Most Dutch-based creoles originated in Dutch colonies in theAmericas andSoutheast Asia, after the 17th century expansion of Dutch maritime trade network and naval power. Almost all of them are now extinct, while two known varieties are classified as "critically endangered" and nearing extinction. The extinction has generally been attributed to a wilful cultural and generationallanguage shift towards standard Dutch or the majority language of the area with each successive generation.
Afrikaans is considered to be a daughter language of Dutch[1][2] and it, by contrast, is vibrant and has completely displaced Dutch insouthern Africa, primarilySouth Africa andNamibia. Though not a majority-held position, it is considered by some linguists to be a creole because of its simplified grammar relative to Dutch.[3][4]
^Pithouse, K.; Mitchell, C; Moletsane, R.Making Connections: Self-Study & Social Action. p. 91.
^Heese, J. A. (1971).Die herkoms van die Afrikaner, 1657–1867 [The origin of the Afrikaner] (in Afrikaans).Cape Town: A. A. Balkema.OCLC1821706.OL5361614M.
