] EA announced the closure of Visceral Games in October 2017. Prior, Visceral had been supporting EA's other games but was also working on aStar Wars title namedProject Ragtag since EA's acquisition of theStar Wars license, even hiringAmy Hennig to direct the project. While EA did not formally give a reason for the closure, industry pundits believed that EA was concerned about the principally single-player game which would be difficult to monetize, as well as the slow pace of development.[92]
EA's original approach to themicrotransactions inStar Wars Battlefront II sparked an industry-wide debate on the use of random-contentloot boxes. While other games had used loot boxes, EA's original approach withinBattlefront II from its early October 2017 launch included using such mechanics forpay to win gameplay elements, as well as locking variousStar Wars characters behind expensive paywalls, leading several gaming journalists and players to complain. EA modified some of the costs of these elements in anticipation of the game's full November 2017 launch, but they were reportedly told by Disney to disable all microtransactions until they could come up with a fairer monetization scheme.[93] By March 2018, EA had developed a fairer system that eliminated the pay to win elements and drastically reduced costs for unlocking characters. The controversy overBattlefront II's loot boxes led to an 8.5% drop in stock value in one month—about $3.1 billion and impacted EA's financial results for the following quarters.[94] Furthermore, the visibility of this controversy led to debate at government levels around the world to determine if loot boxes were a form of gambling and if they should be regulated.[95][96][97]
In January 2018, EA announced eMLS, a new competitive league for EA Sports'FIFA 18 through its Competitive Gaming Division (CGD) andMLS.[98] That same month, EA teamed up withESPN andDisney XD in a multi-year pact to broadcastMadden NFL competitive matches across the world through its Competitive Gaming Division arm.[99] On August 14, 2018, Patrick Söderlund announced his departure from EA as its vice-president and chief design officer, after serving twelve years with the company. With Söderlund's departure, the SEED group was moved as part of EA's studios, while the EA Originals and EA Partners teams were moved under the company's Strategic Growth group.[100]
On February 6, 2019, Electronic Arts' stock value was hit by a decline of 13.3%, the worst decline since Halloween 2008. This was largely due to the marketing of their anticipated titleBattlefield V, which was released after the holiday season of October 2018. Stocks were already declining since late August, when EA announced thatBattlefield V's release would be delayed until November. Upon release, the game was met with a mixed reception, and EA sold one million fewer copies than their expected figure of 7.3 million. Also attributed to the stock plunge was the game's lack of the game modeBattle Royale, popularized byPlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds and thenFortnite.[101] Stocks then surged 9.6% with the surprise release ofApex Legends, which garnered 25 million players in just one week, significantly surpassingFortnite's record of 10 million players in two weeks.[102][103] In advance of the end of its financial quarter ending March 31, 2019, Wilson announced they were cutting about 350 jobs, or about 4% of its workforce, primarily from their marketing, publishing, and operations divisions. Wilson stated the layoffs were necessary to "address our challenges and prepare for the opportunities ahead".[104]
EA announced in October 2019 that it would be returning to release games on Steam, starting with the November 2019 release ofStar Wars: Jedi Fallen Order, as well as bringing the EA Access subscription service to Steam. While EA plans to continue to sell games on Origin, the move to add Steam releases was to help get more consumers to see their offerings.[105] Due to COVID-19 lockdowns and growing demand for online games, EA's revenue grew to $1.4bn in the first quarter of 2020.[106] EA rebranded both EA Access and Origin toEA Play on August 18, 2020, but otherwise without changing the subscription price or services offered as part of a streamlining effort.[107] In December 2020, EA placed a bid to buyCodemasters, a British developer of racing games, in a deal worth $1.2 billion, outbidding an earlier offer placed byTake-Two Interactive.[108] The acquisition, agreed to by Codemasters, was completed by February 18, 2021, with all shares of Codemasters transferred to Codex Games Limited, a subsidiary of EA. Wilson stated that "the franchises in our combined portfolio will enable us to create innovative new experiences and bring more players into the excitement of cars and motorsport".[109][110]
In January 2021, Disney announced it had revived theLucasfilm Games label for its licensed video game properties and announced new games including a newStar Wars game that would be developed byUbisoft aimed for release in 2023, indicating that EA's ten-year exclusive license in 2013 to theStar Wars property was likely not extended.[111] EA still maintained a non-exclusive license toStar Wars games, affirming more titles would be coming following this announcement.[112] As of February 2021, EA'sStar Wars games had sold more than 52 million copies and brought in more than$3 billion in revenue.[112] After a six-year absence from producing college sports-based game due to legal issues related to student athlete likenesses with theNCAA, EA announced in February 2021 that it was returning to college sports with a plannedEA Sports College Football title to likely be released in 2023.[113] The company announced its plans to extend its mobile commitment in February 2021 by acquiringGlu Mobile in an deal estimated worth$2.1 billion.[114] The acquisition was completed by the end of April 2021.[115]
ThePublic Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia acquired 7.4 million shares of EA, valued at$1.1 billion, in February 2021.[116] Former CEO and current chairman Probst stated in May 2021 he was retiring from the company. Current EA CEO Wilson took over as chairman.[117] In June 2021, EA confirmed that they had suffered a data breach, with game and engine source code taken from their servers, including the source for the Frostbite Engine andFIFA 21; EA assured no player or user data had been obtained. Hackers that had taken the code had started selling it around on thedark web.[118] The perpetuators of this breach began to extort EA for money in July, releasing small portions of the data to public forums and threatening to release more if their demands were not met.[119]
EA acquired mobile game developer Playdemic Studios in Manchester, England fromWarner Bros. Interactive Entertainment in June 2021 for$1.4 billion, following the merger ofDiscovery, Inc. withWarnerMedia. As of June 2021, the acquisition was expected to complete by 2022.[120] In their SEC filings in September 2021, the company said that current CFO and COO Blake Jorgensen would be stepping down by mid-2022. The company's COO role was taken over by Chief Studios OfficerLaura Miele, while a search for a new CFO was launched.[121] LongtimeMicrosoft executive Chris Suh was later appointed as CFO in March 2022.[122][123] Industry reports around May 2022 asserted that EA had been looking to be acquired by larger media firms, including Disney, Apple, andComcast/NBCUniversal. These reports said that EA had been nearing a final deal that would have had NBCUniversal spun out from Comcast before bringing EA within it.Amazon was also mentioned as a possible customer for EA;CNBC reported in late August that Amazon was no longer interested in a takeover.[124]
2023–present: Internal restructuring and layoffs
In January 2023, EA cancelled development onApex Legends Mobile and Battlefield Mobile, leading to the shutdown of developerIndustrial Toys.[125] On February 28, 2023, EA eliminated 200 QA testers from its Baton Rouge, Louisiana office. The testers predominantly worked onRespawn Entertainment'sApex Legends battle royale game.[126] On March 29, EA announced it would lay off 6% of its workforce, or 775 employees.[127][128]
In June 2023, EA announced an internal reorganization of the company. CEO Andrew Wilson announced a realignment of the company into two organizations – EA Sports and EA Entertainment – both of which would report directly to him, having Laura Miele, previously Chief Studios Officer and COO, as the president of EA Entertainment, and Cam Weber, formerly EVP and group General Manager of EA Sports as president of EA Sports.Vince Zampella, Samantha Ryan, and Jeff Karp continued on EA Entertainment, leading and overseeing specific studios under EA Entertainment. Also announced in the same day, CFO Chris Suh and chief experience officer Chris Bruzzo would be leaving the company at the end of the month, with the first leaving for another company while the other going to retire. In place of Suh as CFO came Stuart Canfield, a 20-year veteran of the company who had most recently been serving as SVP of enterprise finance and investor relations, while the company's new chief experiences officer became David Tinson, previously the company's chief marketing officer.[129][130][131]
On August 23, EA announced it was eliminating 50 roles atBioWare, or 20% of its workforce.[132][133] A group of former employees later sued EA, seeking better severance following their layoffs.[134]
In December 2023, EAlaid off an unknown number ofCodemasters employees.[135][136] In February 2024, EA announced that it would lay off 670 employees, or 5% of its global workforce. The cuts came with the cancellation of a first-person shooter set in theStar Wars universe, and that the company would be moving away from licensed IP in favor of EA-owned franchises.[137]
In July 2024, actor labor unionScreen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA), which also has numerous video game voice actors as members, would initiate alabor strike against a number of video publishers, including EA, over concerns about lack ofA.I. protections not only for video game actors, but also the use of A.I to replicate an actor’s voice, or create a digital replica of their likeness.[138][139]
In January 2025, EA lowered its upcoming annual revenue forecast due to the underperformance of bothEA Sports FC 25 (September 2024) andDragon Age: The Veilguard (October 2024).[140][141][142]Bloomberg reported that "EA pinned most of the blame on its soccer title".[141] Later that month, EA restructured and downsized BioWare;[143][144] the studio "is now down from more than 200 people two years ago to less than 100".[145]PC Gamer highlighted that "well-known BioWare veterans" are no longer at the company and "collectively, the cuts represent a major loss of creative talent for the studio, and bears echoes of BioWare's layoff of roughly 50 employees in 2023".[143]
Since 1983 and the 1987 release of itsSkate or Die!, Electronic Arts has respectively published and developed games, bundles, as well as a handful of earlier productivity software.
As of April 2021, Electronic Arts' largest acquisition is the purchase ofGlu Mobile, for $2.4 billion. Of the 39 companies acquired by EA, 20 are based in the U.S., five in the United Kingdom, six inContinental Europe, and eight elsewhere. The majority of these companies and studios are nowdefunct, with some having been merged into other entities. Of the six companies which EA purchased a stake in, two remaining companies are based in the U.S., while three other American companies are defunct. After acquiring a 19.9% stake in France-basedUbisoft in 2004, EA sold a remaining 14.8% stake in it in 2010.[146][147]Since June 2023, the company is organized in two main divisions: EA Entertainment Technology & Central Development (EA Entertainment for short, formerly EA Games) and EA Sports.[148]
EA Gothenburg inGothenburg, Sweden; founded in March 2011.[157] From March 2011 to November 2012, the studio was namedEA Gothenburg. From November 2012 to January 2020, the studio was namedGhost Games, until the original name came back.[158]
Ripple Effect Studios inLos Angeles, California; established in May 2013, previously a subsidiary of DICE called DICE Los Angeles,[175] and a support studio before becoming its own company and being renamed in 2021.[176] Some of the staff were originally fromDanger Close Games.[177]
EA Chicago inHoffman Estates, Illinois; founded in February 2004, the studio closed in November 2007.
EA Chillingo inMacclesfield, England; acquired in October 2010,[188] reduced to bare staff in 2017 to primarily support mobile publishing,[189] dissolved in June 2023.[190]
Mythic Entertainment inFairfax, Virginia; acquired in July 2006 asEA Mythic, the studio becameMythic Entertainment in July 2008, thenBioWare Mythic in June 2009 and againMythic Entertainment in 2012. The studio closed in May 2014.[198][199]
Ridgeline Games inSeattle, Washington founded in October 2021, closed in February 2024.[203][204]
Uprise inUppsala, Sweden; founded asUprise and acquired in 2012 asESN. From 2014, the studio was namedUprise again. It merged into DICE Stockholm in 2019.[205]
Victory Games inLos Angeles, California; founded in February 2011 asBioWare Victory, the studio was renamed in November 2012 and closed in October 2013.
The EA Competitive Gaming Division (CGD), founded in 2015 by Peter Moore and currently headed by Todd Sitrin, is the group dedicated on enabling global eSports competitions on EA's biggest franchises includingFIFA,Madden NFL,Battlefield and more.[214]
SEED
The Search for Extraordinary Experiences Division (SEED) was revealed at the2017 Electronic Entertainment Expo as a technology research division and incubator, using tools likedeep learning andneural networks to bring in player experiences and other external factors to help them develop more immersive narratives and games.[215][216] SEED has offices in Los Angeles and Stockholm.[217]
Former labels
EA Kids — A label for educational titles. In January 1995, EA sold the label to and in conjunction withCapital Cities/ABC formed the independent ABC/EA Home Software, which was later absorbed intoCreative Wonders in that year's May.[218][219][220] In October 1997, EA and ABC sold Creative Wonders toThe Learning Company for $40 million.[221]
EA Sports Big — A label used from 2000 to 2008 for arcade-styled sports games.
EA Sports Freestyle — A short-lived replacement for EA Sports Big used from 2008 to 2009, which focused exclusively on casual sports games, regardless of genre. Later arcade and extreme sports game released by EA, such asSSX (2012),NFL Blitz (2012),NBA Jam (2010), and theSkate series used the EA Sports or EA label instead.[35][222]
Electronic Arts Studios
EA Games- A label used for non-sports games between 2000 and 2005. In 2005 the label was dropped and non-sports games used a EA label instead.
Partnership and initiatives
EA Partners program (1997–present)
EA Partners'co-publishing program was dedicated to publishing and distributing games developed by third-party developers. EA Partners began as EA Distribution, formed in 1997 and led by Tom Frisina, a former executive fromAccolade and Three-Sixty who helped both companies find third-party developers as to provide publishing support for them. Frisina's early partners includedLooking Glass Studios,MGM Interactive for the rights to theJames Bond property,DreamWorks Interactive, and eventuallyDICE; in the latter two cases, these studios were acquired by EA as part of the EA DICE family.[223] In 2003, EA's president John Riccitiello pushed for a renaming of the EA Distribution label, seeing the potential to bring in more independent developers and additional revenue streams. While they rebranded the label as EA Partners in 2003, Riccitiello left EA the following year, which disrupted the direction the label had been aiming to go.[223][224]
Oddworld Inhabitants, who had signed on with EA Partner for their nextOddworld games, found the situation difficult as EA Partners was reluctant to support games where they did not own the intellectual property rights and instead favored internal development.[223] The situation with EA Partners switched gears in 2005 after EA andValve signed an EA Partners deal for the physical distribution ofThe Orange Box; EA Partners realized it needed to be flexible to handle the different publishing opportunities presented to them. A similar breakthrough was reached with signing onHarmonix for the distribution of theRock Band games, requiring them to work closely withMTV Games on the plastic instrument controllers necessary for the titles.[223] A number of major partnerships were made over the next few years, includingNamco Bandai,Crytek,Starbreeze Studios,id Software,Epic Games andPeople Can Fly,Double Fine Productions,Grasshopper Manufacture,Spicy Horse, andRealtime Worlds.[223] While many of these partnerships proved successful, the division had two major marks on its name. It was associated with the situation aroundKingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning developed by38 Studios, which had been significantly backed by loans from taxpayer funds from the state ofRhode Island.Kingdoms failed to be commercially successful, and EA Partners pulled out of making a sequel, leaving 38 Studios in default of its loan payback to the state. Secondly, whileThe Secret World fromFuncom launched as a subscription game, Funcom had to switch their monetization model to free-to-play to improve their revenues, which further affected EA Partners.[better source needed][225]
Around April 2013, as part of a large 1000-employee layoff, many reporters claimed that EA Partners was also being shut down for its poor commercial performance,[226] but the program remained active as the company refocused its efforts.[227] The label remained dormant over the next several years, while Letts expanded on the EA Originals program, but following the move of EA Partners and EA Origins into the Strategic Growth group in August 2018,[228] the label was revived on the March 2019 with a publishing deal withVelan Studios, which ended up releasing under Originals asKnockout City.[229]
EA Originals is a label within Electronic Arts own EA Partners program to help supportindependently developed video games. EA funds the money for development, and once it recoups that, all additional revenue goes to the partner studio that created the game. That studio also gets to keep the intellectual property rights for whatever it creates, and even has creative control over the project. The program was announced at EA's press event at the 2016 E3 Conference, and builds upon the success they had withUnravel from Coldwood Interactive in 2015. The first game to be supported under this program wasFe byZoink, released in 2018.[232][233] It was followed byA Way Out fromHazelight Studios,Unravel Two from Coldwood Interactive andSea of Solitude from Jo-Mei Games.[234]
In 2019, during its EA Play event, EA teased three new titles. Among the games featured wereLost in Random from Zoink and an unnamed title from Hazelight Studios. It was also announced that Glowmade would be entering the initiative with a title calledRustHeart.[235] In June 2020, Hazelight Studios' untitled project was revealed asIt Takes Two and was released the following year to critical acclaim.
In February 2023, Jeff Gamon, general manager of EA Partners, which oversees the Originals label, said the label would invest on bigger games, although for those cases the deal would not be as generous as the smaller games, as those are larger companies. Gamon said that the company still plans to release smaller and niche games, and do not want to completely abandon its roots.[236] One such title,Wild Hearts was developed byKoei Tecmo'sOmega Force; it was released in 2023 under the Originals label.Immortals of Aveum was released the same year.[237]
In December 2023, EA announcedTales of Kenzera: Zau under the Originals label.[238] In December 2024, EA announcedSplit Fiction under the Originals label as their third collaboration with Hazelight Studios.[239]
Since the mid-2010s, Electronic Arts has been in the center of numerous controversies involving acquisitions of companies and alleged anti-consumerist practices in their individual games, as well as lawsuits alleging EA's anti-competition when signing sports-related contracts.
^米Electronic Arts、スクウェアと合弁事業解消 EAスクウェアからエレクトロニック・アーツへ [Electronic Arts and Square dissolve joint venture EA Square becomes Electronic Arts].Game Watch Impress (in Japanese). February 19, 2003.Archived from the original on November 6, 2009. RetrievedDecember 3, 2022.
^Wingfield, Nick (June 3, 2011)."EA to Test Its Might Online".The Wall Street Journal.Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. RetrievedAugust 3, 2017.
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