 | |
| Company type | Public |
|---|---|
| ISIN | US26614N1028 |
| Industry | Chemicals |
| Predecessors | |
| Founded |
|
| Headquarters | Wilmington, Delaware, U.S. |
Area served | Global |
Key people |
|
| Revenue |  US$12.4 billion (2024) |
| US$1.57 billion (2024) | |
| US$703 million (2024) | |
| Total assets |  US$36.6 billion (2024) |
| Total equity | US$23.4 billion (2024) |
Number of employees | 24,000 (2024) |
| Website | dupont |
| Footnotes / references [1] | |
DuPont de Nemours, Inc., commonly shortened toDuPont, is an American multinational chemical company first formed in 1802 byFrench-American chemist and industrialistÉleuthère Irénée du Pont de Nemours. The company played a major role in the development of theU.S. state ofDelaware and first arose as a major supplier of gunpowder. DuPont developed manypolymers such asVespel,neoprene,nylon,Corian,Teflon,Mylar,Kapton,Kevlar, Zemdrain,M5 fiber,Nomex,Tyvek,Sorona,Corfam andLycra in the 20th century, and its scientists developed many chemicals, most notablyFreon (chlorofluorocarbons), for therefrigerant industry. It also developedsynthetic pigments and paints includingChromaFlair.
In 2015, DuPont and theDow Chemical Company agreed to a reorganization plan in which the two companies would merge and split into three. As a merged entity, DuPont simultaneously acquired Dow and renamed itself toDowDuPont on August 31, 2017, and after 18 months spun off the merged entity's material science divisions into a new corporate entity bearing Dow Chemical's name andagribusiness divisions into the newly createdCorteva; DowDuPont reverted its name to DuPont and kept the specialty products divisions. Prior to the spinoffs it was the world's largest chemical company in terms of sales. The merger has been reported to be worth an estimated $130 billion.[2][3][4] The present DuPont, as prior to the merger, is headquartered inWilmington, Delaware, in the statewhere it is incorporated.[5][3][4][6][7]
 | |
| Company type | Public |
|---|---|
| NYSE: DD | |
| Industry | Chemicals |
| Founded | July 1802; 222 years ago (1802-07) |
| Founder | Éleuthère Irénée du Pont |
| Defunct | August 31, 2017; 7 years ago (2017-08-31) |
| Fate | Merged with Dow Chemical to form DowDuPont, which later split into three companies |
| Successor | Dow Chemical (Materials) DuPont (Specialty products) Corteva (Agricultural products) |
| Headquarters | Wilmington,, |
Area served | 90 countries[8] |
| Products | |
| Revenue | 13,020,000,000 ±10000000 United States dollar (2022)  |
| 2,652,000,000 ±1000000 United States dollar (2021) | |
| 5,868,000,000 United States dollar (2022) | |
| Total assets | 45,707,000,000 ±1000000 United States dollar (2021) |
Number of employees | 98,000 (2020) |
| Subsidiaries | Subsidiaries list
|
| Website | dupont.com |
DuPont was founded in 1802 byÉleuthère Irénée du Pont, using capital raised in France and gunpowder machinery imported from France. He started the company at theEleutherian Mills, on theBrandywine Creek, nearWilmington, Delaware, two years after du Pont and his family left France to escape theFrench Revolution and religious persecution againstHuguenot Protestants. The company began as a manufacturer of gunpowder, as du Pont noticed that the industry in North America was lagging behind Europe. The company grew quickly, and by the mid-19th century had become the largest supplier of preppy gunpowder to theUnited States military, supplying one-third to one-half the powder used by theUnion Army during theAmerican Civil War. The Eleutherian Mills site is now a museum and aNational Historic Landmark.[9][10]
DuPont continued to expand, moving into the production ofdynamite andsmokeless powder. In 1902, DuPont's president,Eugene du Pont, died, and the surviving partners sold the company to three great-grandsons of the original founder.Charles Lee Reese was appointed as director and the company began centralizing their research departments.[11] The company subsequently purchased several smaller chemical companies; in 1912 these actions generated government scrutiny under theSherman Antitrust Act. The courts declared that the company's dominance of the explosives business constituted a monopoly and ordereddivestment. The court ruling resulted in the creation of theHercules Powder Company (laterHercules Inc. and now part ofAshland Inc.) and theAtlas Powder Company (purchased byImperial Chemical Industries (ICI) and now part ofAkzoNobel).[12] At the time of divestment, DuPont retained the single-basenitrocellulose powders, while Hercules held the double-base powders combining nitrocellulose andnitroglycerine. DuPont subsequently developed theImproved Military Rifle (IMR) line ofsmokeless powders.[13]
In 1910, DuPont published a brochure entitled "Farming with Dynamite". The pamphlet was instructional, outlining the benefits to using their dynamite products on stumps and various other obstacles that would be easier to remove with dynamite as opposed to other more conventional and inefficient means.[14]
DuPont also established two of the first industrial laboratories in the United States, where they began the work oncellulose chemistry,lacquers and other non-explosive products.DuPont Central Research was established at theDuPont Experimental Station, across theBrandywine Creek from the original powder mills.
In 1914,Pierre S. du Pont invested in the fledgling automobile industry, buying stock inGeneral Motors (GM). The following year he was invited to be on GM's board of directors and would eventually be appointed the company's chairman. The DuPont company would assist the struggling automobile company further with a $25 million purchase of GM stock ($777,055,921 in 2024 dollars[15]). In 1920, Pierre S. du Pont was elected president of General Motors. Under du Pont's leadership, GM became the number one automobile company in the world. However, in 1957, because of DuPont's influence within GM, further action under theClayton Antitrust Act forced DuPont to divest its shares of General Motors.
In 1920, the E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company formed a joint venture with the French textile company Comptoir des Textiles Artificiels (CTA) to produceartificial silk or viscose at the new Yerkes plant inBuffalo, New York.[16]
This material had been around for several decades, with British, French, and Germany companies competing for sales primarily in Europe andAmerican Viscose dominating the U.S. market. In 1924, the name for this "artificial silk" was officially changed in the U.S. toRayon, although the termviscose continued to be used in Europe.
In 1923, the two companies formed a second joint venture to produceCellophane at same the site in the U.S. DuPont bought the French interests in both companies in March 1928.[16]
Throughout the 1920s, DuPont continued its emphasis onmaterials science, hiringWallace Carothers to work onpolymers in 1928. Carothers inventedneoprene, asynthetic rubber;[17] the firstpolyester superpolymer; and, in 1935,nylon.
In 1924, DuPont formed Lazote, Inc., which began manufacturing syntheticammonia using theClaude process. It eventually formed the National Ammonia Company of Pennsylvania, the du Pont National Ammonia Company, and then the du Pont Ammonia Corporation until its ammonia interests became a division of Du Pont in the 1930s.[18]
In 1930,General Motors and DuPont formedKinetic Chemicals to produceFreon. Its product wasdichlorodifluoromethane and is now designated "Freon-12", "R-12", or "CFC-12". The number after the R is a refrigerant class number developed by DuPont to systematically identify singlehalogenated hydrocarbons, as well as otherrefrigerants besides halocarbons.
DuPont introducedphenothiazine as aninsecticide in 1935.[19]
The invention ofTeflon followed a few years later and has since been proven responsible for health problems in those exposed to the chemical through manufacturing and home use.[20]
DuPont ranked 15th among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts.[21] As the inventor and manufacturer ofnylon, DuPont helped produce the raw materials forparachutes, powder bags,[22] andtires.[23]
DuPont also played a major role in theManhattan Project in 1943, designing, building and operating theHanfordplutonium producing plant inHanford, Washington. In 1950 DuPont also agreed to build theSavannah River Plant in South Carolina as part of the effort to create ahydrogen bomb.
DuPont was one of an estimated 150 American companies that providedNazi Germany with patents, technology and material resources that proved crucial to theGerman war effort. DuPont maintained business connections with various corporations in the Third Reich from 1933 until 1943 when all of DuPont's assets in Germany were seized by the Nazi government along with those of all other American companies.Irénée du Pont, a descendant of Éleuthère Irénée du Pont and the president of the company during the buildup to World War II, was also a financial supporter of Nazi FührerAdolf Hitler and keenly followed Hitler since the 1920s.[24][25]
After the war, DuPont continued its emphasis on new materials, developingMylar,Dacron,Orlon, andLycra in the 1950s, andTyvek,Nomex,Qiana,Corfam, andCorian in the 1960s.
DuPont has been the key company behind the development of modernbody armor. In theSecond World War, DuPont's ballistic nylon was used byBritain'sRoyal Air Force to makeflak jackets. With the development ofKevlar in the 1960s, DuPont began tests to see if it could resist a lead bullet. This research would ultimately lead to thebullet-resistant vests that are used by police and military units.
In 1962, DuPont applied for a patent on the explosion welding process, which was granted on June 23, 1964, under US Patent 3,137,937[123] and resulted in the use of the Detaclad trademark to describe the process. On July 22, 1996, Dynamic Materials Corporation completed the acquisition of DuPont's Detaclad operations for a purchase price of $5,321,850 (or about $10.34 million today).
In 1981, DuPont acquiredConoco Inc., a major American oil and gas producing company, which gave it a secure source of petroleum feedstocks needed for the manufacturing of many of its fiber and plastics products. The acquisition, which made DuPont one of the top ten U.S.-based petroleum and natural gas producers and refiners, came about after a bidding war with the giantdistillerySeagram Company Ltd. Seagram became DuPont's largest single shareholder, with four seats on the board of directors. On April 6, 1995, after being approached by Seagram Chief Executive OfficerEdgar Bronfman Jr., DuPont announced a deal in which the company would buy back all the shares owned by Seagram.[26]
In 1999, DuPont spun off Conoco and sold all of its shares. Conoco later merged withPhillips Petroleum Company.
DuPont acquired thePioneer Hi-Bred agricultural seed company in 1999.
DuPont ranked 86th in theFortune 500 on the strength of nearly $36 billion in revenues, $4.848 billion in profits in 2013.[27] In April 2014,Forbes ranked DuPont 171st on its Global 2000, the listing of the world's top public companies.[28]
During this time, DuPont businesses were organized into the following five categories, known as marketing "platforms": Electronic and Communication Technologies, Performance Materials, Coatings and Color Technologies, Safety and Protection, and Agriculture and Nutrition. The agriculture division,DuPont Pioneer, made and soldhybrid seed andgenetically modified seed, some of which producesgenetically modified food. Genes engineered into their products includedLibertyLink, which provides resistance to Bayer'sIgnite Herbicide/Liberty herbicides; the Herculex I Insect Protection gene, which provides protection against various insects; the Herculex RW insect protection trait, which provides protection against other insects; the YieldGard Corn Borer gene, which provides resistance to another set of insects; and the Roundup Ready Corn 2 trait that provides crop resistance againstglyphosate herbicides.[29]
DuPont had 150 research and development facilities located in China, Brazil, India, Germany, and Switzerland, with an average investment of $2 billion annually in a diverse range of technologies for many markets including agriculture, genetic traits,biofuels, automotive, construction, electronics, chemicals, and industrial materials.[30]
In October 2001, the company sold its pharmaceutical business toBristol Myers Squibb for $7.798 billion.[31]
In 2002, the company sold the Clysar business toBemis Company for $143 million.[32]
In 2004, the company sold its textiles business, which included some of its best-known brands such asLycra (Spandex),Dacron polyester,Orlon acrylic,Antron nylon and Thermolite, toKoch Industries.[33]
In May 2007 the $2.1 million DuPont Nature Center at Mispillion Harbor Reserve, a wildlife observatory and interpretive center on the Delaware Bay nearMilford, Delaware was opened to enhance the beauty and integrity of the Delaware Estuary. The facility is state-owned and operated by theDelaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (DNREC).[34][35]
In 2010, DuPont Pioneer received approval to market Plenish soybeans, which contain "the highestoleic acid content of any commercial soybean product, at more than 75 percent. Plenish has no trans fat, 20 percent less saturated fat than regular soybean oil, and is a more stable oil with greater flexibility in food and industrial applications."[36] Plenish is genetically engineered to "block the formation of enzymes that continue the cascade downstream from oleic acid (that produces saturated fats), resulting in an accumulation of the desirable monounsaturated acid."[37]
In 2011, DuPont was the largest producer oftitanium dioxide in the world, primarily provided as a white pigment used in thepaper industry.[38]
On January 9, 2011, DuPont announced that it had reached an agreement to buy Danish companyDanisco for US$6.3 billion. On May 16, 2011, DuPont announced that its tender offer for Danisco had been successful and that it would proceed to redeem the remaining shares and delist the company.[39]
On May 1, 2012, DuPont announced that it had acquired fromBunge full ownership of theSolae joint venture, a soy-based ingredients company. DuPont previously owned 72 percent of the joint venture while Bunge owned the remaining 28 percent.[40]
In February 2013, DuPont Performance Coatings was sold to theCarlyle Group and rebranded asAxalta Coating Systems.[41]
In October 2013, DuPont announced that it was planning to spin off its Performance Chemicals business into a new publicly traded company in mid-2015.[42] The company filed its initial Form 10 with theSEC in December 2014 and announced that the new company would be calledThe Chemours Company.[43] The spin-off to DuPont shareholders was completed on July 1, 2015, and Chemours stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange on the same date. DuPont then focused on production ofGMO seeds, materials forsolar panels, and alternatives to fossil fuels.[44] Responsibility for the cleanup of 171 former DuPont sites, which DuPont says will cost between $295 million and $945 million, was transferred to Chemours.[45]
In October 2015, DuPont sold theNeoprenechloroprene rubber business to Denka Performance Elastomers, a joint venture of Denka andMitsui.
On December 11, 2015, DuPont announced a merger with Dow Chemical Company, in anall-stock transaction. The combined company, DowDuPont, had an estimated value of $130 billion, being equally held by both companies’ shareholders, while also maintaining its two headquarters. The merger of the two largest U.S. chemical companies closed on August 31, 2017.[3][4][46]
Both companies' boards of directors decided that following the merger DowDuPont would pursue a separation into three independent, publicly traded companies: an agriculture, a materials science, and a specialty products company.
Advisory Committees were established for each of the businesses. DuPont CEO Ed Breen would lead the Agriculture and Specialty Products Committees, and Dow CEO Andrew Liveris would lead the Materials Science Committee. These Committees were intended to oversee their respective businesses, and would work with both CEOs on the scheduled separation of the businesses’ standalone entities.[51] Announced in February 2018, DowDuPont's agriculture division is named Corteva Agriscience, its materials science division is named Dow, and its specialty products division is named DuPont.[6] In March 2018, it was announced thatJeff Fettig would become executive chairman of DowDuPont on July 1, 2018, andJim Fitterling would become CEO of Dow Chemical on April 1, 2018.[52] In October 2018, the company's agricultural unit recorded a $4.6 billion loss in the third quarter after lowering its long-term sales and profits targets.[53]
In 2019, DuPont completed its spin off from DowDuPont[54] and the company adapted its marketing and branding in order to establish a new identity that is "fundamentally different" from DowDuPont. The company published a list of sustainability commitments to be achieved by 2030.[55]
In February 2020, DuPont announced that it is bringing back Edward D. Breen as its CEO after removing former Chief Executive Marc Doyle and CFO Jeanmarie Desmond less than a year after they assumed their roles. Lori D. Koch, previously head of investor relations, assumed the CFO position.[56]
In November 2021, DuPont announced that it intended to acquireRogers Corporation in a deal valued at $5.2 billion.[57] While the deal had been approved by many other regulatory agencies, due toChinese regulators prolonging the review, DuPont decided on November 1, 2022, to walk away from the deal. DuPont paid Rogers a termination fee of US$162.5 million.[58][59]
In May 2024, DuPont announced it would split into three publicly traded companies, separating its electronics and water businesses while continuing as a diversified industrial firm. CFO Lori Koch was named CEO effective 1 June 2024, as current CEO Ed Breen transitioned to executive chairman. The split is expected to be completed in 18 to 24 months.[60] On January 17, 2025, DuPont shelved its plans to spin-off its water division which would be retained within DuPont.[61]
| 2010 | 949 |
| 2009 | 171 |
| 2008 | 992 |
| 2007 | 1,652 |
| 2006 | 1,947 |
| 2005 | 2,795 |
| 2004 | −714 |
| 2003 | −428 |
| 2002 | 1,227 |
| 2001 | 6,131 |
The company's corporate headquarters and experimental station were located inWilmington, Delaware. The company's manufacturing, processing, marketing, and research and development facilities, as well as regional purchasing offices and distribution centers were located throughout the world.[63] Major manufacturing sites included the Spruance plant nearRichmond, Virginia, (currently the company's largest plant), theWashington Works site inWashington, West Virginia, the Mobile Manufacturing Center (MMC) inAxis, Alabama, theBayport plant nearHouston, Texas, theMechelen site inBelgium, and theChangshu site in China.[64] Other locations included the Yerkes Plant on theNiagara River atTonawanda, New York, the Sabine River Works Plant inOrange, Texas, and the Parlin Site inSayreville, New Jersey. The facilities inVadodara, Gujarat andHyderabad, Telangana in India constituted the DuPont Services Center and DuPont Knowledge Center respectively.
In 2017, theEuropean Commission opened a probe to assess whether the proposed merger of DuPont with Dow Chemical was in line with the EU's respective regulations. The Commission investigated whether the deal reduced competition in areas such as crop protection, seeds and petrochemicals.[65] The closing date for the merger was repeatedly delayed due to these regulatory inquiries.[66][67]
Ed Breen said the companies were negotiating possibledivestitures in theirpesticide operations to win approval for the deal. As part of their EU counterproposal, the companies offered to dispose of a portion of DuPont's crop protection business and associated R&D, as well as Dow's acrylic acid copolymers andionomers businesses.[68][69]
The remedy submission in turn delayed the commission's review deadline to April 4, 2017. The intended spins of the company businesses were expected to occur about 18 months after closing.[69] According to theFinancial Times, the merger was "on track for approval in March" 2017.[70] Dow Chemical and DuPont postponed the planned deadline during late March, as they struck an $1.6 billion asset swap withFMC Corporation in order to win theantitrust clearances. DuPont acquired the corporation's health and nutrition business, while selling its herbicide and insecticide properties.[71][72]
The European Commission conditionally approved the merger as of April, 2017, although the decision was said to consist of over a thousand pages and was expected to take several months to be released publicly. As part of the approval, Dow must also sell off two acrylic acid co-polymers manufacturing facilities in Spain and the US. China conditionally cleared the merger in May, 2017.[73][72][74]
According to formerUnited States Secretary of Agriculture during the Clinton administration,Dan Glickman, and formerGovernor of Nebraska,Mike Johanns, by creating a single, independent, U.S.-based and – owned pure agriculture company, Dow and DuPont would be able to compete against their still larger global peers.[75] The merger was not opposed by competition authorities around the world due to the view that it did not have noticeable impact on the global seed markets.[76]
On the other hand, ifMonsanto andBayer, the 1st and 3rd largestbiotech and seed firms, together with Dow and DuPont being the 4th and 5th largest biotechnology and seed companies in the world respectively, both went through with the mergers, the so-called "Big Six" (includingSyngenta andBASF[77]) in the industry would control 63 percent of the global seed market and 76 percent of the global agriculture chemical market. They would also control 95 percent of corn, soybeans, and cotton traits in the US. Both duopolies would become the "big two" industry dominators.
DuPont has been awarded theNational Medal of Technology four times: first in 1990, for its invention of "high-performance man-made polymers such as nylon,neoprene rubber, "Teflon" fluorocarbon resin, and a wide spectrum of new fibers, films, and engineering plastics"; the second in 2002 "for policy and technology leadership in the phaseout and replacement ofchlorofluorocarbons". DuPont scientist George Levitt was honored with the medal in 1993 for the development ofsulfonylurea herbicides. In 1996, DuPont scientistStephanie Kwolek was recognized for the discovery and development ofKevlar. In the 1980s, Dr. Jacob Lahijani, Senior Chemist at DuPont, inventedKevlar 149 and was highlighted in the "Innovation: Agent of Change.[78] Kevlar 149 is used in armor, belts, hoses, composite structures, cable sheathing, gaskets, brake pads, clutch linings, friction pads,slot insulation, phase barrier insulation, and interturn insulation.[79] Following the DuPont and Dow merger and subsequent spinoff, this product line remained with DuPont.[79]
On the company's 200th anniversary in 2002, it was presented with theHonor Award by theNational Building Museum in recognition of DuPont's "products that directly influence the construction and design process in the building industry."[80]
In 2005,BusinessWeek magazine, in conjunction with the Climate Group, ranked DuPont as the best-practice leader in cutting their carbon gas emissions. DuPont reduced its greenhouse gas emissions by more than 65 percent from the 1990 levels while using 7 percent less energy and producing 30 percent more product.[81][82]
In 2012 DuPont was named to theCarbon Disclosure Project Global 500 Leadership Index. Inclusion is based on company performance on sustainability metrics, emissions reduction goals, and environmental performance transparency.[83] In 2014 DuPont was the top scoring company in the chemical sector according to CDP, with a score of "A" or "B" in every evaluation area except for supply chain management.[84]
DuPont was part ofGlobal Climate Coalition, a group that lobbied against taking action on climate change.[85] DuPont has been criticized for its activities inCancer Alley and blamed for emitting chloroprene, and has been connected by some to anecdotes of "illnesses and ailment" as told by residents of Cancer Alley.[86]
In 2010, researchers at thePolitical Economy Research Institute of theUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst ranked DuPont as the fourth-largest corporate source ofair pollution in the United States.[87] DuPont released a statement that 2012 total releases and transfers were 13% lower than 2011 levels, and 70% lower than 1987 levels.[88] Data from theU.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Toxic Release Inventory database included in the Political Economy Research Institute studies likewise show a reduction in DuPont's emissions from 12.4 million pounds of air releases and 22.4 million pounds of toxic incinerator transfers in 2006[89] to 10.94 million pounds and 22.0 million pounds, respectively, in 2010. Over the same period, the Political Economy Research Institutes Toxic score for DuPont increased from 122,426 to 7,086,303.[90]
One of DuPont's facilities was listed No. 4 on theMother Jones top 20 polluters of 2010, legally discharging over 5,000,000 pounds (2,300,000 kg) of toxic chemicals into New Jersey and Delaware waterways.[91] In 2016,Carneys Point Township, New Jersey, where the facility is located, initiated a $1.1 billion lawsuit against the corporation, accusing it of divesting an unprofitable company without first remediating the property as required by law.[92]
Between 2007 and 2014 there were 34 accidents resulting in toxic releases at DuPont plants across the U.S., with a total of eight fatalities.[93] Four employees died of suffocation in a Houston, Texas, accident involving leakage of nearly 24,000 pounds (11,000 kg) of methyl mercaptan.[94] As a result, the company became the largest of the 450 businesses placed into theOccupational Safety and Health Administration's "severe violator program" in July 2015. The program was established for companies OSHA says have repeatedly failed to address safety infractions.[95][96]
DuPont was fined over $3 million for environmental violations in 2018.[97] In 2019, DuPont led theToxic 100 Water Polluters Index.[98]
Pioneer Hi-Bred, a DuPont subsidiary until 2019, manufactures genetically modified seeds, other tools, and agricultural technologies used to increase crop yield. In 2019,DowDuPont spun off its agricultural unit, which included Pioneer Hi-Bred, as an independentpublic company under the nameCorteva.[99]
Dupont, along with Frigidaire and General Motors, was a part of a collaborative effort to find a replacement for toxic refrigerants in the 1920s, resulting in the invention of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by Thomas Midgley in 1928.[100] CFCs areozone-depleting chemicals that were used primarily inaerosol sprays andrefrigerants. DuPont was the largest CFC producer in the world with a 25 percent market share in the 1980s, totaling $600 million in annual sales.[101]
In 1974, responding to public concern about the safety of CFCs,[102] DuPont promised to stop production of CFCs should they be proven to be harmful to the ozone layer. However, after the discovery of graveozone depletion in 1986, DuPont, as a member of the industry group Alliance for Responsible CFC Policy, lobbied against regulations of CFCs. By 1989, it reversed course after calculating that it would profit from production of other chemicals used to replace CFCs.[103]
In February 1988,United States SenatorMax Baucus, along with two other senators, wrote to DuPont reminding the company of its pledge. TheLos Angeles Times reported that the letter was "generally regarded as an embarrassment for DuPont, which prides itself on its reputation as an environmentally conscious company."[101] The company responded with a strongly worded letter that the available evidence did not support a need to dramatically reduce CFC production and calling the proposal "unwarranted and counterproductive".[104]
On March 14 of the same year, scientists from theNational Aeronautics and Space Agency announced the results of a study demonstrating a 2.3% decline in mid-latitude ozone levels between 1969 and 1986, along with evidence tying the decline to CFCs in the upper atmosphere.[105] On March 24, DuPont reversed its position, calling the NASA results "important new information" and announcing that it would phase out CFC production. The company further called for worldwide controls on CFC production and for additional countries to ratify theMontreal Protocol. DuPont's change of policy was widely praised by environmentalists.[106] In 2003, DuPont was awarded theNational Medal of Technology, recognizing the company as the leader in developing CFC replacements.[107]
In 1999, attorneyRobert Bilott filed a lawsuit against DuPont, alleging its chemical waste (perfluorooctanoic acid or PFOA, also known as C8) fouled the property of a cattle rancher inParkersburg, West Virginia. A subsequentclass action lawsuit in 2004 alleged DuPont's actions led to widespread water contamination in West Virginia and Ohio and contributed to high rates of cancers and other health problems. PFOA-contaminated drinking water led to increased levels of the compound in the bodies of residents who lived in the surrounding area. A court-appointed C8 Science Panel investigated "whether or not there is a probable link between C8 exposure and disease in the community."[108] In 2011, the panel concluded that there is a probable link between PFOA andkidney cancer,testicular cancer,thyroid disease,high cholesterol,pre-eclampsia andulcerative colitis.[109]
Unlike other persistent organic pollutants, PFOA persists indefinitely and is completely resistant to bio-degradation, remaining toxic. The only way to reduce levels in the body is by physical elimination rather than degradation.[110] In 2014, theInternational Agency for Research on Cancer designated PFOA as "possibly carcinogenic" in humans.[111] DuPont agreed to sharply reduce its output of PFOA,[112] and was one of eight companies to sign on with the EPA's 2010/2015 PFOA Stewardship Program. The agreement called for the reduction of "facility emissions and product content of PFOA and related chemicals on a global basis by 95 percent by 2010 and to work toward eliminating emissions and product content of these chemicals by 2015."[113] DuPont phased out PFOA entirely in 2013.
In October 2015, one Ohio resident was awarded $1.6 million when a jury found that her kidney cancer was caused by PFOA in drinking water. In December 2016, $2 million was awarded when a jury found it caused the plaintiff's testicular cancer and awarded punitive damages of $10.5 million.[114] This was the third case where a jury found DuPont liable for injuries resulting from exposure to PFOA in drinking water sources. According to the co-lead counselor, internal documents revealed during trial showed DuPont had known of a link between PFOA and cancers since 1997. DuPont maintained it has always handled PFOA "reasonably and responsibly" based on the information they, and industry regulators, had available during its use. However, the jury concluded that DuPont did not act to prevent harm or inform the public, despite the information available.[115] In 2017, DuPont settled 3,550 personal injury claims related to theParkersburg, West Virginia contamination for $671 million.[116][117][118]
The 2019 filmDark Waters is based on the 2016New York Times Magazine article "The Lawyer Who Became DuPont's Worst Nightmare" byNathaniel Rich about Bilott.[119][120] An account of the investigation and case was first publicized in the bookStain-Resistant, Nonstick, Waterproof and Lethal: The Hidden Dangers of C8 (2007) by Callie Lyons, a Mid-Ohio Valley journalist who covered the controversy as it was unfolding.[121] Parts of the pollution and coverup story were also reported by Mariah Blake, whose 2015 article "Welcome to Beautiful Parkersburg, West Virginia" was a National Magazine Award finalist,[122] andSharon Lerner, whose series "Bad Chemistry" ran inThe Intercept.[123][124] Bilott wrote a memoir,Exposure, published in 2019, detailing his 20-year legal battle against DuPont.[125][126]
DuPont also paid $16.5 million in fines to theEnvironmental Protection Agency over releases of PFOA from their facility inWashington, West Virginia.[127][128] Water contamination in the Netherlands and links to cancer are also being investigated.[129]
On November 10, 2022, the state of California announced it had filled suit against both DuPont and3M for their manufacturing ofpersistent organic pollutants following multi-year probes into both companies. According to CNN, a DuPont spokesperson claimed DuPont has never manufactured PFOA,PFOS, norfirefighting foam, and said the state's claims are meritless.[130]
In October 2010 DuPont began marketing a herbicide calledImprelis, for control of certain plants in turf areas. DuPont voluntarily pulled Imprelis from the market in August 2011 before the EPA issued a mandatory stop-sale order on Imprelis after being alerted of numerous reports from golf courses to nurseries that the product was suspected of injuring and, in some cases, killing trees. Norway spruce, white pines and honey locust proved to be among the species of trees that were susceptible.[131][132]
In 2005, the company pleaded guilty tofixing prices of chemicals and products that usedneoprene, a synthetic rubber, resulting in an $84 million fine.[133]
In 2023, DuPont pled guilty for criminal negligence for its role in a poisonous gas leak that killed four workers and injured others at a Houston-area plant on November 15, 2014. 24,000 pounds ofmethyl mercaptan was released, and travelled downwind into surrounding areas. The company was ordered to pay a $12 million fine, and donate an additional $4 million to theNational Fish and Wildlife Foundation.[134][135]
DuPont, the world's largest producer of titanium dioxide, produces the pigment at the Edge Moor manufacturing facility, primarily for the paper industry.
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