Dongdan Kingdom 東丹
926–936
The area controlled by the Liao Dynasty. Dongdan is shaded in blue.
Capital	Huhan (926–928) Liaoyang (928–936)
Common languages	Khitan language,Goguryeo language
Religion	Buddhism,Taoism,Confucianism andShamanism
Government	Monarchy
History
• Established	926 926
• Annexed by theLiao dynasty	936 936
Preceded by Succeeded by Balhae Liao dynasty Jeongan
Today part of	China North Korea Russia

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TheDongdan Kingdom (926–936) (simplified Chinese:东丹;traditional Chinese:東丹;Khitan language:Dan Gur,^[1]) was apuppet kingdom established by theLiao dynasty to rule the former realm ofBalhae (Bohai) in easternManchuria.^[2]

After conquering Balhae (Bohai) in 926, the Liao crown princeYelü Bei ascended to the throne of Dongdan at theHuhan fortress, the former capital of Balhae, in today'sMudanjiang,Heilongjiang Province. The state used Dongdan as its Chinese name, meaning the Eastern Dan Gur (Bohai), in respect to theLiao dynasty in the west.^[3] The term Dongdan is only found in Chinese texts; the Khitan equivalent is "Dan country" (Dan Gur), similar to Silla's and Goryeo's use of the word "Dan" 丹 as a derogatory term for the states and people of Manchuria.^[4]

However, political tension soon evolved between Yelü Bei and his younger brotherYelü Deguang, who took the imperial throne of the Liao dynasty after their fatherYelü Abaoji died, en route to his homeland from a relatively successful campaign against theLater Tang. The new emperor ordered his elder brother to move his capital fromHuhan in eastern Manchuria toLiaoyang in western Manchuria.

Yelü Bei obeyed the imperial order but soon fled to North China to avoid possible assassination in 930. Yelü Bei's son was elevated to the new king of Dongdan, but the kingdom was annexed by the Liao dynasty in 936.^[5] The Balhae people created theJeongan kingdom soon after the dissolution of Dongdan to prevent a full occupation by the Liao Khitans.^[6] A minority of historians suggest Dongdan was annexed in 982. On the other hand some believe that Dongdan was never a "independent kingdom", but the former area of Balhae was instantly annexed in 926 by the Liao dynasty.^[7]

To continue Balhae's friendly relations withJapan, Dongdan sent a diplomatic mission over theSea of Japan in 929. But the Japanese court inKyoto rejected the mission from Dongdan, due to loyalty for the old Balhae regime.^[8]

• Emperors family tree
• Liao dynasty
• Northern Liao
• Qara Khitai

• Crossley, Pamela Kyle (2016)."Bohai/Parhae Identity and the Coherence of Dan gur under the Kitan/Liao Empire".International Journal of Korean History.21 (1):11–44.doi:10.22372/ijkh.2016.21.1.11.

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