Doubleday is an American publishing company. It was founded as theDoubleday & McClure Company in 1897. By 1947, it was the largest book publisher in the United States. It published the work of mostly U.S. authors under a number of imprints and distributed them through its own stores.
The partnership ended in 1900. McClure andJohn Sanborn Phillips, the co-founder of his magazine, formed McClure, Phillips and Company. Doubleday andWalter Hines Page formedDoubleday, Page & Company.
The bestselling novels ofThomas Dixon Jr., includingThe Leopard's Spots, 1902 andThe Clansman, 1905, "changed a struggling publishing venture into the empire that Doubleday was to become". At the same time, Doubleday helped Dixon launch his writing career. Page and Dixon were both from North Carolina and had known each other inRaleigh, North Carolina.[2]
In 1910, Doubleday, Page & Co. moved its operations, which included a train station, toGarden City, New York, onLong Island.[3] The company purchased much of the land on the east side of Franklin Avenue, and estate homes were built for many of its executives on Fourth Street. Co-founder and Garden City resident Walter Hines Page was namedAmbassador to Great Britain in 1916. In 1922, the company founded its juvenile department, the second in the nation, withMay Massee as head.[4] The founder's sonNelson Doubleday joined the firm in the same year.
In 1927, Doubleday, Page merged with theGeorge H. Doran Company, creatingDoubleday, Doran, then the largest publishing business in the English-speaking world.[citation needed]Doubleday Canada Limited launches in the thirties.[5] In 1944, Doubleday, Doran acquired the Philadelphia medical publisher Blakiston.[6]
In 1946, the company becameDoubleday and Company.Nelson Doubleday resigned as president, but continued as chairman of the board until his death on January 11, 1949.Douglas Black took over as president from 1946 to 1963. His tenure attracted numerous public figures to the publishing company, includingDwight D. Eisenhower,Harry S. Truman,Douglas MacArthur,Robert Taft, andAndré Malraux. He was a strong opponent of censorship and felt that it was his responsibility to the American public to publish controversial titles. Black also expanded Doubleday's publishing program by opening two new printing plants; creating a new line of quality paperbacks, under the imprint Anchor Books; founding mail-order subscription book clubs in its book club division; opening 30 new retail stores in 25 cities; and opening new editorial offices in San Francisco, London, and Paris.[7][8]
By 1947, Doubleday was the largest publisher in the United States, with annual sales of more than 30 million books.[citation needed] In 1954, Doubleday sold Blakiston toMcGraw-Hill.[9]
Doubleday's son-in-lawJohn Sargent was president and CEO from 1963 to 1978. In 1964, Doubleday acquired the educational publisher Laidlaw.[10]
In 1967, the company purchased theDallas-based Trigg-Vaughn group of radio and TV stations to createDoubleday Broadcasting.[11] After expanding during the 1970s and 1980s, Doubleday sold the broadcasting division in 1986.[12]
Nelson Doubleday Jr. succeeded John Sargent as president and CEO from 1978 to 1985.
In 1976, Doubleday bought paperback publisherDell Publishing.[13] In 1980, the company bought theNew York Mets baseball team.[11] The Mets defeated theBoston Red Sox to win the World Series in1986 in a seven-game contest. In 1981, Doubleday promoted James R. McLaughlin to the presidency of Dell Publishing.[14]
Sales slowed in the early 1980s and earnings fell precipitously. Doubleday Jr., brought James McLaughlin over (from subsidiary Dell) to help streamline and downsize. McLaughlin went on to succeed Doubleday Jr., as president and CEO, with Doubleday Jr., becoming chairman of the board.[15]
By 1986, the firm was a fully integrated international communications company, doing trade publishing, mass-market paperback publishing, book clubs, and book manufacturing, together with ventures in broadcasting and advertising. The company had offices in London and Paris and wholly owned subsidiaries inCanada, Australia, and New Zealand, with joint ventures in the UK and the Netherlands. Nelson Doubleday Jr. sold the publishing company toBertelsmann in 1986 for a reported $475 million, with James R. McLaughlin resigning on December 17, 1986.[16][17] After the purchase, Bertelsmann sold Laidlaw toMacmillan Inc.[18]
The sale of Doubleday to Bertelsmann did not include the Mets, which Nelson Doubleday and minority ownerFred Wilpon had purchased from Doubleday & Company for $85 million. In2002, Doubleday sold his stake in the Mets to Wilpon for $135 million after a feud over the monetary value of the team.[19][20]
In 1988, portions of the firm became part of theBantam DoubledayDell Publishing Group, which in turn became a division ofRandom House in 1998.[21] Doubleday was combined in a group withBroadway Books, Anchor Books was combined withVintage Books as a division ofKnopf, while Bantam and Dell became a separate group.[22]
In 1996, Doubleday founded the Christian publisher WaterBrook Press.[23]
WaterBrook acquired Harold Shaw Publishers in 2000 and Multnomah Publishers in 2006.[24][25]
In late 2008 and early 2009, Doubledayimprint merged withKnopf Publishing Group to form the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.[26] In October 2008, Doubleday laid off about 10% of its staff (16 people) across all departments.[27] That December, the Broadway, Doubleday Business, Doubleday Religion, and WaterBrook Multnomah divisions were moved toCrown Publishing Group, a subsidiary of Random House inManhattan.[28]
The following areimprints that exist or have existed under Doubleday:
Anchor Books (sometime as Anchor Doubleday), produced qualitypaperbacks for bookstores; named for theanchor that (along with adolphin) forms Doubleday'scolophon; now part of theKnopf Publishing Group'sVintage Anchor unit
Best in Children's Books, a mail-order collection of original children's short story anthologies
Blakiston Co., medical and scientific books. Sold in 1947 toMcGraw-Hill
Garden City Publishing Co., originally established as a separate firm by Nelson Doubleday, Garden City's books were primarily reprints of books first offered by Doubleday, printed from the original plates but on less expensive paper. It was named for the villageof the same name onLong Island in which Doubleday was long headquartered (until 1986), and which still housesBookspan, the direct marketer of general interest and specialty book clubs run byDoubleday Direct andBook of the Month Club holdings.
Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, a literary imprint established in 1990. Talese, the imprint's publisher and editorial director, is a senior vice president of Doubleday.
Permabooks, paperback division established in 1948
Rimington & Hooper, high-quality limited editions
Triangle Books, purchased in 1939 from Reynal & Hitchcock; sold inexpensive books through chain stores
^"History".randomhouse.com.Archived from the original on July 13, 2013. RetrievedNovember 18, 2009.
^Rohauer, Raymond (1984). "Postscript". In Crewe, Karen (ed.).Southern Horizons. The Autobiography of Thomas Dixon. Alexandria, Virginia: IWV Publishing. p. 325.OCLC11398740.
^Hodowanec, George V., ed. (1979)."THE MAY MASSEE COLLECTION"(PDF). Emporia State University. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on February 12, 2019. RetrievedOctober 30, 2018.
^abjoint venture with Amperwelle Studio München Programmanbietergesellschaft,Axel Springer AG, Burda, Studio Gong, m.b.t. Mediengesellschaft der bayerischen Tageszeitungen für Kabelkommunikation, Medienpool and Radio Bavaria Rundfunkprogrammgesellschaft.
^joint venture with Verlagsgesellschaft Madsack, Studio Gong Niedersachsen and Brune-Rieck-Beteiligungs.
^joint venture with Axel Springer, Heinrich Bauer Verlag, Lühmanndruck Harburger Zeitungsgesellschaft and Morgenpost Verlag.
