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| Location | Dorylaeum,Eskişehir Province,Turkey |
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| Coordinates | 39°47′0″N30°31′0″E / 39.78333°N 30.51667°E /39.78333; 30.51667 |
Dorylaeum orDorylaion (Greek:Δορύλαιον;Turkish:Şarhöyük) was an ancient city inAnatolia. It is now an archaeological site located near the city ofEskişehir,Turkey.[1]
Its original location was about 10 km southwest of Eskişehir, at a place now known as Karaca Hisar; about the end of the fourth century B.C. it was moved to a location north of modern Eskişehir.[2]
Stratigraphy:[3]
Şarhöyük VII has been excavated since 1989. It has revealed a series of archaeological cultural deposits, the earliest dated to the 3rd millennium BC.
The city flourished during the early Bronze Age. Around 2500 BC, a particularly distinctive culture group is discernible in north-western Anatolia, the 'Demircihüyük Culture'. Dorylaeum-Sharhöyük was at the center of these cultural developments.[4]
Şarhöyük VI
Sarhöyük V (ŞH V) layer with five subphases (1-5) of the city is one of the best represented cultural phases on the mound. A newLuwian hieroglyphic seal has been discovered there in 2018. This material represents theHittite Imperial Period.[5]
In the Iron Age, Sarhöyük IV was important under thePhrygians.
Sarhöyük (Dorylaion or Dorylaeum) was aRoman trading post. It also was probably a key city of the route theApostle Paul took on his Second Missionary Voyage in 50 AD. It became a bishopric when part of the LateRoman province ofPhrygia Salutaris.
In the third century AD, it was threatened by Gothic raids. The Roman army that was based in Asia minor was spread thin, and the navy had moved west from the Northern city of Sinope, therefore the provincials were left exposed. These Goths came from the trans-danubian region on the black sea. When the city was under threat, the people used dedicatory statues to build their wall quicker, indicating their rush to protect themselves against the invaders. After theBattle of Manzikert in 1071 it was taken by theSeljuk Turks.
Dorylaeum was the site of two battles during thecrusades. In 1097, during theFirst Crusade, the crusaders defeated the Seljuks there, in their firstmajor victory.[6] During theSecond Crusade it was the site ofa major crusader defeat, which effectively ended the German contribution to the crusade.
Byzantine emperorManuel I Comnenus fortified Dorylaeum in 1175.The contemporary Byzantine historianNiketas Choniates relates that Manuel did not destroy the fortifications of Dorylaeum, as he had agreed to do as part of the treaty he negotiated with theSeljuk Turkish sultanKilij Arslan II immediately after theBattle of Myriokephalon. The sultan's response to this development was not a direct attack on Dorylaeum but the dispatch of a large army to ravage the richMeander valley to the south.[7]
Dorylaeum was described by the Muslim author al-Harawi (died 1215) as a place of medicinalhot springs on the frontier at the end of Christian territory.[8]
Dorylaeum became a bishopric under theByzantine Empire and was asuffragan the Metropolitan ofSynnada in Phrygia.
Seven bishops are known from the fourth to the ninth century, the most famous beingEusebius. The see is mentioned as late as the twelfth century among the suffragans ofSynnada, but must have been suppressed soon after.
Dorylaeum is included in theCatholic Church's list oftitular sees.[9]The diocese was nominally restored as a Latin Catholictitular bishopric in 1715 asDorylaeum, which is spelledDorylaëum since 1925.
It is vacant since decades, having had had the following incumbents, all of the lowest (episcopal) rank :
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