Dongshan County 东山县 Tungshan; Tung shan | |
|---|---|
 Tongling Town, Dongshan | |
 Location of Dongshan in Zhangzhou | |
  Dongshan Location in Fujian | |
| Coordinates:23°41′58″N117°25′13″E / 23.69944°N 117.42028°E /23.69944; 117.42028 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Fujian |
| Prefecture-level city | Zhangzhou |
| Area | |
• Total | 194 km2 (75 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 219,511 |
| • Density | 1,130/km2 (2,930/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Dongshanⓘ (simplified Chinese:东山县;traditional Chinese:東山縣;pinyin:Dōngshān Xiàn;Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Tang-soaⁿ-koān) is acounty of far southernFujian Province, People's Republic ofChina, located along theTaiwan Strait.[1] It comprises 44 islands for a total area of 194 square kilometres (75 sq mi), and is under the administration ofZhangzhou City. The total population was around 220,000 in 2020.[2] Dongshan County has jurisdiction over seven towns, a nationally managed forest and an economic and technological development district.[3] It is an important port forinternational trade andtrade with Taiwan.
On one of the islands, there are several ancient relics, including the 'Mountain of the Nine Immortals', and the Dongshan ancient city, where two famousMing Dynasty generals,Qi Jiguang andZheng Chenggong were based.[citation needed]
Tongling Town on Northeastern Dongshan Island has an ancient waterside castle. Tonghshan Castle was built of stone in 1387 by Zhou Dexing of the Ming Dynasty to protect against Japanese pirates. The gate tower still stands intact. Inside, a path is linked by corridors and the exquisite Temple of Guan Yu. The entrance to the temple is flanked by ancient houses, the birthplace of Huang Daozhou, an official of the Ming Dynasty.[4]
In 1950, at the end of theChinese Civil War, the island was thescene of fighting between the nationalistKuomintang andChinese Communist forces, and again in 1953 during the so-calledDongshan Island Campaign, an unsuccessful attempt by the nationalists to retake the island.[citation needed]
Dongshan County is situated between two economically vibrant cities ofXiamen andShantou. Both areSpecial Economic Zones which have spillover economic effects for Dongshan County, such as increased tourism. The total GDP of islands in 2003 was 3.62 billion yuan. The main industries are fishery, fish farming and asparagus farming.
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The tourism industry is based on rich ancient history, seaside resorts and breath taking scenery.[3]
There are seven towns (镇;zhèn) under the county's administration:
The county has jurisdiction over a nationally managed forest and an economic and technological development district.[3]
Dongshan is located in the southernmost part of the province, withKaohsiung,Taiwan 110 nautical miles (200 km; 130 mi) to the east andHong Kong 210 nautical miles (390 km; 240 mi) to the southwest.
The climate of the Dongshan Islands ishumid subtropical (KöppenCfa) and moderated by their coastal location, without frost through the year. In winter, north-east winds, and in summer south-east winds prevail. The annual average temperature is 20.9 °C (69.6 °F). The coolest month of the year is February with an average temperature of 13.1 °C (55.6 °F); the hottest, July, with an average temperature of 27.5 °C (81.5 °F). The annual average rainfall is only 1,256 millimetres (49.4 in), which causes a shortage of fresh water, especially from October to January. Additional water must be acquired from outside for both domestic and industrial use.[3]
| Climate data for Dongshan, elevation 53 m (174 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 24.8 (76.6) | 27.5 (81.5) | 28.4 (83.1) | 30.0 (86.0) | 32.5 (90.5) | 34.1 (93.4) | 35.6 (96.1) | 37.1 (98.8) | 34.4 (93.9) | 35.0 (95.0) | 31.6 (88.9) | 28.0 (82.4) | 37.1 (98.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 16.7 (62.1) | 16.9 (62.4) | 19.0 (66.2) | 23.1 (73.6) | 26.8 (80.2) | 29.4 (84.9) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.0 (87.8) | 30.3 (86.5) | 27.3 (81.1) | 23.6 (74.5) | 19.1 (66.4) | 24.5 (76.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 13.8 (56.8) | 13.8 (56.8) | 15.8 (60.4) | 19.9 (67.8) | 23.9 (75.0) | 26.7 (80.1) | 27.9 (82.2) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.1 (80.8) | 24.2 (75.6) | 20.5 (68.9) | 16.2 (61.2) | 21.5 (70.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.0 (53.6) | 12.0 (53.6) | 13.8 (56.8) | 17.7 (63.9) | 21.9 (71.4) | 24.8 (76.6) | 25.7 (78.3) | 25.6 (78.1) | 24.9 (76.8) | 22.2 (72.0) | 18.5 (65.3) | 14.3 (57.7) | 19.5 (67.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) | 5.0 (41.0) | 5.0 (41.0) | 7.1 (44.8) | 14.5 (58.1) | 17.7 (63.9) | 21.4 (70.5) | 21.1 (70.0) | 17.9 (64.2) | 14.1 (57.4) | 9.0 (48.2) | 4.7 (40.5) | 4.6 (40.3) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 33.6 (1.32) | 52.5 (2.07) | 85.8 (3.38) | 112.9 (4.44) | 139.3 (5.48) | 217.3 (8.56) | 143.1 (5.63) | 230.0 (9.06) | 123.4 (4.86) | 41.6 (1.64) | 40.4 (1.59) | 37.8 (1.49) | 1,257.7 (49.52) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.6 | 8.8 | 10.6 | 11.1 | 12.7 | 13.9 | 8.8 | 11.1 | 7.5 | 2.9 | 4.2 | 5.6 | 102.8 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 76 | 79 | 81 | 82 | 84 | 87 | 83 | 83 | 77 | 70 | 73 | 73 | 79 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 153.7 | 119.8 | 123.4 | 140.1 | 163.2 | 193.2 | 271.2 | 243.0 | 222.0 | 223.3 | 183.3 | 166.4 | 2,202.6 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 46 | 37 | 33 | 37 | 40 | 48 | 66 | 61 | 61 | 63 | 56 | 51 | 50 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[5][6]All-time August Record High[7] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[8] | |||||||||||||
Dongshan Port is one of the main ports in Fujian, open to foreign vessels since 2003 and very close to Taiwan and Hong Kong. The port has a large body of water, large hinterland, and a deep, sediment-free harbour. The harbour is big enough for twenty-two 10,000 tons berths. Currently,[when?] the port has two deep water harbours built to accommodate 3,000 tons berths. These facilities provide Dongshan Port an important commercial link between Xiamen and Shantou.[1]
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