| Mainland domains Domini de Teraferma (Venetian) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Domain of theRepublic of Venice | |||||||||||||||
 Turquoise color shows the extent of theTerraferma in 1509. | |||||||||||||||
| Historical era | Early modern period | ||||||||||||||
| 1404–1405 | |||||||||||||||
• Ludovico Trevisan surrenders thePatria del Friuli | 1445 | ||||||||||||||
• Battle of Maclodio | 11 October 1427 | ||||||||||||||
• Treaty of Lodi | 9 April 1454 | ||||||||||||||
• Treaty of Bagnolo | 7 August 1484 | ||||||||||||||
• War of the League of Cambrai | 1508–16 | ||||||||||||||
• Treaty of Campo Formio | 17 October 1797 | ||||||||||||||
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TheDomini di Terraferma (lit. 'mainland domains') orStato da Tera (lit. 'mainland state') was thehinterland territories of theRepublic of Venice beyond theAdriatic coast inNortheast Italy. They were one of the three subdivisions of the Republic's possessions, the other two being the originalDogado (Duchy) and theStato da Màr (maritime territories).
At its greatest extent, it included the present-day Italian regions ofVeneto, Western and CentralFriuli-Venezia Giulia and the eastern parts ofLombardy (i.e. the present-dayBergamo andBrescia provinces) up to theAdda River, where it bordered on the ImperialDuchy of Milan.
In the south the lowerPo River (Polesine) formed the border with thePapal States. TheTerraferma comprised the western and central parts of the historicFriuli region, except for the easternmost part along theIsonzo River, which was held by the Imperialcounts of Gorizia. In the north, theCarnic andJulian Alps marked the border with theInner Austrian duchies ofCarinthia andCarniola.
Venice had conquered theMestre mainland from theScaliger rulers atVerona in 1337 during theScaliger War, followed byTreviso andBassano del Grappa in 1339. The development of theTerraferma province actually began with the accession of DogeMichele Steno in 1400, who systematically campaigned in the Venetian hinterland in order to secure trade and sustenance for the citizens of Venice. His successorsTommaso Mocenigo andFrancesco Foscari enlarged the possessions to the disadvantage not only of the Scaligeri, but also of theCarraresi atPadua (LordFrancesco Novello da Carrara was executed in 1406) and theVisconti atMilan.
In 1420, Venice annexed the Friulian territories of the ImperialPatriarchate of Aquileia from the Adriatic coast up toPontebba in the Julian Alps.Emperor Sigismund had to acknowledge the acquisition in 1433; four years later he officially ceded the territory to Venice as anImperial fief. In 1523Emperor Charles V finally renounced all titles as feudal lord.
On thefall of the Republic and theTreaty of Campo Formio, theDomini spent a short while under French rule until Napoleon ceded it to Austria in 1797, and in 1805 the formerDomini were united with theNapoleonic Kingdom of Italy (1805–14), and in 1815 with what was left of Lombardy to make theKingdom of Lombardy–Venetia under the control of theAustrian Empire. It wasunited with theKingdom of Italy in 1866, as a result of theThird Italian War of Independence.
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