| District X (Mutant Town) | |
|---|---|
 District X, as depicted inNew X-Men #127. | |
| First appearance | New X-Men #127 (August, 2002)[1] |
| Created by | Grant Morrison John Paul Leon |
| In-universe information | |
| Type | Neighborhood |
| Race | Mutants |
| Locations | Alphabet City, Manhattan |
| Publisher | Marvel Comics |
District X, also known asMutant Town or theMiddle East Side, is a fictional location that appears inAmerican comic books published byMarvel Comics. It is described as a neighborhood based inNew York City primarily populated bymutants, first seen duringGrant Morrison's run on the seriesNew X-Men inNew X-Men #127. The neighborhood was established inAlphabet City,Manhattan[2] (also known as Loisaida), a neighborhood in theEast Village (located between Avenues A to D, and between Houston and 14th Streets).[3][4] This would fall withinNew York's 12th congressional district and theNew York City Council's2nd district. According to the front cover ofX-Factor #31, it had a population of 743, having been much reduced by theDecimation.
District X also refers to a comic book series about the neighborhood and its inhabitants. Written byDavid Hine, the series was a police procedural, starringBishop andIsmael Ortega, who investigated crimes committed by and against the ghetto's mutant residents. The series also explored Ortega's complicated personal relationships and gradual descent into drug abuse and adultery. It ran asDistrict X for 14 monthly issues beginning in May 2004, then asMutopia X as part of the crossoverHouse of M event for five monthly issues beginning in July 2005.
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The rise in Manhattan's mutant population, coupled with racism among normal humans, leads to mutants forming their own community on Manhattan's Lower East Side (described as the fictional 'Middle East Side' in Peter David'sX-Factor). Although humans live in this neighborhood, they form a minority.NYX establishes that District X is an official title for the region.
The neighborhood is depicted as poor, overcrowded and violent, with a high crime rate and warring mutant gangs. Most of the residents regard it as aghetto. It is described inDistrict X as having the "highest unemployment rate in the USA, the highest rate of illiteracy and the highest severe overcrowding outside of Los Angeles," even though New York City as a whole has seen a decrease in violent crime. It also has the highest crime rates in the country for narcotics, prostitution, and burglary. Many of the characters featured have mutations more akin to curses than gifts, further exacerbating the neighborhood's poverty and disadvantage. It also has a large underground population, inhabiting tunnels beneath the neighborhood and living in homeless squalor. Many residents are immigrants, such as Bosnian immigrant Dzemal. InX-Men Unlimited #2, Bishop notes that "there are mutants in District X from every nation on Earth. Every race, religion and culture." Margaret O'Connell, writing forSequential Tart, describes District X as "the mutant ghetto of theMarvel Universe version of New York City", and as "a slum where minor-league mutants from all over the globe – often more visibly handicapped or disfigured by their genetic abnormalities than the relatively glamorous and outwardly normal X-Men – have congregated in a disaffected and varyingly dysfunctional clump."[5]
Stories set in District X feature a range of mutant-owned businesses, clubs and restaurants, as well as a burgeoning mutant subculture. Bands such as 'Sentinel Bait' and 'Juggernauts' are mentioned as parts of this subculture, while mutant fashion designers likeJumbo Carnation and nightclubs such as Daniel's Inferno create a vibrant, mutant-oriented nightlife. In this respect, District X may be considered a Marvel Universe analogue toHarlem,the Meatpacking District, orLittle Italy, as a cultural center, 'ethnic' enclave and population hub for a disenfranchised minority.
Grant Morrison's creation of an analogy to an ethnic ghetto has been praised, with J. Caleb Mozzocco noting that "if the mutants were always being likened to oppressed ethnic groups and minorities, then why not treat them like a real ethnic group, complete with mutant language, styles, culture and a "Mutant Town" in New York City?"[6] David Brothers, writing for4thletter!, notes that:
Morrison turned mutants into a subculture, a logical extension of what happens when new elements are introduced into society. They were still oppressed, but they actually had some kind of culture to go along with their oppression. He gave them their own Chinatown, their own Little Italy, and made it a point to show that mutants, while not entirely accepted just yet, were more than just mutant paramilitary teams.[7]
During theHouse of M storyline, the district is transformed into a rich, exclusively mutant neighborhood namedMutopia X (during the same storyline,Hell's Kitchen is transformed into a human ghetto called Sapien Town). After this story, the residents suffer the 'Decimation', with most of them stripped of their mutant abilities. Many remaining mutants are moved to arelocation camp on the grounds of theXavier Institute.
Some former mutants remain in District X, with many — likeQuicksilver andRictor – suffering from depression and alienation. After the Decimation, the district becomes known as the (fictional) 'Middle East Side', losing many of its distinctive characteristics. The area becomes increasingly depopulated as former mutants seek to live normal lives. InX-Factor, anti-mutant riots grip the district after the Decimation, with agents of the human supremacist group Purity roaming the area inX-Men: The 198.
InPeter David'sX-Factor (vol.3), The former ghetto is the base of operations forX-Factor Investigations, who frequently deal with the aftermath of theDecimation and its effects on the local community. In theCivil War storyline, Jamie Madrox and his team declare 'Mutant Town' a sanctuary for superheroes being pursued by the government. This brings them into conflict with the regular X-Men team, who eventually allow them to have their way.
The former 'Mutant Town' is later besieged by X-Cell, a terrorist group composed of former mutants who blamed the United States government for the loss of their powers. After the events ofX-Men: Messiah Complex, the neighborhood is briefly taken over byArcade, working for an ex-Purifier, Taylor.
Mutant Town is completely destroyed inX-Factor #31, 'The Middle East Side is Burning', as a 'back-up' plan by Arcade following his defeat. A series of explosions incinerate much of the neighborhood, with Arcade's force fields preventing fire fighters from entering the area until the entire district is utterly annihilated. InX-Factor #32,Valerie Cooper announces that the ruins will be demolished and replaced with suburban housing, and that "in a few decades, no one will even know that this used to be called Mutant Town".
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| District X/Mutopia X | |
|---|---|
 Cover toDistrict X (vol. 1) collection, featuring Bishop and Ismael. Art bySteve McNiven. | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Marvel Comics |
| Schedule | Monthly |
| Format | Ongoing series |
| Genre | |
| Publication date | July 2004 – August 2005 |
| No. of issues | 19 |
| Main character(s) | Bishop Ismael Ortega Mister M The Porcupine |
| Creative team | |
| Written by | David Hine |
| Artist(s) | David Yardin Lan Medina |
| Inker | Alejandro "Boy" Sicat |
| Collected editions | |
| Mr M | ISBN 0-7851-1444-0 |
District X is a comic bookseries published byMarvel Comics. Thepolice procedural is set in 'Mutant Town'.
The series stars theX-Man andFBI agentLucas Bishop, assigned to the ghetto to investigate rising crime rates among the population in New York's (fictional) '11th Precinct' in Alphabet City. Bishop works withNYPD patrolmanIsmael Ortega, an ordinary human married to amutant (Armena Ortega). A major subplot concerned Ismael's relationship with his family, with the stresses of his job adversely affecting his home life.
The series was part of theMarvel Knights imprint. It started inX-Men Unlimited v2 #2 and then ran for fourteen issues from July 2004 to August 2005. It briefly changed title toMutopia X for five issues, between September 2005 and January 2006, before its cancellation.
The series was written by British writerDavid Hine, who previously worked on theMambo series for2000 AD.
It was originally drawn by Australian artist David Yardin, followed byFilipino artistLan Medina. The series was mostly inked by Filipino artist Alejandro "Boy" Sicat. All artists involved worked withBrian Haberlin's Avalon Studios during the series' publication.
During theHouse of M crossover, the series was replaced by the miniseriesMutopia X. Hine continued some of the series' plot points inX-Men: The 198 miniseries.
Officers Gus Kucharsky and Ismael Ortega are assigned to New York's 11th Precinct, commonly known as District X or 'Mutant Town'. While investigating allegations that Jake Costanza is holding his mutant wife against her will and abusing her, Kucharsky falls under Mrs. Costanza's mutant mental powers and kills them both, before attempting to take his own life. Gus survives and Ortega covers for him. Gus is forced to retire early and Izzy is assigned to serve as the liaison to federal agent, Lucas Bishop.
Violence erupts between rival crime lords "Shaky" Kaufman and "Filthy Frankie" Zapruder over a mutant, Toad Boy, and the addictive narcotic he produces (known as 'Toad Juice'). When Kaufman learns of the lucrative sales of 'Toad Juice' in District X, he raids Zapruder's facilities and kidnaps the Toad Boy for himself. However, it is unknown that Toad Juice can be fatal to normal humans; a theft of the drug leads to the death of over a dozen human teenagers.
After the death of a human patron at the nightclub Daniel's Inferno caused by exposure to Toad Juice, the police begin a desperate investigation before other unsuspecting addicts face the same fate. This prompts a turf war between Zapruder and Kaufman. Both men are eventually arrested.
WhenAbsolom Mercator finally decides to use his powers to try to help others, his efforts backfire and he suffers an intense identity crisis. Believing that he must use his powers to destroy Mutant Town, Mercator warns his friend, Hanna Levy so that she can escape safely. The police intervene and use Lara the Illusionist to show Mr. M the devastation he could unleash. This snaps the mutant back to his senses and he willingly returns to his peaceful life of quiet isolation after a short period in jail.
A series of brutal murders followed by a mysterious blackout leads to an investigation of the growing underground mutant community, called the Tunnel Rats. Calling themselves "Those Who Live in Darkness", the tunnelers claim responsibility for the blackout and state that they want the city to leave them alone. In recent months, police and social services have put pressure on the Tunnel Rats by destroying their homes and remanding their children into state custody.
Tensions with the Tunnel Rats come to a head just as Bishop and Officer Ortega manage to track down The Worm, a hideously mutated young man who is seeking revenge for being cast out by his parents. Bishop convinces many of the Tunnel Rats to rejoin surface society but a small band decides to dwell deeper in the tunnels under Mutant Town. Their journey is cut short by The Worm who massacres them all before being stopped by Bishop and Ortega, who kills him.
William "Billy" Bates discovers that he is a mutant, calling himself"The Porcupine", and becomes a frequent patron at the Café Des Artistes. He falls in love with the Café's waitress, Sylvie Lauziere. When a group of anti-mutant humans start harassing her, Billy steps in and inadvertently kills several humans with his emerging powers. He barricades himself in the Café with Sylvie, which the authorities perceive as a hostage situation. In order to hide the fact that a mutant slaughtered several members of Purity, an anti-mutant movement, Alexei Vazhin orders hitwoman Sashenka Popova to kill the boy, and pays hush money to the Lauzieres to cover up the truth of the incident.
TheScarlet Witch transforms the entire world into a mutant paradise ruled by her father Magneto. This shift in reality turns District X into "Mutopia X", the center of art and culture in the new mutant-dominated world. The denizens of District X find themselves in a newly elevated societal status. Lara the Illusionist is a movie star married to entertainment mogul, Daniel "Shaky" Kaufman. Absolon Mercator and Gregor Smerdyakov have founded the Center for Transformation and Illumination and are the center of a spiritual following as they help mutants achieve their genetic potential. Ishmael Ortega is tasked with protecting Mercator from assassination.
After theDecimation, Ishmael Ortega's daughter dies. He attempts suicide, before reuniting with his family.
District X's large ensemble cast included:
The district also possessed a large population of mutants whose mutations or personalities made them unsuitable for the flashier or more dangerous "super" life. These include:
The series, both written byDavid Hine, was collected into twotrade paperbacks:
Mutopia X was collected into the trade paperbackHouse of M: Mutopia X (ISBN 978-0785118114) and as part of the hardcover collectionHouse of M, Vol 4: No More Mutants (ISBN 978-0785138839).
Academic Martin Lund, in theJournal of Urban Cultural Studies, stated that while District X was introduced during Morrison's run as part of the mutant subculture, it wasn't his main focus. It did reappear in subsequent series such as writerJoe Quesada'sNYX (November 2003–October 2005) with artistsJoshua Middleton (#1–4) and Robert Teranishi (#5–7), however,NYX displayed continuity and geography errors such as District X appearing further south than "Morrison's Alphabet City and, strangely, given Quesada's above-quoted emphasis on 'keeping the real world real', the Lower East Side's Essex Street was placed within the boundaries of Alphabet City. Thus, although 'Mutant Town' did make a few appearances between its creation and District X, it was not until Hine, Yardin and Medina's series that the place became an area of sustained focus".[8] Lund highlighted the real world echoes and caricatures displayed in their portrayal of District X, such as the drug trade and homelessness, and that contemporary Alphabet City "was a contested space" – "the problem bubbling in the modern unconscious, that surfaces in District X, is that these urban Others simply will not go away".[8]
Ryan Bradley, forCBR in 2020, also highlighted the development of the mutant subculture in Hine, Yardin and Medina's series where "the mutants living in District X developed their own slang, music, and drugs" and that the neighborhood "was populated by the kind of mutants that weren't candidates to be X-Men: individuals whose mutations made them recognizably mutant, but didn't have powers to defend themselves. It was a sad reality, as they were attacked by anti-mutant humans often".[9] Bradley commented that during theDecimation storyline, District X initially was a "haven for mutants who were depowered but still had vestigial physical differences and those who retained their powers under the protection of Jamie Madrox's X-Factor Investigations", however, the neighborhood's destruction inX-Factor #32 "was a somber ending for a sad setting".[9] Ashley Fields, forScreen Rant in 2023, commented that District X was "unique" among the various attempts at creating a mutant area, such asGenosha,Utopia, andKrakoa, within Marvel Comics since the idea was "that it was separated, yet still stuck with the constraints of human society. [...] While the area was known as Mutant Town, it had every quality of mutants trying to live and grow in the middle of a world where they were still seen as freaks – though that didn't stop the place from existing. There were no major heroic figures to swoop in and save District X".[10] Fields highlighted that even the House of M inversion of the "neighborhood was still defined by its proximity to humans".[10]
In his review of issue #3, Paul O'Brien described the series as "one of the best things to come out of Reload".[11] In his review of 2004, O'Brien noted that "[District X has] not been a complete creative success, but at least it's been trying."[12] However, O'Brien was less favourable to later issues of the series; in his review ofDistrict X in 2005, he noted that "ultimately,District X feels like a case of potential never quite realised – and not just because it got cut off by a change in the direction of the line".[13]
Comic Book Galaxy noted, with reference to the Mr. M arc (issues #1–6), that "the potential for an excellent book is evident".[14] Comics Bulletin were highly favourable to the series, stating that "[i]t is a rare comic book that is able to breathe new life into a stale genre, and yet that is precisely what District X has managed to do...District X is more than just a traditional superhero comic, establishing itself as an entertaining blend of action, crime noir and social commentary".[15]
Writing forSequential Tart, Margaret O'Connell praised the series as an "absorbing, well-crafted tale which effectively combines both crime and science fictional elements", comparing the series toGeorge R. R. Martin'sWild Cards series,NYPD Blue, andDC Comics'Gotham Central.[citation needed]
Lund believed that the series did not ask readers "to inhabit the world of the dispossessed" but instead readers "are invited on aride-along, a voyeuristic tour of the slum that once was and might be again, unless the wheels of progress and urban renewal keep turning. Thus, District X condenses, mediates and puts a selection of urban problems on display – crime, drugs, homelessness, increased overcrowding and self-destructive desperation – and proceeds to show how official discipline provides their solution, telling readers that police intervention has the power to get rid of them".[8] Lund commented that the series "tells readers that force in favour of clearing out radical difference in the neighbourhood and making it into a space fit for 'normal' people is natural, rational and logical and in the best interest even of those who might be displaced by gentrification, disproportionately incarcerated in the name of 'law and order', or put at risk of their lives in dangerous shelters. And in doing so, rather than 'keeping the real world real', the series lines up with so many neighbourhood representations of the past century and presents for a new readership the middle-class gentrifier's myth of what Alphabet City could and should be".[8]
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