 | |
| Full name | Public-State Association "All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Society «Dynamo»[1] |
|---|---|
| Founded | 18 April 1923; 102 years ago (1923-04-18) |
| Based in | Moscow,Russia |
| Chairman | Anatoly Nikolaevich Gulevsky[2] (since 5 December 2019) |
| Website | www |
"Dynamo", alsoDinamo (Russian:Динамо,romanized: Dinamo;Ukrainian:Динамо,romanized: Dynamo;Belarusian:Дынама,romanized: Dynama;Georgian:დინამო,romanized:dinamo), is asports andfitness society created in 1923 in theSoviet Union. The society was an association of multi-sport clubs whose members were drawn from theNKVD and, afterWorld War II, theMVD and theKGB. With the Soviet occupation ofEastern Europe after World War II, similar Dynamo societies were established throughout theEastern Bloc, such asSV Dynamo (East Germany).
The name given to the society was supposed to mean "Power in Motion", taken from theGreek: δύναμις;dynamis -power, andLatin:motio, -motion. Not coincidentally, this term was first coined earlier by a Belgian inventorZénobe Gramme for theelectrical generator. Dynamo, together with Armed Forces sports societies, made up the universal system of physical education and sports of the USSR. Forty-five sports disciplines were sanctioned by the society in 1971. It had some 6,000 sports facilities and 43Children and Youth Sport Schools.[citation needed]
The "Dinamo" society was officially created on 18 April 1923, onFelix Dzerzhinsky's initiative[3] and under the sponsorship of theState Political Directorate (GPU), the Sovietpolitical police, the predecessor of other later created Soviet security structures such asKGB,NKVD andMVD. For the rest of the society's history in the Soviet period, it maintained some connection with the state security apparatus.[4] The forerunner of Dynamo was theState Political Directorate Physical Culture society that existed since 1917.[5][6]
On 12 August 1923 in Moscow at Orlovo-Davydovsky pereulok (lane) was opened the first Dynamo stadium named after Dzerzhinsky. On 23 August 1923 the presidium of the Moscow Proletarian Sports Society Dynamo reviewed a petition of the Penza Governorate GPU Political Department about establishing of the local Proletarian Sports Society Dynamo. This was the first practical step in development of departmental sports society on nationwide scale. On 1 – 16 September 1923 the Moscow Proletarian Sports Society Dynamo participated in the First All-Union Festival of Physical Culture in Moscow. On 11 September 1923 the Moscow Proletarian Sports Society Dynamo dispatched two of its members toPetrograd to organize local Dynamo society in the city. On 2 October 1923 theAll-Union Council of Physical Culture considering specifics of the GPU activities admitted as practical the existence of the GPU sports organization "Dynamo". On 16 October 1923 the All-Union Council of Physical Culture adopted a resolution "About Central Council of the PSS Dynamo". On 11 December 1923 Dynamo opened its own cinema theater at Rusakovskaya ulica in Moscow.
On 2 January 1924 there was opened the first Dynamo specialized store at Kuznetsky bridge in Moscow. On 1 August 1924Genrikh Yagoda was appointed one of the members of the All-Union Council of Physical Culture fromOGPU. On 1 October 1924 OGPU issued its order "On establishment of the Central Council of proletarian sports societies (PSS) Dynamo and about organization of local PSS Dynamo". The Central Council was officially founded on 8 October, but its functions continued to be performed by council of the Moscow PSS Dynamo until April 1926.
On 22 November 1927 the society became a sponsor ofFizkultura i sport publisher and mandated its members to subscribe to the publisher's magazine. On 8 August 1929 took place a final match of the First All-Union football championship of Dynamo society, which involved over 40 teams. During the game Dynamo Moscow beat Dynamo Ukraine becoming the first champions. In 1932 there existed 309 regional PSS and 2249 district-level cells of Dynamo.
On 22 November 1935 Central Council of the Dynamo sports society dispatched a brigade of Dynamo for three months to help organize sports activities at the mine "Central coal mine – Irmino" on help call ofAlexey Stakhanov. On 26 November 1935 Central Council of Dynamo congratulated "Dynamo–Ukraine" with 5th anniversary in organization of the first in the Soviet Union sports aviation by group of enthusiasts fromKharkiv. Experience of the Ukrainian aviation section was used to unfold activities in training of pilots in the Dynamo's organization system as well as theOsoaviakhim. At the end of 1935 Central Council ofKomsomol and Presidium of the All-Union Council of Physical Culture adopted a decision to pay leading sports people for their physical culture activities.
On 14 December 1936 Central Council of Dynamo paid all its players and coach of the football team 500 rubles at the end of season. In 1937 the sports club was honored with the SovietOrder of Lenin. On 16 November 1938 chairman of the All-Union Committee of Physical Culture and Sports recognized Dynamo as a founding father ofSambo martial art.
In 1939 all regional Proletarian Sports Society were merged into one All-Union fitness and sports society "Dynamo". On 31 July 1940 the Government Commission honored the Dynamo sports society with Red Banner for performance in the All-Union Physical Culture parade at the Moscow's Red Square.
On 23 July 1941, the Central Council of the Dynamo sports society was evacuated toKazan due to advancement of Nazi Germany to Moscow.
On 31 August 1954 the central council and all leadership posts of the sports society became fully elected rather than being appointed as before.
The name of the society also became well-known internationally through many clubs in various sports, initially created under the auspices of the Soviet Dynamo society (a partial list of sports includesfootball (soccer),bandy,ice hockey,basketball,volleyball, andhandball) or just bore the name "Dynamo", with many such clubs attaining much international acclaim, such as in football:KF Dinamo Tirana,Dinamo Baku,FC Dinamo București,Dinamo Sofia,FC Dynamo Kyiv,FC Dynamo Moscow,FC Dinamo Tbilisi,FC Dinamo Minsk,FC Dinamo Brest,JK Dünamo Tallinn,NK Dinamo Zagreb (Croatia),Sportvereinigung Dynamo (East Germany: includingBFC Dynamo,SG Dynamo Dresden andSC Dynamo Berlin), in ice hockey:HC Dynamo Moscow,Dynamo Kyiv (now Sokil Kyiv),HC Dinamo Minsk, andDinamo Riga. Similarly-named clubs were created in many countries of theEastern bloc. Many clubs, now transformed into the regular private clubs of their respective national leagues, still function under their originalDinamo orDynamo name but their history is the only connection with the old Dynamo society.[citation needed]
On 19 April 2023, in honour of the centennial anniversary, the Dynamo Society was awarded theOrder of Alexander Nevsky[7] and a modern museum of the All-Russian Physical Culture and Sports Society was opened, combining multimedia technologies and sports relics.[8]
Currently, Dynamo is an All-Russian fitness-sports society based in Moscow.[9] The society also has several affiliations abroad[10] inAlbania,Armenia,Azerbaijan,Belarus,Bulgaria,Estonia,Georgia,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Latvia,Moldova,Romania,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,Ukraine andUzbekistan.
There is the International coordination council of Dynamo's organizations which includes:
Several organizations are observers:
