Dragon Ball (Japanese:ドラゴンボール,Hepburn:Doragon Bōru) is a Japanesemedia franchise created byAkira Toriyama in 1984. Theinitial manga, written and illustrated by Toriyama, wasserialized inWeekly Shōnen Jump from 1984 to 1995, with the 519 individual chapters collected in 42tankōbon volumes by its publisherShueisha.Dragon Ball was originally inspired by the classical 16th-century Chinese novelJourney to the West, combined with elements ofHong Kong martial arts films.Dragon Ball characters also use a variety ofEast Asian martial arts styles, includingkarate[1][2][3] andWing Chun (kung fu).[2][3][4] The series follows the adventures of protagonistSon Goku from his childhood through adulthood as he trains in martial arts. He spends his childhood far from civilization until he meets a teen girl namedBulma, who encourages him to join her quest in exploring the world in search of the seven orbs known as the Dragon Balls, which summon a wish-granting dragon when gathered. Along his journey, Goku makes several other friends, becomes a family man, discovers his alien heritage, and battles a wide variety of villains, many of whom also seek the Dragon Balls.
Toriyama'smanga was adapted and divided into twoanime series produced byToei Animation:Dragon Ball andDragon Ball Z, which together were broadcast in Japan between 1986 - 1996. Additionally, the studio has developed21 animated feature films and three television specials, as well as an anime sequel series titledDragon Ball GT (1996–1997) and an anime midquel series titledDragon Ball Super (2015–2018). From 2009 to 2015, a revised version ofDragon Ball Z aired in Japan under the titleDragon Ball Kai, as a recut that follows the manga's story more faithfully by removing most of the material featured exclusively in the anime. Several companies have developed various types of merchandise based on the series leading to a large media franchise that includes films (both animated andlive-action),collectible trading card games,action figures,collections of soundtracks, and numerousvideo games.Dragon Ball has become one of thehighest-grossing media franchises of all time.
TheDragon Ball manga has been sold in over 40countries and the anime has been broadcast in more than 80countries. The manga's 42 collectedtankōbon volumes have over 160 million copies sold in Japan and260 million copies sold worldwide,[5][a][c] making it one of thebest-selling manga series of all time. Reviewers have praised the art, characterization, and humor of the story. It is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential manga series ever made, with manymanga artists citingDragon Ball as a source of inspiration for their own now-popular works. The anime, particularlyDragon Ball Z, is also highly popular around the world and is considered one of the most influential in boosting the popularity of Japanese animation in Western culture. It has had a considerable impact on globalpopular culture, referenced by and inspiring numerous artists, athletes, celebrities, filmmakers, musicians, and writers around the world.
Earth, known as the Dragon World (ドラゴンワールド) and designated as "Planet 4032-877" by the celestial hierarchy, is the main setting for the entire Dragon Ball series, as well as related media such asDr. Slump,Neko Majin, andJaco the Galactic Patrolman. It is mainly inhabited by Earthlings (地球人,Chikyūjin), a term used inclusively to refer to all of the intelligent races native to the planet, including humans, anthropomorphic beings, and monsters. Starting from theDragon Ball Z series, variousextraterrestrial species such as the Saiyans (サイヤ人,Saiya-jin) andNamekians (ナメック星人,Namekku-seijin) have played a more prominent role in franchise media.
The narrative ofDragon Ball predominantly follows the adventures of the SaiyanSon Goku; upon meetingBulma at the beginning of the series, the two embark on an adventure to gather the seven Dragon Balls, a set of orbs that summon the wish-granting dragonShenron.[ch. 1] Goku later receives martial arts training fromKame-Sen'nin, meets his lifelong friendKuririn, and enters theTenkaichi Budōkai (天下一武道会, lit. "Strongest Under the Heavens Martial Arts Tournament") to fight the world's strongest warriors. WhenPiccolo Daimao, and later his offspringPiccolo, tries to conquer the planet, Goku receives training from Earth's deities to defeat them. Goku later sacrifices his life to save the planet from his estranged brotherRaditz,[ch. 205] but is revived after training in the afterlife under the tutelage of theNorth Kaio to combat the other incoming Saiyans,Nappa andVegeta. He later becomes a Super Saiyan and defeats the powerful alien tyrantFreeza; this sets the tone of the rest of the series, with each enemy the characters face becoming stronger than the last, requiring them to attain further training.
Dragon Ball Super establishes that the franchise is set in amultiverse[11] composed of twelve[d] numbered universes, with the majority of theDragon Ball series taking place in Universe 7 (第7宇宙,Dai-Nana Uchū, lit. "Number Seven Universe"). Each universe is ruled by a number of benevolent and malevolent deities, respectively called Kaioshin and Gods of Destruction who are appointed by a higher being calledZeno, who watches over the multiverse.
He originally thought it would last about a year or end once the Dragon Balls were collected.[23] Toriyama stated that although the stories are purposefully easy to understand, he specifically aimedDragon Ball at readers older than those of his previous serialDr. Slump.[24] He also wanted to break from the Western influences common inDr. Slump, deliberately going for Chinese scenery, referencing Chinese buildings and photographs of China his wife had bought.[25] Toriyama wanted to setDragon Ball in a fictional world largely based on Asia, taking inspiration from severalAsian cultures includingJapanese,Chinese,Indian,Central Asian,Arabic andIndonesian cultures.[26] The island where theTenkaichi Budōkai is held is modeled afterBali (in Indonesia), which he, his wife and assistant visited in mid-1985, and for the area aroundBobbidi's spaceship he consulted photos of Africa.[25] Toriyama was also inspired by thejinn (genies) fromThe Arabian Nights.[27]
The Earth ofDragon Ball, as published inDaizenshuu 4: World Guide
During the early chapters of the manga, Toriyama's editor,Kazuhiko Torishima, commented that Goku looked rather plain. To combat this, he added several characters like Kame-Sen'nin and Kuririn, and created theTenkaichi Budōkai martial arts tournament to focus the storyline on fighting. It was when the firstTenkaichi Budōkai began thatDragon Ball truly became popular, having recalled the races and tournaments inDr. Slump.[17] Anticipating that readers would expect Goku to win the tournaments, Toriyama had him lose the first two while planning an eventual victory. This allowed for more character growth as the manga progressed. He said that Muscle Tower in the Red Ribbon Army storyline was inspired by the video gameSpartan X (calledKung-Fu Master in the West), in which enemies appear very fast as the player ascends a tower (the game was in turn inspired by Jackie Chan'sWheels on Meals and Bruce Lee'sGame of Death). He then created Piccolo Daimao as a truly evil villain, and as a result called that arc the most interesting to draw.[17]
Once Goku and company had become the strongest on Earth, they turned to extraterrestrial opponents including the Saiyans (サイヤ人,Saiya-jin); and Goku himself wasretconned from an Earthling to a Saiyan who was sent to Earth as a baby.[28] Freeza, who forcibly took over planets to resell them, was created around the time of theJapanese economic bubble and was inspired byreal estatespeculators, whom Toriyama called the "worst kind of people".[17] Finding the escalating enemies difficult, he created the Ginyu Force to add more balance to the series. When Toriyama created the Super Saiyan (超サイヤ人,Sūpā Saiya-jin) transformation during the Freeza arc, he was initially concerned that Goku's facial expressions as a Super Saiyan made him look like a villain, but decided it was acceptable since the transformation was brought about by anger.[29] Goku's Super Saiyan form has blonde hair because it was easier to draw for Toriyama's assistant (who spent a lot of time blacking in Goku's hair), and has piercing eyes based on Bruce Lee's paralyzing glare.[30]Dragon Ball Z anime character designer Tadayoshi Yamamuro also used Bruce Lee as a reference for Goku's Super Saiyan form, stating that, when he "first becomes a Super Saiyan, his slanting pose with that scowling look in his eyes is all Bruce Lee."[31] Toriyama later addedtime travel during the Cell arc, but said he had a hard time with it, only thinking of what to do that week and having to discuss it with his second editor Yu Kondo.[17] After Cell's death, Toriyama intended for Gohan to replace Goku as the series'protagonist, but later felt the character was not suited for the role and changed his mind.[17]
Going against the normal convention that the strongest characters should be the largest in terms of physical size, he designed many ofDragon Ball's most powerful characters with small statures, including the protagonist, Goku.[32] Toriyama later explained that he had Goku grow up as a means to make drawing fight scenes easier, even though his first editorKazuhiko Torishima was initially against it because it was rare to have the main character of a manga series change drastically.[33] When including fights in the manga, Toriyama had the characters go to uninhabited locations to avoid difficulties in drawing residents and destroyed buildings.[25] Toriyama said that he did not plan the details of the story, resulting in strange occurrences and discrepancies later in the series, including changing the colors of the characters mid-story and few characters havingscreentone because he found it difficult to use.[20][18][23][34] Since the completion ofDragon Ball, Toriyama has continued to add to its story, mostly background information on its universe, through guidebooks published by Shueisha.
During the second half of the series, Toriyama said that he had become more interested in coming up with the story than actually drawing it, and that the battles became more intense with him simplifying the lines.[20] In 2013, he stated that becauseDragon Ball is an action manga the most important aspect is the sense of speed, so he did not draw very elaborate, going so far as to suggest one could say that he was not interested in the art.[33] He also once said that his goal for the series was to tell an "unconventional and contradictory" story.[32] In 2013, commenting onDragon Ball's global success, Toriyama said, "Frankly, I don't quite understand why it happened. While the manga was being serialized, the only thing I wanted as I kept drawing was to make Japanese boys happy.", "The role of my manga is to be a work of entertainment through and through. I dare say I don't care even if [my works] have left nothing behind, as long as they have entertained their readers."[35]
Dragon Ball debuted inWeekly Shōnen Jump No. 51, on December 3, 1984 which is also considered to be highly sought after among fans and collectors
Written and illustrated by Akira Toriyama,Dragon Ball was serialized in the manga anthologyWeekly Shōnen Jump from December 3, 1984, to June 5, 1995,[36][37] when Toriyama grew exhausted and felt he needed a break from drawing. The 519 individual chapters were collected in 42tankōbon volumes byShueisha from September 10, 1985, through August 4, 1995.[38][39][40] Between December 4, 2002, and April 2, 2004, the chapters were re-released in a collection of 34kanzenban volumes, which included a slightly rewritten ending, new covers, and color artwork from itsWeekly Shōnen Jump run.[41][42] The February 2013 issue ofV Jump, which was released in December 2012, announced that parts of the manga will be fully colored and re-released in 2013.[43] 20 volumes, beginning from chapter 195 and grouped by story arcs, were released between February 4, 2013, and July 4, 2014.[44][45] 12 volumes covering the first 194 chapters were published between January 4 and March 4, 2016.[46][47] Asōshūhen edition that aims to recreate the manga as it was originally serialized inWeekly Shōnen Jump with color pages, promotional text, and next chapter previews, was published in 18 volumes between May 13, 2016, and January 13, 2017.[48][49]
Another manga penned by Ōishi, the three-chapterDragon Ball: Episode of Bardock that revolves aroundBardock, Goku's father, was published in the monthly magazineV Jump from August and October 2011.[50]
The final chapter of Toriyama's 2013 manga seriesJaco the Galactic Patrolman revealed that it is set beforeDragon Ball, with several characters making appearances.[51]Jaco's collected volumes contain a bonusDragon Ball chapter depicting Goku's mother.[52]
In December 2016, aspin-off manga titledDragon Ball Side Story: The Case of Being Reincarnated as Yamcha began in Shueisha'sShōnen Jump+ digital magazine. Written and illustrated by Dragon Garow Lee, it is about a high school boy who after an accident wakes up in the body of Yamcha in theDragon Ball manga.[53]
Dragon Ball is one of the most popular manga series of all time, and it continues to enjoy high readership today.Dragon Ball is credited as one of the main reasons manga circulation was at its highest between the mid-1980s and mid-1990s.[57][58] DuringDragon Ball's initial run inWeekly Shōnen Jump, themanga magazine reached an average circulation of 6.53million weekly sales, the highest in its history.[57][58][59] DuringDragon Ball's serialization between 1984 and 1995,Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine had a total circulation of over 2.9billion copies,[60][e] with those issues generating an estimated¥554 billion ($6.9 billion) in sales revenue.[e]
Dragon Ball also sold a record number of collectedtankōbon volumes for its time. By 2000, more than 126milliontankōbon copies had been sold in Japan alone.[61] It sold over 150million copies in Japan by 2008, making it thebest-selling manga ever at the time.[62] By 2012, its sales in Japan had grown to pass 156million, making it the second best-sellingWeekly Shōnen Jump manga of all time, behindOne Piece.[63]Dragon Ball'stankobon volumes sold 159.5million copies in Japan by February 2014,[64] and have sold over 160million copies in Japan as of 2016.[65][user-generated source]
The manga is similarly popular overseas, having been translated and released in over 40countries worldwide.[66] The total number oftankōbon volumes sold have reached 350million copies worldwide.[67][68][69][70][71] not including unofficial pirated copies; when including pirated copies, an estimated total of more than 400million official and unofficial copies have been sold worldwide.[h][f][g]
For the 10th anniversary of theJapan Media Arts Festival in 2006, Japanese fans votedDragon Ball the third greatest manga of all time.[73] In a survey conducted byOricon in 2007 among 1,000 people, Son Goku, the main character of the franchise, ranked first place as the "Strongest Manga Character of All Time."[74] Goku's journey and his ever-growing strength resulted in the character winning "the admiration of young boys everywhere".[16] Manga artists, such asOne Piece creatorEiichiro Oda andNaruto creatorMasashi Kishimoto, have stated that Goku inspired their series' main protagonists as well as series structure.[75][76]
Manga criticJason Thompson stated in 2011 that "Dragon Ball is by far the most influential shōnen manga of the last 30 years, and today, almost everyShōnen Jump artist lists it as one of their favorites and lifts from it in various ways."[77] He says the series "turns from a gag/adventure manga to an nearly-pure fighting manga",[77] and its basic formula of "lots of martial arts, lots of training sequences, a few jokes" became the model for other shōnen series, such asNaruto.[78] Thompson also called Toriyama's art influential and cited it as a reason for the series' popularity.[77] James S. Yadao, author ofThe Rough Guide to Manga, claims that the first several chapters ofDragon Ball"play out much likeSaiyuki withDr. Slump-like humour built in" and thatDr. Slump, Toriyama's previous manga, has a clear early influence on the series.[79] He feels the series "established its unique identity" after the first occasion when Goku's group disbands and he trains under Kame-Sen'nin, when the story develops "a far more action-packed, sinister tone" with "wilder" battles with aerial and spiritual elements and an increased death count, while humor still makes an occasional appearance.[79] Yadao claims that an art shift occurs when the characters "lose the rounded, innocent look that he established inDr. Slump and gain sharper angles that leap off the page with their energy and intensity."[80]
Animerica felt the series had "worldwide appeal", using dramatic pacing and over-the-top martial arts action to "maintain tension levels and keep a crippler crossface hold on the audience's attention spans".[81] InLittle Boy: The Art of Japan's Exploding Subculture, Takashi Murakami commented thatDragon Ball's "never-ending cyclical narrative moves forward plausibly, seamlessly, and with great finesse".[61] Ridwan Khan from Animefringe.com commented that the manga had a "chubby" art style, but as the series continued the characters got more refined, leaner, and more muscular. Khan prefers the manga over the slow pacing of the anime counterparts.[82] Allen Divers ofAnime News Network praised the story and humor of the manga as being very good at conveying all of the characters' personalities. Divers also calledViz's translation one of the best of all the English editions of the series due to its faithfulness to the original Japanese.[83] D. Aviva Rothschild of Rationalmagic.com remarked the first manga volume as "a superior humor title". They praised Goku's innocence and Bulma's insistence as one of the funniest parts of the series.[84]
The content of the manga has been controversial in the United States. In November 1999,Toys "R" Us removed Viz'sDragon Ball from their stores nationwide when aDallas parent complained the series had "borderline soft porn" after he bought them for his four-year-old son.[85] Commenting on the issue,Susan J. Napier explained it as a difference in culture.[85] After the ban, Viz reluctantly began to censor the series to keep wide distribution.[86] However, in 2001, after releasing three volumes censored, Viz announcedDragon Ball would be uncensored and reprinted due to fan reactions.[86] In October 2009,Wicomico County Public Schools inMaryland banned theDragon Ball manga from their school district because it "depicts nudity, sexual contact between children and sexual innuendo among adults and children".[85]
Toei Animation produced ananime television series based on the first 194 manga chapters, also titledDragon Ball. The series premiered in Japan onFuji TV on February 26, 1986, and ran until April 19, 1989, lasting 153 episodes.[15] It is broadcast in 81countries worldwide.[87]
Instead of continuing the anime asDragon Ball, Toei Animation decided to carry on with their adaptation under a new name and asked Akira Toriyama to come up with the title.Dragon Ball Z (ドラゴンボールZ(ゼット),Doragon Bōru Zetto, commonly abbreviated asDBZ) picks up five years after the first series left off and adapts the final 325 chapters of the manga. It premiered in Japan on Fuji TV on April 26, 1989, taking over its predecessor's time slot, and ran for 291 episodes until its conclusion on January 31, 1996.[15] Two television specials based on theZ series were aired on Fuji TV in Japan. The first special,The One True Final Battle ~The Z Warrior Who Challenged Frieza – Son Goku's Father~, renamedBardock – The Father of Goku byFunimation, was shown on October 17, 1990.[88] The second special,Defiance in the Face of Despair!! The Remaining Super-Warriors: Gohan and Trunks, renamedThe History of Trunks by Funimation, aired on February 24, 1993.[88]
Dragon Ball GT (ドラゴンボールGT(ジーティー),Doragon Bōru Jī Tī,G(rand) T(ouring))[89] premiered on Fuji TV on February 7, 1996, and ran until November 19, 1997, for 64 episodes.[15] Unlike the first two anime series, it is not based on Akira Toriyama's originalDragon Ball manga,[90] being created by Toei Animation as a sequel to the series or as Toriyama called it, a "grand side story of the originalDragon Ball."[89] Toriyama designed the main cast, the spaceship used in the show, the design of three planets, and came up with the title and logo. In addition to this, Toriyama also oversaw production of the series, just as he had for theDragon Ball andDragon Ball Z anime. The television special episode,Goku's Side Story! The Proof of his Courage is the Four-Star Ball, orA Hero's Legacy as Funimation titled it for their dub, aired on March 26, 1997.[91]
In February 2009,Dragon Ball Z celebrated its 20th anniversary, with Toei Animation announcing that it would broadcast a re-edited and remastered version of theDragon Ball Z anime under the nameDragon Ball Kai (ドラゴンボール改,Doragon Bōru Kai, lit. "Dragon Ball Revised"). The footage would be re-edited to follow the manga more closely, eliminating scenes and episodes which were not featured in the original manga, resulting in a more faithful adaptation, as well as in a faster-moving, and more focused story.[92] The episodes were remastered forHDTV, with rerecording of the vocal tracks by most of the original cast, and featuring updated opening and ending sequences. On April 5, 2009, the series premiered in Japan airing in Fuji TV.[93][94]Dragon Ball Z Kai reduced the episode count to 159 episodes (167 episodes internationally), from the original footage of 291 episodes. Damaged frames were removed, resulting in some minor shots being remade from scratch in order to fix cropping, and others to address continuity issues.[95] The majority of the international versions, includingFunimation Entertainment's English dub, are titledDragon Ball Z Kai.[96][97]
On April 28, 2015, Toei Animation announcedDragon Ball Super (ドラゴンボール超,Doragon Bōru Sūpā), the first all-newDragon Ball television series to be released in 18 years. It debuted on July 5 and ran as a weekly series at 9:00 am on Fuji TV on Sundays until its series finale on March 25, 2018, after 131 episodes.[98]Masako Nozawa reprises her roles as Goku, Gohan, andGoten. Most of the original cast reprise their roles as well.[99][100]Koichi Yamadera andMasakazu Morita also reprise their roles, asBeerus andWhis, respectively.[100]
The story of the anime is set after the defeat ofMajin Buu, when the Earth has become peaceful once again. Akira Toriyama is credited as the original creator, as well for "original story and character design concepts".[101] It is also being adapted into a parallel manga.[102]
In May 2018, an anime to promote theSuper Dragon Ball Heroes card and video game series was announced.[103] It was released online from July 1, 2018,[104] to August 8, 2024.[105]
Dragon Ball Daima aired onFuji TV from October 2024 to February 2025. It features a storyline set after the events of the Majin Buu Saga ofDragon Ball Z but beforeDragon Ball Super and the last few episodes ofDragon Ball Z. It is the last work ofAkira Toriyama.
The anime adaptations have also been very well-received and are better known in the Western world than the manga, with Anime News Network saying, "Few anime series have mainstreamed it the wayDragon Ball Z has. To a certain generation of television consumers its characters are as well known as any in the animated realm, and for many it was the first step into the wilderness of anime fandom."[112] In a survey conducted by Oricon, "Japanese anime that I think is world-class" and "world-class Manga & Anime" "Dragon Ball" was selected as No. 1 with an overwhelming number of votes in both surveys.[113][114] In 2000, satellite TV channelAnimax together withBrutus, a men's lifestyle magazine, andTsutaya, Japan's largest video rental chain, conducted a poll among 200,000 fans on the top anime series, withDragon Ball coming in fourth.[115] "Dragon Ball" won first place in the "100 Best Anime in Japan that has advanced to the world" questionnaire on TV Asahi 's " Decision! This is Japan's Best ".[116]TV Asahi conducted two polls in 2005 on the Top 100 Anime,Dragon Ball came in second in the nationwide survey conducted with multiple age-groups and in third in the online poll.[117][118]
Dragon Ball is one of the most successful franchises in animation history.[119] The anime series is broadcast in more than 80countries worldwide.[87] In Japan, the firstsixteen anime films up untilDragon Ball Z: Wrath of the Dragon (1995) sold 50million tickets and grossed over¥40 billion ($501 million) at the box office, in addition to selling over 500,000 home video units, by 1996.[120][121] Later DVD releases of theDragon Ball anime series have topped Japan's sales charts on several occasions.[122][123] In the United States, the anime series sold over 25million DVD units by January 2012,[124] and has sold more than 30million DVD andBlu-ray units as of 2017.[119] InLatin America, public screenings of theDragon Ball Super finale in 2018 filled public spaces and stadiums in cities across the region, including stadiums holding tens of thousands of spectators.[125]
Dragon Ball Z also proved to be a rating success in the United States, outperforming top shows such asFriends andThe X-Files in some parts of the country insweeps ratings during its first season.[126] The premiere of season three ofDragon Ball Z in 1999, done byFunimation's in-house dub, was the highest-rated program ever at the time on Cartoon Network.[127] In 2002, in the week ending September 22,Dragon Ball Z was the #1 program of the week on all of television with tweens 9–14, boys 9–14 and men 12–24, with the Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday telecasts ofDragon Ball Z ranked as the top three programs in all of television, broadcast or cable, for delivery of boys 9–14.[128] Dragon Ball GT has also had high ratings[129] In 2001, it was reported that the official website ofDragon Ball Z recorded 4.7 million hits per day and included 500,000+ registered fans.[130] Dragon Ball Z topped the Lycos 50 list of 'most searched' items for the second consecutive year—the first time that any topic has ever been able to repeat its dominance over a two-year period.[131] Dragon Ball ranked second overall in the search number ranking for the past 10 years released byLYCOS in 2005.[132] and ranked 3rd in Yahoo! in 2002 withPlayStation 2 topping the list[133] Even after it ended, the "Dragon Ball" series continues to maintain a high level of popularity, surpassing that of new anime, and is also often being rebroadcast, making the "Dragon Ball" series Funimation's most important anime license[134] The audience rating of the first Dragon Ball Kai episode onNicktoons is the highest since the station opened[135]
Carl Kimlinger of Anime News Network summed upDragon Ball as "an action-packed tale told with rare humor and something even rarer—a genuine sense of adventure."[136] Both Kimlinger and colleague Theron Martin noted Funimation's reputation for drastic alterations of the script, but praised the dub.[136][137] However, some critics and most fans of the Japanese version have been more critical with Funimation's English dub and script ofDragon Ball Z over the years. Jeffrey Harris ofIGN criticized the voices, including how Freeza's appearance combined with the feminine English voice left fans confused about Freeza's gender.[138] Carlos Ross of T.H.E.M. Anime Reviews considered the series' characters to be different from stereotypical stock characters and noted that they undergo much more development.[139] Despite praisingDragon Ball Z for its cast of characters, they criticized it for having long and repetitive fights.[140]
Dragon Ball Z is well-known, and often criticized, for its long, repetitive, dragged-out fights that span several episodes, with Martin commenting "DBZ practically turned drawing out fights into an art form."[141] However, Jason Thompson of io9 explained that this comes from the fact that the anime was being created alongside the manga.[142]Dragon Ball Z was listed as the 78th best animated show inIGN's Top 100 Animated Series,[143] and was also listed as the 50th greatest cartoon inWizard magazine's Top 100 Greatest Cartoons list.[144]
Harris commented thatDragon Ball GT "is downright repellent", mentioning that the material and characters had lost their novelty and fun. He also criticized theGT character designs ofTrunks andVegeta as being goofy.[138] Zac Bertschy of Anime News Network also gave negative comments aboutGT, mentioning that the fights from the series were "a very simple childish exercise" and that many other anime were superior. The plot ofDragon Ball GT has also been criticized for giving a formula that was already used in its predecessors.[145]
Twenty animated theatrical films based on theDragon Ball series have been released in Japan. The most recent films,Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Gods (2013),Dragon Ball Z: Resurrection 'F' (2015),Dragon Ball Super: Broly (2018), andDragon Ball Super: Super Hero (2022), were produced as full-length feature films and were given stand-alone theatrical releases in Japan (as well as limited theatrical releases in the U.S.). They've also been the first movies to have original creator Akira Toriyama deeply involved in their production;Battle of Gods andResurrection 'F' were remade into the first and second arcs of theDragon Ball Super anime, which told the same stories as the two films in expanded detail.[146][147] The 1996 feature film,Dragon Ball: The Path to Power, was also a full-length theatrical release with a running time of 80 minutes, and was produced to coincide with the 10th anniversary of the anime as a re-imagining of the first few arcs of the series.
All previous films were mostly belowfeature length (around 45–60 minutes each), making them only slightly longer than one or two episodes of the TV series; this is due to them being originally shown as back-to-back presentations alongside other Toei film productions. These films are also mostly alternate re-tellings of certain story arcs (likeThe Path to Power), or extra side-stories that do not correlate with the continuity of the series. The first three films, along withThe Path to Power, are based on the originalDragon Ball anime series. The remaining thirteen older films are based onDragon Ball Z. The first five films were shown at the Toei Manga Festival (東映まんがまつり,Tōei Manga Matsuri), while the sixth through seventeenth films were shown at the Toei Anime Fair (東映アニメフェア,Toei Anime Fea).
An Americanlive-action film titledDragonball Evolution was produced by20th Century Fox after it acquired thefeature film rights to theDragon Ball franchise in March 2002. Previous to the film, two unofficial live-action films had been produced decades prior. The first was a Korean film titledDragon Ball: Ssawora Son Goku, Igyeora Son Goku (드래곤볼 싸워라 손오공 이겨라 손오공;Deulaegonbol Ssawola Son Ogong Igyeola Son Ogong;lit. Dragon Ball: Fight Son Goku, Win Son Goku), while the second was a Taiwanese film titledDragon Ball: The Magic Begins (新七龍珠;Xīn qī lóng zhū), which was also dubbed in English.[148][149] The film was directed byJames Wong and produced byStephen Chow, it was released in the United States on April 10, 2009.[149][150] The film was meant to lead into sequels,[151][152]which were cancelled, after the film flopped at the box office and became universally heralded as one of the worst adaptations of all time, being considered by the fans as being unfaithful to the source material.[153] Franchise creator Akira Toriyama also criticized the film adding he was completely left out of the creative process, despite having himself offered to help, going as far as saying: "the result was a movie, I couldn't even callDragon Ball".[154] Years after its release, the writer of the film, Ben Ramsey, released a public apology in which he admitted to have written the film "chasing for a payday" instead of "as a fan of the franchise".[155][156]
With the news of20th Century Fox selling itself, its assets, which include the film rights to theDragon Ball franchise, will now be owned by its purchaser,The Walt Disney Company.[157] However, there have been no plans made by The Walt Disney Company to create a new live-actionDragon Ball movie.[158]
"Dragon Ball Z: The Real 4D" debuted atUniversal Studios Japan in the summer of 2016. It features a battle between Goku and Freeza. Unlike mostDragon Ball animation, the attraction is animated withCGI. A second attraction titled "Dragon Ball Z: The Real 4-D at Super Tenkaichi Budokai" debuted at Universal Studios Japan in the summer of 2017, which featured a battle between the heroes andBroly.
The mobile gameDragon Ball Z: Dokkan Battle (2015) has received over350 million downloads worldwide, as of 2021[update].[169] A notable recent release isDragon Ball FighterZ (2018), a fighting game developed byArc System Works. The game received massive fan and critical acclaim for its fast paced frantic 3v3 battles and great visuals, also winning Best Fighting Game of 2018 atThe Game Awards[170] and many other awards and other nominations. It also has a largeeSports scene, where it is one of the most popular fighting games.[125] It also did very well commercially, selling 4 million units across all platforms.[171]
In 1994, the licenseeBandai earned$140 million annually from sales of licensedDragon Ball toys, video games and other character goods in Japan.[172] In 1996,Dragon Ball Z grossed$2.95 billion in merchandise sales worldwide.[173] As of early 1996, more than 100 companies outside Japan applied for character goods.[174] Bandai sold over 2billionDragon BallCarddass cards in Japan by 1998,[175] and over 1million Dragon Starsaction figures in the Americas and Europe as of 2018.[176] In 2000,Burger King sponsored a toy promotion to distribute20 millionDragon Ball Z figures across North America.[177] By 2011, the franchise had generated$5 billion in merchandise sales.[178] In 2012, the franchise grossed¥7.67 billion ($96.13 million) from licensed merchandise sales in Japan.[179]
Myriadsoundtracks were released in the anime, movies and the games. The music for the first two animeDragon Ball andZ and its films was composed byShunsuke Kikuchi, while the music fromGT was composed by Akihito Tokunaga and the music fromKai was composed by Kenji Yamamoto and Norihito Sumitomo. For the first anime, the soundtracks released wereDragon Ball: Music Collection in 1985 andDragon Ball: Complete Song Collection in 1991, although they were reissued in 2007 and 2003, respectively.[180] For the second anime, the soundtrack series released wereDragon Ball Z Hit Song Collection Series. It was produced and released byColumbia Records of Japan from July 21, 1989, to March 20, 1996, the show's entire lifespan. On September 20, 2006, Columbia re-released the Hit Song Collection on their Animex 1300 series.[181][182] Other CDs released are compilations, video games and films soundtracks as well as music from the English versions.[183]
There have been numerous companion books to theDragon Ball franchise. Chief among these are theDaizenshuu (大全集) series, comprising seven hardback main volumes and three supplemental softcover volumes, covering the manga and the first two anime series and their theatrical films. The first of these,Dragon Ball: The Complete Illustrations (Daizenshuu volume 1), first published in Japan in 1995, is the only one that was released in English, being printed in 2008 byViz Media.[184] It contains all 264 colored illustrations Akira Toriyama drew for theWeekly Shōnen Jump magazines' covers, bonus giveaways and specials, and all the covers for the 42tankōbon. It also includes an interview with Toriyama on his work process. The remainder have never been released in English, and all are now out of print in Japan. From February 4 to May 9, 2013, condensed versions of theDaizenshuu with some updated information were released as the four-volumeChōzenshū (超全集) series.[43] ForDragon Ball GT, theDragon Ball GT Perfect Files were released in May and December 1997 byShueisha'sJump Comics Selection imprint. They include series information, illustration galleries, behind-the-scenes information, and more. They were out of print for many years, but were re-released in April 2006 (accompanying the Japanese DVD release ofDragon Ball GT) and this edition is still in print.[185][186]
Coinciding with the 34-volumekanzenban re-release of the manga, and the release of the entire series on DVD for the first time in Japan, four new guidebooks were released in 2003 and 2004.Dragon Ball Landmark andDragon Ball Forever cover the manga, using volume numbers for story points that reference thekanzenban release,[187][188] whileDragon Ball: Tenkaichi Densetsu (ドラゴンボール 天下一伝説) andDragon Ball Z: Son Goku Densetsu (ドラゴンボールZ 孫悟空伝説) cover theDragon Ball andDragon Ball Z anime, respectively.[189][190] Much of the material in these books is reused from the earlierDaizenshuu volumes, but they include new textual material including substantial interviews with the creator, cast and production staff of the series.Son Goku Densetsu in particular showcases previously unpublished design sketches of Goku's father Bardock, drawn by character designer Katsuyoshi Nakatsuru prior to creator Akira Toriyama's revisions that resulted in the final version.
Following the release ofDragon Ball Kai in Japan, four new guidebooks were released: the two-volumeDragon Ball: Super Exciting Guide (ドラゴンボール 超エキサイティングガイド) in 2009, covering the manga,[191][192] and two-volumeDragon Ball: Extreme Battle Collection (ドラゴンボール 極限バトルコレクション) in 2010, covering the anime series.[193][194] Despite the TV series airing during this time beingKai, theExtreme Battle Collection books reference the earlierZ series in content and episode numbers. These books also include new question-and-answer sessions with Akira Toriyama, revealing a few new details about the world and characters of the series. 2010 also saw the release of a new artbook,Dragon Ball: Anime Illustrations Guide – The Golden Warrior (ドラゴンボール アニメイラスト集 「黄金の戦士」); a sort of anime-counterpart to the manga-orientedComplete Illustrations, it showcases anime-original illustrations and includes interviews with the three principal character designers for the anime. Each of the Japanese "Dragon Box" DVD releases of the series and movies, which were released from 2003 to 2006, as well as theBlu-ray boxed sets ofDragon Ball Kai, released 2009 to 2011, come with aDragon Book guide that contains details about the content therein. Each also contains a new interview with a member of the cast or staff of the series. These books have been reproduced textually for Funimation's release of theDragon Ball Z Dragon Box sets from 2009 to 2011.
Collectible cards based on theDragon Ball,Dragon Ball Z, andDragon Ball GT series have been released byBandai. These cards feature various scenes from the manga and anime stills, plus exclusive artwork from all three series. Bandai released the first set in the United States in July 2008.[195]
^abAdditionally, more than 100million unofficial pirated copies are estimated to have been sold in China, as of 2005.[72]
^abAdditionally, more than 30million unofficial pirated copies are estimated to have been sold in South Korea, as of 2014.[citation needed]
^Tally does not include unofficial pirated copies. When including the over 130million unofficial pirated copies sold in China and South Korea,[f][g] an estimated total of more than 470million official and unofficial copies have been sold worldwide.
^"The Truth About the "Dragon Ball" Manga: "Toriyama Thought of It Like This" Special".Dragon Ball Super Exciting Guide: Story-Hen(DRAGON BALL 超エキサイティングガイド ストーリー編) [Dragon Ball Super Exciting Guide: Story Volume]. Tōkyō:Shūeisha. March 4, 2009. pp. 87–93.ISBN978-4088748030.When I came up withDragon Ball, I thought I would try to combine the Kung-Fu movies of Jackie Chan and Bruce Lee, which I loved so much that I'd watch them on video even while I was working, with the classicJourney to the West to make an enjoyable manga.
^"Dragon Ball Back Then Vol. 2: Interview with "Dragon Ball Z" character designer Tadayoshi Yamamuro".Dragon Ball Anime Illustration: Kin'iro no Senshi(ドラゴンボール アニメイラスト集 「黄金の戦士」) [Dragon Ball Anime Illustration Collection: The Golden Warrior] (in Japanese). Tōkyō: Hōmusha. April 21, 2010. pp. 50–1.ISBN978-4834284133.
^歴代ドラゴンボール映画作品一覧.年代流行.Archived from the original on May 13, 2019. RetrievedDecember 16, 2018.1995年7月公開『悟空がやらねば誰がやる』までの劇場版シリーズ16作の累計記録は、劇場版ビデオ50万本以上、興行収入400億円以上と、それぞれ1996年初頭時点におけるアニメ映画史上1位を記録した。
^"Business Review Weekly: BRW".Business Review Weekly.17 (1–7): 69. 1995.Archived from the original on March 9, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 3, 2021.Last year alone Bandai sold $140 million of Dragon Ball licensed toys, video games and other character goods in Japan alone.
^"在日本，地位最高的动漫是哆啦a梦么？".Taojinjubao. Character Databank (CharaBiz). January 6, 2018. Archived fromthe original on September 9, 2018. RetrievedMarch 23, 2019.
^復刻版ドラゴンボールGTパーフェクトファイル vol．1 [Dragon Ball GT: Perfect File vol.1]. Shueisha.Archived from the original on January 16, 2016. RetrievedDecember 22, 2013.
^復刻版ドラゴンボールGTパーフェクトファイル vol．2 [Dragon Ball GT: Perfect File vol.2]. Shueisha.Archived from the original on February 24, 2008. RetrievedDecember 22, 2013.
^DRAGON BALL 極限バトルコレクション ラウンド01 [Dragon Ball: Extreme Battle Collection: Round 1]. Shueisha.Archived from the original on January 16, 2016. RetrievedDecember 22, 2013.
^DRAGON BALL 極限バトルコレクション ラウンド02 [Dragon Ball: Extreme Battle Collection: Round 2]. Shueisha.Archived from the original on January 15, 2016. RetrievedDecember 22, 2013.
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