| Maximilian Joseph | |
|---|---|
| Duke in Bavaria | |
 Maximilian Joseph,c. 1870 | |
| Born | (1808-12-04)4 December 1808 Bamberg,Kingdom of Bavaria |
| Died | 15 November 1888(1888-11-15) (aged 79) Herzog-Max-Palais,Munich,German Empire |
| Spouse | |
| Issue |
|
| House | Wittelsbach |
| Father | Duke Pius August in Bavaria |
| Mother | Princess Amélie Louise of Arenberg |
Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria (4 December 1808 – 15 November 1888), known informally asMax in Bayern, was a member of ajunior branch of the royalHouse of Wittelsbach who were Kings of Bavaria,[1] and a promoter of Bavarian folk-music. He is most famous today as the father ofEmpress Elisabeth of Austria ("Sisi") and great-grandfather of KingLeopold III of Belgium.
Maximilian Joseph was born on 4 December 1808 at theNeue Residenz atBamberg in theKingdom of Bavaria, the only son ofDuke Pius August in Bavaria (1786–1837) and his wife,Princess Amélie Louise of Arenberg (1789–1823).[2] His father was a member of the non-reigning ducal line of the widely branchedHouse of Wittelsbach whose members held the titles ofDuke and Duchess in Bavaria.
On 9 September 1828, atTegernsee, Maximilian Joseph married his father's cousin,Princess Ludovika of Bavaria, the sixth daughter of KingMaximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. They had ten children.[3]
In 1834, he purchasedPossenhofen Castle onLake Starnberg; this was his major residence for the rest of his life. In 1838 he acquired Unterwittelsbach Castle (today housing a "Sisi" museum) near the site ofBurg Wittelsbach, theancestral seat of theHouse of Wittelsbach. After suffering twostrokes, Duke Maximilian Joseph died aged 79 on 15 November 1888 inhis residence in Munich.[2] He and his wife are buried in the family crypt inTegernsee Abbey, a former monastery which Ludovika's father, King Maximilian I Joseph, had acquired in 1817. At the same time of thesecularisation, Duke Maximilian Joseph's grandfatherDuke Wilhelm in Bavaria had also purchased a former monastery,Banz Abbey. Both properties, Tegernsee and Banz, are still today owned byPrince Max, Duke in Bavaria.
In 1838 Maximilian Joseph travelled toEgypt andPalestine.[4] He published an account of this trip:Wanderung nach dem Orient im Jahre 1838 (Munich: Georg Franz, 1839; reprinted Pfaffenhofen: Ludwig, 1978). While climbing theGreat Pyramid, he arranged for his servants toyodel as if he were climbing in theAlps. He collected a number of antiquities which he brought back to Bavaria and displayed in his father's home,Banz Abbey; they can still be seen there today. Among the items are the mummy of a young woman, three mummies' heads, several animal mummies,shawabtis, and several stones from tombs or temples including one from theTemple of Dendur. He also bought some children in theCairo slave market and later freed them. When Maximilian Joseph was inJerusalem, he paid for the restoration of theChurch of the Flagellation on theVia Dolorosa.
Maximilian Joseph was one of the most prominent promoters of Bavarian folk-music in the 19th century. Under his influence thezither started to be used in court circles and eventually became identified as the national musical instrument of Bavaria. Because of his interest he received the nicknameZither-Maxl. He himself played the zither and also composed music for it.
During a visit by his cousinLudwig II of Bavaria, Ludwig saw some sheet music on Maximilian Joseph's piano by the composerRichard Wagner, which led on to Ludwig's financial support for Wagner from 1863.
Maximilian Joseph's musical compositions have been collected in the work:Die im Druck erschienenen Kompositionen von Herzog Maximilian in Bayern: Ländler, Walzer, Polka, Schottisch, Mazurka, Quadrillen und Märsche für Pianoforte, Zither, Gitarre oder Streichinstrumente (Munich: Musikverlag Emil Katzbichler, 1992).
| Issue | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Portrait | Lifespan | Notes | |
| Ludwig Wilhelm ("Louis") |  | 21 June 1831 – 6 November 1920 | Married twice (morganatically): 1.Henriette Mendel, Freiin von Wallersee (1833–1891) in 1859 Issue: 1 daughter, 1 son. 2.Barbara Antonie Barth, Frau von Bartolf (1871–1956) in 1892, divorced 1913 Issue: None. | |
| Wilhelm Karl | 24 December 1832 – 13 February 1833 | Died in infancy | ||
| Helene Caroline Therese ("Nene") |  | 4 April 1834 – 16 May 1890 | MarriedMaximilian, Hereditary Prince of Thurn and Taxis (1831–1867) in 1858 Issue: 2 daughters, 2 sons. | |
| Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie ("Sisi") |  | 24 December 1837 – 10 September 1898 | MarriedFrancis Joseph, Emperor of Austria (1830–1916) Issue: 3 daughters, 1 son. | |
| Karl Theodor ("Gackl") |  | 9 August 1839 – 30 November 1909 | Married twice: 1.Princess Sophie of Saxony (1845–1867), his cousin, in 1865 Issue: One daughter. 2.Maria Josepha of Portugal (1857–1943) Issue: 3 daughters, 2 sons. | |
| Marie Sophie Amalie |  | 4 October 1841 – 19 January 1925 | MarriedFrancis II, King of the Two Sicilies (1836–1894) Issue: 1 daughter. | |
| Mathilde Ludovika |  | 30 September 1843 – 18 June 1925 | MarriedLodovico, Count of Trani (1838–1886) Issue: 1 daughter. | |
| Maximilian | 8 December 1845 | Stillborn | ||
| Sophie Charlotte Augustine ("Sopherl") |  | 23 February 1847 – 4 May 1897 | MarriedFerdinand Philippe Marie, Duke of Alençon (1844–1910) Issue: 1 daughter, 1 son. | |
| Maximilian Emanuel ("Mapperl") |  | 7 December 1849 – 12 June 1893 | MarriedPrincess Amalie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1848–1894) Issue: 3 sons. | |
He received the following orders and decorations:[5]
Kingdom of Bavaria: Knight of theOrder of Saint Hubert
Grand Duchy of Hesse: Grand Cross of the Grand Ducal HessianOrder of Ludwig,26 November 1849[6]
Kingdom of Prussia: Knight of theOrder of the Black Eagle,20 November 1841[7]
Kingdom of Saxony: Knight of theOrder of the Rue Crown,1864[8]
Austrian Empire:[9]
Kingdom of Greece: Grand Cross of theOrder of the Redeemer
Two Sicilies: Grand Cross of the Illustrious RoyalOrder of Saint Ferdinand and Merit | This sectiondoes notcite anysources. Please helpimprove this section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged andremoved.(October 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
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