DreamWorks Pictures (also known asDreamWorks SKG and commonly referred to asDreamWorks) is an Americanfilm studio anddistribution label ofAmblin Partners. The studio was originally founded on October 12, 1994, as a live-action and animationfilm studio bySteven Spielberg,Jeffrey Katzenberg, andDavid Geffen (which together form the SKG of DreamWorks SKG), of which they owned 72%. The studio formerly distributed its own and third-party films. It has produced or distributed more than ten films with box-office grosses of more than $100 million each.
DreamWorks Pictures was sold toViacom, parent ofParamount Pictures in February 2006 (this version is now named DW Studios, LLC). In 2008, DreamWorks announced its intention to end its partnership with Paramount and made a deal to produce films with India'sReliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group,[2] re-creating DreamWorks Pictures as an independent entity. The following year, DreamWorks entered into a distribution agreement withWalt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, wherein Disney would distribute DreamWorks films through theTouchstone Pictures label; the deal continued until August 2016. Since October 2016,Universal Pictures has distributed most of the films produced by DreamWorks Pictures. Currently, DreamWorks operates out of offices on theUniversal Studios Lot.
The original company was founded followingJeffrey Katzenberg's resignation fromthe Walt Disney Company in 1994. Katzenberg approached directorSteven Spielberg and music executiveDavid Geffen about forming a live-action and animation film studio, which had not been done in decades due to the risk and expense, but all three were very successful. They agreed on three conditions: They would make fewer than nine movies a year, they would be free to work for other studios if they chose, and they would go home in time for dinner. They officially founded DreamWorks SKG on October 12, 1994, with financial backing of $33 million from each of the three partners[6] plus $500 million fromMicrosoft co-founderPaul Allen, and $300 million fromCJ Group heiressMiky Lee, giving the CJ Group an 11% stake in DreamWorks; the deal was also initially understood to include distribution rights to DreamWorks films across Asia excluding Japan, although CJ ultimately handled rights for only China, South Korea and Hong Kong, with all other international territories handled byUnited International Pictures (UIP).[7][8][9] Their new studio was based at offices on theUniversal Studios Lot, in the same bungalow asAmblin Entertainment. Despite access tosound stages andsets, DreamWorks preferred to film motion pictureson location. Usually, however, the company would film in a soundstage or set in amajor studio. Shortly after DreamWorks was founded, the media dubbed Spielberg, Katzenberg and Geffen as "the three amigos".[10][11] Despite Geffen's initial investment, it was reported in October 1994 that DreamWorks would only produce live-action/animated films, television programs and interactive entertainment.[10] There were rumors thatWarner Bros. Records CEOMo Ostin might collaborate at DreamWorks with Geffen, who himself was still contracted to work atGeffen Records.[11][12] The company eventually expanded into music once Geffen stepped down from Geffen Records in April 1995,[13] and Ostin would be hired as leader of DreamWorks' music operations that October.[14] By 1998, DreamWorks was labelled as "multifaceted entertainment", with the company describing its ambition in 1997 as being to nurture creative breakthroughs in "every field" of entertainment.[15][16]
In December 1994,DreamWorks Television was formed after DreamWorks agreed to a $200 million seven-year television production joint venture withCapital Cities/ABC.[17] The company was set up to produce series for broadcast networks, cable channels and first run syndication, with nofirst-look guarantee forABC, but financial incentives favored the network.[18] Their first show,Champions, was scheduled as a mid-season replacement for ABC. Dan McDermott was named the division's chief executive in June 1995.[19] DreamWorks Television's first success wasSpin City on ABC,[18] the parent company of which was bought byThe Walt Disney Company in February 1996.[20] In 2002, the DreamWorks joint venture agreement with ABC ended. That agreement was replaced by a development agreement withNBC, with a first look clause.[18] In 2013, DreamWorks Television merged withAmblin Television.
In 1995,traditional animation artists fromAmblimation joined the new studio, which led to DreamWorks buying part ofPacific Data Images (PDI), a company specializing in visual effects, and renaming it PDI/DreamWorks in 2000. Both were software divisions and would merge later on. By then, DreamWorks had the traditional animators working for their animation department, and the computer animators worked on CG films.Amblimation shut down in 1997 and all 250 of Amblimation's crew members went on to joinDreamWorks Animation.[21] The same year, DreamWorks Interactive, a computer and video game developer andjoint venture between DreamWorks andMicrosoft, was founded. DreamWorks Interactive was intended to eventually form synergies with the animation, film and television divisions of DreamWorks, with Geffen speculating in April 1995 that it could also possibly form synergies with DreamWorks' upcoming music division.[22] With DreamWorks losing interest in maintaining a video game division,Electronic Arts (EA)acquired the Los Angeles studio of DreamWorks Interactive from DreamWorks and Microsoft on February 24, 2000, acquiring theintellectual property and rights of the acclaimed seriesMedal of Honor from Microsoft/DreamWorks.[23][24]
In June 1995, DreamWorks announced that it had signed a $1 billion deal withMCA Inc. (then parent company ofUniversal Pictures) to distribute its theatrical releases in other countries and its home video releases worldwide over 10 years, while DreamWorks itself would distribute them for the company as a film production label in America.[25][26] MCA also bought a 2% stake in the company for $54 million.[27]
In 1996, the company's record label,DreamWorks Records, was founded, the first project of which wasGeorge Michael's albumOlder. The first band signed to the label waseels, who released their debut albumBeautiful Freak that year. DreamWorks Records went on to sign established artists for their label, including thealternative rock actMorphine, comedianChris Rock (as a spoken word artist) andHenry Rollins (as both a spoken word artist and a member ofRollins Band). The label helped launch the careers of artists such asAlien Ant Farm,Elliot Smith,Nelly Furtado andPapa Roach.[28] Once the main film division officially commenced in 1997, the label started releasing numerous soundtrack compilation albums for live-action and animated DreamWorks films, includingAmerican Beauty,Road Trip,Shrek,Small Soldiers andThe Prince of Egypt, among others. These albums mostly consisted of songs from artists signed to DreamWorks Records, with the films themselves also using songs from DreamWorks artists; an example beingAmerican Beauty, which had eels' song "Cancer for the Cure" and Elliot Smith's song "Because" in both the soundtrack album and the film.[29] The label's most commercially successful release was Papa Roach'sInfest, which sold 7 million units on the back of therap rock movement,[30] while some of the label's highest charting songs included Nelly Furtado's "I'm Like a Bird" and Alien Ant Farm's cover ofMichael Jackson's "Smooth Criminal".[31] Commercially, the record company as a whole never lived up to expectations, and was sold in November 2003 toUniversal Music Group,[28] who closed it at the beginning of 2005. Until September 1, 2005, UMG continued to operateDreamWorks Nashville, acountry-focused division of DreamWorks Records which was founded in June 1997. That label was shut down when its flagship artist,Toby Keith, departed to form his own label.[32]
In 1997, DreamWorks Pictures released its first three feature films,The Peacemaker, a film about terrorism;Amistad, Spielberg's first film for the studio about an African slave rebellion and the aftermath of the massacre; andMouse Hunt, the studio's first family film about two brothers trying to fight a mischievous mouse.[citation needed] All three of these films were relatively successful, managing to outgross their budgets by moderate margins, withMouse Hunt being the most profitable of the three.[33]Amistad's score was composed byJohn Williams, a frequent Spielberg collaborator who also composed the music used for DreamWorks Pictures' opening logo.[34] This logo debuted inThe Peacemaker, the first of the three films to be released, and has appeared on all live-action DreamWorks releases since, as well as on all DreamWorks Animation releases between 1998 and 2003.[35] Williams' score forAmistad andHans Zimmer's score forThe Peacemaker were both released on albums by DreamWorks Records in 1997,[36][37] although starting in 1998, the label usually only released background score albums for DreamWorks' most high-profile titles, such asThomas Newman's score forAmerican Beauty and Williams' score forSaving Private Ryan.[38][39] DreamWorks Interactive did not create video game tie-ins forThe Peacemaker,Amistad orMouse Hunt, and 1998'sSmall Soldiers was the only DreamWorks title to ever be directly adapted into a video game by DreamWorks Interactive.[40]
In 1998, theUnited States 9th Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a lawsuit against DreamWorks for trademark infringement by Dreamwerks Production Group, Inc.,[41] a company mostly specializing inStar Trek conventions.[42] Michael Jackson's brotherJermaine Jackson subsequently claimed in 2003 that DreamWorks' icon of a boy fishing and sitting on a moon crescent was plagiarized from the entrance to Jackson'sNeverland Ranch. Spielberg was a friend of Jackson during the 1980s and appeared in his "Liberian Girl" music video.[43][44] In 1998, DreamWorks Animation produced its first two full-length animated features,Antz andThe Prince of Egypt, which were distributed by DreamWorks Pictures. DreamWorks Pictures continued to distribute DreamWorks Animation productions through their distribution name until 2004. DreamWorks Animation films were generally targeted towards younger audiences, in contrast to the more adult-oriented live-action DreamWorks films, including films with strong sexual elements such asAmerican Beauty andRoad Trip/EuroTrip, which shared the same branding through to 2004. DreamWorks also had another division calledDreamWorks Television Animation, which in 1998 producedToonsylvania andInvasion America.[45] However, it quickly folded and the later animated showAlienators: Evolution Continues (based on the 2001 live-action DreamWorks filmEvolution) was instead handled by the main DreamWorks Television division, in association withDIC Entertainment and other parties.[46][47] This was among the only animated content thatParamount Pictures acquired from DreamWorks when its parent companyViacom purchased the live-action film division and television division in 2006.[48]
In 2000, DreamWorks was planning on building a studiobacklot after buying 1,087 acres of land in thePlaya Vista area in Los Angeles. It was to be complete with 18sound stages, with many office buildings and a lake. There would also be new homes, schools, churches, and museums. The project was to be completed in 2001, but was canceled for financial reasons.[49]
At the71st Academy Awards in March 1999, DreamWorks Pictures' filmSaving Private Ryan was the overwhelming frontrunner for theBest Picture Oscar. Directed by company co-founder Steven Spielberg, the film had received critical praise for its authentic portrayal ofWorld War II, and was a commercial success. However, in one of the most famous upsets in Academy history, the award was instead given to romantic comedyShakespeare in Love, from Disney-ownedMiramax, a studio which won numerous other Oscars in the 1990s and 2000s. The loss is widely attributed to an aggressive and unprecedented awards campaign by Miramax and its head,Harvey Weinstein. It included a reported "whisper campaign" to downplay the merits ofSaving Private Ryan.[50]Shakespeare in Love andSaving Private Ryan both ended up becoming part of the same corporate umbrella via Paramount Pictures' acquisition of the live-action DreamWorks film library in 2006, and its acquisition of the Miramax library in 2020.[51]
Following its defeat to Miramax, DreamWorks won three consecutive Academy Awards for Best Picture between 2000 and 2002, forAmerican Beauty,Gladiator andBeautiful Mind (the latter two were co-productions with Universal Pictures). By this point, DreamWorks were considered to be the first new majorHollywood motion picture studio sinceRKO Pictures was founded in 1928.Go Fish Pictures, a division of DreamWorks with the objective to distributeart-house,independent andforeign films, was founded in 2000. The division experienced success with theanime filmsMillennium Actress (2003) andGhost in the Shell 2: Innocence (2004), respectively, which led them to venture into releasing live-action films, with the release ofThe Chumscrubber. However,The Chumscrubber was a commercial and critical failure, which led DreamWorks to shut down the division in 2007 shortly before the release of the Japanese filmCasshern (which was distributed by DreamWorks). The library of Go Fish Pictures was included when Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks' live-action film library in 2006,[52][53] even though it mainly consisted of the American distribution rights to the aforementioned anime titles.
In 2002, DreamWorks signed a deal with In Demand.[54] For the period beginning October 1, 2004, to January 31, 2006, DreamWorks Pictures distributed its films in the North American domestic theatrical and worldwide television market, with international theatrical and worldwide home entertainment distribution by Universal Pictures. On October 27, 2004, DreamWorks Animation was spun off into a separate public company.[55]
David Geffen admitted that DreamWorks came close to bankruptcy twice. Under Katzenberg's watch, the studio suffered a $125 million loss on the 2003 animated filmSinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas,[56] and also overestimated the DVD demand forShrek 2, with 5 million unsold DVDs.[57] In 2005, out of their two large budget pictures,War of the Worlds was produced as a joint effort with Paramount Pictures which was the first to reap a significant amount of profits, whileThe Island bombed at the domestic box office but turned a profit internationally throughWarner Bros. Pictures.[56]
In December 2005, theoriginal Viacom, the then-parent of Paramount Pictures, agreed to purchase the live-action studio, still keeping the original name and producing/distribution name. The deal was valued at approximately $1.6 billion, an amount that included about $400 million in debt assumptions.[58] The acquisition of the live-action DreamWorks studio was completed by thesecond iteration of Viacom, which had recentlysplit from the original at the end of 2005, on February 1, 2006.[59] DreamWorks Pictures would briefly become a semi-autonomous label of Paramount Pictures. Spielberg and Geffen were still involved with the company under Paramount, although Geffen eventually departed in 2008 since he was interested in reinventing himself as anewspaper mogul.[60] Katzenberg was now working at the newly independent DreamWorks Animation,[61] and remained there until its sale toNBCUniversal in 2016, which left Spielberg as the only one of the three founders currently involved with either DreamWorks company.
Starting in March 2006, DreamWorks Pictures and Paramount Pictures went on to co-release films such asBlades of Glory,Disturbia,Dreamgirls,She's the Man,Tropic Thunder and the 2007 live-action adaptation ofTransformers. Despite internal tensions between DreamWorks and Paramount, the partnership led to Paramount becoming the highest grossing US studio of 2007.[62] A point of contention was that Viacom ownerSumner Redstone viewed DreamWorks purely as a label of Paramount Pictures, whereas Spielberg did not view it as such, even resisting having new DreamWorks films being branded as Paramount films.[63] In most of the Paramount-distributed DreamWorks films from this period, Paramount's logo only briefly appears at the very end of the credits, with the films usually opening with DreamWorks' 1997 logo. Notable exceptions areDreamgirls andTransformers, which feature both the Paramount logo and the DreamWorks logo at the beginning. It was Spielberg who insisted, as part of the 2006 sale, that Paramount's logo appear on DreamWorks' movies after the credits to give DreamWorks' own banner top billing.[60] In a 2007Los Angeles Times article, an anonymous source said that Spielberg wanted to "carry the torch that DreamWorks should feel like its own studio."[60] In 2007, Redstone said, "I understand how people like them, entrepreneurs who built companies and are creative geniuses, want a hell of a lot of autonomy. They're entitled to a lot of autonomy and [we] are committed to giving them that. We do not treat them as employees, we treat them as co-workers."[60]
One of the biggest clashes between DreamWorks and Viacom/Paramount was over perceived ownership for the acclaimedDreamgirls, which won several awards, and which was a pet project that Geffen had been trying to get made for the last 25 years. This film was shot between January and March 2006, and produced by DreamWorks with funding from Warner Bros. and Paramount. Warner Bros. dropped out of the project at the last minute following Viacom's purchase of DreamWorks, and Paramount subsequently became sole owner of the film. In the lead up to the awards season, a DreamWorks executive sent an email to top Paramount managers, including CEOBrad Grey, stating that theDreamgirls filmmakers had requested there be no speeches before the film's premieres in New York and Los Angeles. However, at both events in early December 2006, Grey proceeded to give a speech honoring the filmmakers and acknowledging Geffen's 25-year effort to bring the project to the screen. According to anonymous DreamWorks insiders, who spoke to the media on anonymity out of fear of reprisal, Grey's actions were seen as a deliberate affront. Conversely, Paramount executives maintained that Grey, as the chairman of the studio owning the film, was well within his rights.[60]
On March 17, 2006, Viacom agreed to sell a controlling interest in the 1997–2005 DreamWorks Pictures live-action library toSoros Strategic Partners andDune Entertainment II.[64] Viacom held a minority 49% stake, while the other parties, led by billionaireGeorge Soros, held a majority 51% stake.[65] The film library (consisting of 59 titles) was valued at $900 million, and selling the majority stake helped Viacom finance the acquisition of the live-action studio itself. Paramount Pictures retained the worldwide distribution rights to those films, as well as various ancillary rights, including music publishing (the music publishing rights were later licensed toSony/ATV Music Publishing when the company acquired Viacom'sFamous Music subdivision), sequels and merchandising. The sale was completed on May 8, 2006.[66] On February 8, 2010, Viacom repurchased Soros' controlling stake in the DreamWorks Pictures library for around $400 million.[67] Several notable DreamWorks films such asCast Away (which DreamWorks controlled international rights) andAmerican Beauty were not released onBlu-ray byParamount Home Entertainment until they bought back Soros' controlling stake. However, they reissued certain other live-action DreamWorks films from 1997–2005 prior to buying back the stake.[68]
With only a few exceptions,[69] Paramount Pictures continues to control the rights to all films and television shows DreamWorks produced during their partnership, in addition to controlling the live-action film and television titles DreamWorks released prior to 2006. Paramount have also retained the film rights to theHasbro-ownedTransformers franchise, going on to release further films without DreamWorks' involvement. Initially, DreamWorks films released on home video by Paramount Home Entertainment were still branded similar toDreamWorks Home Entertainment releases and did not feature Paramount's logo on the packaging. Later home video releases have since incorporated Paramount's branding, including pre-2006 titles which Paramount had no involvement with. Paramount Pictures do not control the rights to any DreamWorks Animation films released during the late 1990s and 2000s, but in 2006, they signed a six year distribution agreement with DreamWorks Animation. Between 2006 and 2012, Paramount Pictures distributed new DreamWorks Animation films, in addition to temporarily controlling the home media rights to the pre-existing DreamWorks Animation library.[70] Like with the live-action DreamWorks films from this period, Paramount's logo only appeared after the credits on these DreamWorks Animation films, including on films such asBee Movie,Over the Hedge andShrek the Third.
Reliance-Spielberg joint venture and Disney distribution (2008–2015)
In June 2008, it was reported that DreamWorks Pictures was looking for financing that would allow it to continue operations, but as an independent production company, once its deal with Paramount ended later that year.[71] Several public equity funds were approached for financing, includingBlackstone Group, Fuse Global,TPG Capital and several others, but all passed on the deal given their understanding of the Hollywood markets. On September 22, 2008, it was announced that DreamWorks closed a deal with Indian investment firmReliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group to create a $1.2 billion stand-alone production company and end its ties with Paramount.[2] In January 2009, Spielberg entered a licensing agreement with DreamWorks Animation to use the DreamWorks trademarks, logo, and name for film productions and releases.[72]
As part of the 2008 separation agreement with Paramount/Viacom, they retained an option to co-finance and co-distribute 15–20 upcoming DreamWorks Pictures projects. As a result of this deal, Paramount Pictures currently own the rights to most live-action DreamWorks films that were released between 1997 and 2010.[73]
On February 9, 2009, DreamWorks Pictures entered into a long-term, 30-picture distribution deal withWalt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, by which DreamWorks' films would be released through theTouchstone Pictures banner, with Disney collecting a 10% distribution fee.[74] Despite signing the deal in early 2009, DreamWorks Pictures only started releasing films through Disney/Touchstone in 2011. The deal also included co-funding via a $175 million loan byWalt Disney Studios to DreamWorks for production and access to slots in Disney's pay television agreement, then withStarz.[74] The agreement was reported to have come after negotiations broke off with Universal Pictures just days earlier.[75] DreamWorks raised $325 million from Reliance Entertainment and an additional $325 million in debt in 2009.[1] On August 18, 2009, DreamWorks and Reliance signed a three-year, $825 million pact for up to six films a year.[76]
DreamWorks' slate of films in 2011,I Am Number Four,Cowboys & Aliens, andFright Night failed, whileThe Help,Real Steel and Spielberg'sWar Horse had success at the box office. This left DreamWorks so financially drained that by 2011, DreamWorks was seeking additional funding from Reliance. Reliance gave a $200 million investment on April 10, 2012. Under the deal, DreamWorks Pictures scaled back production to three films per year and sought co-financiers on big budget films, such as20th Century Fox, which would later that year enter a five-year distribution deal with DreamWorks Animation, would co-finance and handle international distribution forLincoln andBridge of Spies. DreamWorks continued to have Disney distribute and market their films.[1] On August 29, 2012, after renegotiating their agreement with Disney, DreamWorks formed a deal withMister Smith Entertainment to distribute its films internationally excluding India (whereReliance Entertainment will distribute), while Disney would continue to distribute in North America, Latin America, Australia, New Zealand, Russia and some territories in Asia.[77]
Amblin Partners venture and return to Universal (2016–present)
On September 2, 2015, it was reported that DreamWorks and Disney would not renew their distribution deal, which was set to expire in August 2016,[78][79] withThe Light Between Oceans being released in September as the final DreamWorks film distributed by Disney under their original distribution agreement.[80] During that time, DreamWorks was in early negotiations with Universal Pictures to distribute its upcoming films.[78][79] The contract allowing Spielberg to license the DreamWorks trademarks, name and logo from Jeffrey Katzenberg's DreamWorks Animation was set to expire on January 1, 2016, leading to media speculation that Spielberg would not renew the pact.[72] Disney retained the film rights to the fourteen DreamWorks films it released,[81] as well as acquiring the "DreamWorks II Distribution Co. LLC" copyright from DreamWorks and Reliance on December 11, 2015.[82][83]
On December 16, 2015, Spielberg, Reliance,Entertainment One andParticipant Media partnered to launch the content production companyAmblin Partners,[84] relegating DreamWorks to a brand for adult-themed films produced under the new company.[84][85] In addition to DreamWorks, the new company also would produce films under the Amblin Entertainment and Participant banners. On the same day, Amblin Partners announced a five-year distribution deal with Universal, under which the company's films would be distributed and marketed by either the main Universal label or its specialty label,Focus Features.[86][87] 2016'sThe Girl on the Train was the first film released under the new agreement,[81] though a few films, likeGhost in the Shell (2017),Office Christmas Party (2016) andThe Post (2017), were released by Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox respectively.Ghost in the Shell andOffice Christmas Party were DreamWorks Pictures' first projects to have been done with Paramount since the 2008 split and DreamWorks' subsequent distribution relationship with Touchstone. Earlier in 2012, while the DreamWorks/Touchstone deal was in effect, a DreamWorks/Paramount film titledA Thousand Words was released, although this film originally began shooting in August 2008, while DreamWorks was still owned by Viacom.[88] It had been delayed due to complications arising from the DreamWorks/Viacom split.[88]
On February 15, 2017, Universal acquired a minority stake in Amblin Partners,[89][90] which reunited a minority percentage of the live-action DreamWorks label with its former DreamWorks Animation division, which Universal acquired the year prior in 2016 and eventually handled distribution that began withHow to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World in 2019, after DreamWorks Animation's distribution deal with 20th Century Fox expired with the release ofCaptain Underpants: The First Epic Movie in 2017. In 2020,Netflix released the filmThe Trial of the Chicago 7, which was a co-production between DreamWorks Pictures, Paramount Pictures and several other parties. This was one of the 15–20 DreamWorks projects that Paramount originally considered co-financing/co-distributing in late 2008–2010, as part of the post-split deal they made with DreamWorks Pictures.[73] The project would end up being delayed, and shooting did not begin until 2019.[91]
In 2021, Paramount launched their subscription streaming serviceParamount+, which includes the 1997–2010 DreamWorks Pictures films owned by Paramount Pictures.[92] Additionally, Paramount included these films on their free streaming servicePluto TV,[93] which also includes certain DreamWorks Television shows owned by Paramount.[94][95] Disney's subscription streaming serviceDisney+ launched in 2019, and has included the 2011–2016 DreamWorks Pictures films owned by Touchstone.[96] However, this was mainly in international markets where their more adult-focused streaming serviceHulu was unavailable, with Hulu including most of the Touchstone-owned DreamWorks films.[97][98]
The original DreamWorks logo features a boy sitting on acrescent moon with a fishing rod at night. The general idea for the logo was the idea of the company's founder,Steven Spielberg, who wanted aCGI image. IllustratorRobert Hunt was commissioned to execute the idea as a painting, and he used his son as the model.[99] The logo was then turned into amotion graphic atIndustrial Light & Magic, in collaboration with Kaleidoscope Films, Dave Carson and Clint Goldman.[100] It was animated by ILM animation supervisorWes Takahashi.[101][102]
The reimagined animation logo had music adapted from the track "Fairytale" forShrek, based on thechildren's picture book of the same name by authorWilliam Steig. The logo was composed byHarry Gregson-Williams and made its debut in 2004, with the release ofShrek 2, a film which Gregson-Williams also composed. Two years after its acquisition byNBCUniversal in 2016, the logo received a new fanfare composed byJohn Powell and incorporate some cues fromShrek 2 and tones from Williams' original DreamWorks fanfare to create the music for the logo. The new fanfare debuted in 2019, with the release ofHow to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World, a film for which Powell also composed. In 2022, Harry Gregson-Williams returned to compose a new version of the fanfare, with the debut ofPuss in Boots: The Last Wish.
DreamWorks Home Entertainment (DHE) was a home media unit of DreamWorks Pictures and banner for other home media units, formed on March 10, 1998. Its releases were first distributed byUniversal Pictures Home Entertainment (and initially throughCIC Video internationally). After DreamWorks Pictures was purchased byParamount Pictures on February 1, 2006, DHE was folded intoParamount Home Entertainment as a label for films released under the live-action DreamWorks banner until it was shuttered in 2009, when DreamWorks spun itself off from Paramount and became an independent company.
DreamWorks' library of film releases are currently owned and distributed by various studios. The pre-2009 library is owned by Paramount (DW Studios, LLC)[b]; the 2011–2016 library (DreamWorks II Distribution Co., LLC) is owned byWalt Disney Studios Home Entertainment,[c] and the majority of the 2016–present library byUniversal Pictures Home Entertainment.
Universal Pictures Home Entertainment (1998–present for DW Studios, LLC and DreamWorks Animation catalogs; 2016–present for Storyteller Distribution Co., LLC catalog)
Studio Distribution Services (2021–present for Storyteller Distribution Co., LLC and DreamWorks Animation catalogs via UPHE pre-SDS merger; 2024–present for DreamWorks II Distribution Co., LLC catalog via SPHE/WDSHE)
^abcKunz, William M. (2007)."2".Culture Conglomerates: Consolidation in the Motion Picture and Television Industries. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 49, 50.ISBN978-0-7425-4066-8. RetrievedJune 4, 2014.
