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Adisposable cup is a type oftableware anddisposable food packaging. Disposable cup types includepaper cups,plastic cups, and foam cups.[1][2] Expandedpolystyrene is used to manufacture foam cups,[3] andpolypropylene is used to manufacture plastic cups.[4]
As they are produced for single use, disposablecups and other similar disposable products constitute a major source of consumer andhousehold waste,[5] such aspaper waste andplastic waste. It has been estimated that the average household discards around 70 disposable cups every year.[5]
108 billion cups are consumed in the US per year,[6] and the UK uses an estimated 2.5 billion paper cups every year.[7]
The disposable cone-shaped paper cup was invented in 1908 by Lawrence Luellen, and in 1912 Luellen and Hugh Moore began marketing theHealth Kup, another paper disposable cup.[8] The Health Kup was designed to create a means for people to drink water from public water barrels without spreading germs, which occurred when people would use a common (shared) cup or a dipper to hold the water.[8] The Health Kup was later renamed toDixie Cup, and was named after a brand of dolls.[8] Luellen and Moore later developed a disposable paper ice cream cup, which included lids with images of sportspeople, movie stars and animals.[8]
Some companies, such as coffee retailers[9] and doughnut shops,[10] sell their products in disposable cups. A 2011 book estimated that a chain of doughnut shops used one billion disposable coffee cups in a year, enough to circle the Earth twice.[10] A 2012 article inOnEarth said thatStarbucks used over four billion disposable coffee cups in 2011.[11] TheCup Noodles brand of instant noodles uses expanded polystyrene foam cups to contain the product.[12] Hot or boiling water is added to the dried noodles in the container, which cooks the product in a few minutes.[12]Nissin Foods began marketing the product in foam cups in the early 1970s.[13]
The manufacturing of paper cups contributes towater pollution when chemicals such as chlorine,chlorine dioxide and reduced sulfides enter waterways.[2] The manufacturing offoam cups contributes toair pollution whenpentane is released into the air.[2] The plastic content inplastic-coated paper cups contributes to theplastic pollution problem, when cups are disposed aslitter.
Thecurbside recycling ofpolypropylene containers has gradually increased in somedeveloped countries, but is still rather limited.[4]
McDonald's switched from foam cups to paper cups in 2014,[6] and is moving to recycle paper cups in the UK, as of 2016, in partnership withSimply Cups andJames Cropper.[7]
Several coffee chains offer a discount if the customer brings along their own cup.[14]
At festivals such as the BavarianOktoberfest, costs due to theft or breakage are avoided without using disposables: The customer pays an upfront fee for a drinking glass or mug and receives arebate at its return.
Akulhar is a traditional handle-lessclay cup fromSouth Asia, which are being used as alternatives to plastic cups due to their biodegradable nature. they are typically unpainted and unglazed, and meant to be disposable. The most interesting feature ofkulhar is not being painted and that differentiates akulhar from a terra-cotta cup. Thekulhar cup is unglazed inside out.[15] Sincekulhars are made by firing in akiln and are almost never reused, they are inherently sterile and hygienic.[16] Bazaars and food stalls in theIndian subcontinent traditionally served hot beverages, such as tea, inkuhlars, which suffused the beverage with an "earthy aroma" that was often considered appealing.[17]Yoghurt, hot milk with sugar as well as some regional desserts, such askulfi (traditional ice-cream), are also served in kulhars.[18] Kulhars have gradually given way topolystyrene andcoated paper cups, because the latter are lighter to carry in bulk and cheaper.[19][20]
The simple clay kulhar, which is made in thousands as an inexpensive container for curd, sweets, tea or water, and after being used only once is thrown away, has the same form as those excavated at the Indus Valley or ...
For the fussy, on request, the beverage will usually be served in a hand- less, unglazed, disposable earthenware pot, the kulhar, straight from the kiln ...
For those romantic souls who've regretted the loss of that earthy aroma and its replacement by the smell of plastic and detergent, railway minister Laloo Prasad Yadav is bringing back the bygone era ... kilns that use not only cowdung but also coal and wood.
Kulfi (Indian Ice Cream) ... in India is traditionally served in Kulhars, unbaked terracotta ...
Contrary to common perception, the red kulhad takes nearly a decade to return to its natural form ... "The water in the clay disappears and the salts melt into a glassy state and bind together making the clay stronger," said D Chakravorty, ceramic engineer at CGCRI. It takes a while before this salt, exposed to vagaries of nature, decomposes ...
वेंडरों को यह महंगा सौदा पड़ा, क्योंकि कुल्हड़ पॉलिथीन के कप से महंगा पड़ रहा था। कुल्हड़ का वजन भी ज्यादा होता है। नतीजा यह हुआ कि फिर पॉलिथीन की कप में चाय बिकने लगी (Vendors found this an expensive deal because kulhars are more expensive thanplastic cups. Kulhars also weigh more. The result was that tea began selling again in plastic cups.
