Disentis/Mustér | |
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 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 Location of Disentis/Mustér | |
  Disentis/Mustér  Disentis/Mustér | |
| Coordinates:46°42′N8°52′E / 46.700°N 8.867°E /46.700; 8.867 | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Canton | Grisons |
| District | Surselva |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Francestg Cajacob (as of 01012013) |
| Area | |
• Total | 91.08 km2 (35.17 sq mi) |
| Elevation (Railway station) | 1,130 m (3,710 ft) |
| Population (December 2020) | |
• Total | 2,009 |
| • Density | 22.06/km2 (57.13/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 7180 |
| SFOS number | 3982 |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-GR |
| Surrounded by | Linthal (GL),Medel (Lucmagn),Silenen (UR),Sumvitg,Tujetsch |
| Website | disentis.ch |
Mustér ([muˈʃteː]ⓘ,Romansh) orDisentis (German), with its official nameDisentis/Mustér is a village and amunicipality in theSurselva Region in theSwisscanton ofGrisons.
The skiing and summer tourism resort high up in theRhine valley is the site of one of the oldestBenedictine monasteries in Switzerland. The monastery dates back to 720, its huge current complex dates from 1696 to 1712.
Disentis is first mentioned in 765 asDesertina. In 1127 it was mentioned asmonasterium Dissertinensis.[2] The name Disentis is supposed to come from Latin Desertina, used for the deserted valley in late antique times, while the Romansh name Mustér refers to the monastery.
Disentis Abbey, founded in ca. 720, was already in early medieval times the cultural and political center of the later Grisons. Situated on the road to the Lukmanier pass used by the German emperors on their way to Italy, Disentis became a place of international importance in the high Middle Ages and the prince abbot of Disentis was the lord of the Rhine valley. In the later Middle Ages, the farmer communities in the valleys became stronger and the influence of the monastery decreased, but the abbot of Disentis still played an important role in the founding of theGrey League in 1395.
When the Grey League became a formal ally of theSwiss Confederation in 1497, Disentis, at the foot of the Oberalp pass which was the nearest connection to the confederation, was again in a strategically important situation, but later on it was overtaken in importance by the largerIlanz.
Disentis/Mustér has an area, as of 2006[update], of 91.1 km2 (35.2 sq mi). Of this area, 21.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 22% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (54.3%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).[3]
Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Disentis sub-district of the Surselva district (which was, until the end of 2000, the Vorderrhein district). It is the largest of the seven municipalities that make up the Disentis sub-district and is the capital. It consists of the center village of Mustér-Vitg and the neighboring villages of Mompé-Tujetsch, Segnes, Acletta, Funs/Clavaniev, Disla, Cavardiras and Mompé-Medel. Except for the two Mompé villages, all the villages contain multiple scattered settlements. The settlement of Brulf near Disentis village was covered in a rockslide in 1689. Until 1963 Disentis/Mustér was known as Disentis/Mustèr.[4]
Disentis lies on the highest step of the Rhine valley, where the roads of theOberalp pass coming from central and western Switzerland and of theLukmanier pass coming from theTicino meet. It has astation where theline from Brig meets theline from Chur and is connected by train and road to theValais via the Oberalp pass and toChur following the Rhine valley. The Lukmanier pass road is in summer served by a post bus line.
Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaksRomansh (75.3%), with German being second most common (20.4%) and Portuguese third (1.4%).[3] The official language of the municipality is theSursilvan dialect of Romansh. While Swiss German and German are spoken by most people as second and third languages respectively, the local laws are only in Romansh.
Disentis is one of the most important centers of the Romansh language, especially of its Sursilvan dialect. It also plays an important role as cultural center through the high school of the monastery.
Tourism started around 1870 and today Disentis is a resort offering 150 kilometers (93 mi) of hiking trails in summer and 30 km (19 mi) of cross country tracks in winter. For alpine skiers there are 6ski lift up to 2833m.[5] There are 14 hotels and 21 restaurants, and together with neighbour municipality Sedrun, Disentis offers a total of 10,000 beds in hotels and holiday apartments.
TheBasilica of S. Gada,Disentis Abbey, theChapel of S. Luzi in Disla, theChapel of S. Maria in Acletta and thePunt Russein bridge (shared withSumvitg) are listed as Swissheritage sites of national significance.[6]
| Climate data for Disentis/Sedrun, elevation 1,800 m (5,900 ft), (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.6 (36.7) | 3.5 (38.3) | 7.6 (45.7) | 11.4 (52.5) | 15.7 (60.3) | 19.9 (67.8) | 21.7 (71.1) | 21.1 (70.0) | 16.8 (62.2) | 12.8 (55.0) | 6.8 (44.2) | 3.2 (37.8) | 11.9 (53.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.1 (30.0) | −0.8 (30.6) | 2.6 (36.7) | 6.3 (43.3) | 10.4 (50.7) | 14.0 (57.2) | 15.8 (60.4) | 15.5 (59.9) | 11.7 (53.1) | 8.0 (46.4) | 3.0 (37.4) | −0.2 (31.6) | 7.1 (44.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.1 (24.6) | −4.2 (24.4) | −1.3 (29.7) | 1.9 (35.4) | 5.8 (42.4) | 9.0 (48.2) | 11.0 (51.8) | 11.1 (52.0) | 7.7 (45.9) | 4.5 (40.1) | 0.1 (32.2) | −3.1 (26.4) | 3.2 (37.8) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 65.6 (2.58) | 48.5 (1.91) | 66.8 (2.63) | 82.7 (3.26) | 109.8 (4.32) | 112.4 (4.43) | 109.4 (4.31) | 132.9 (5.23) | 112.0 (4.41) | 106.0 (4.17) | 105.5 (4.15) | 73.9 (2.91) | 1,125.5 (44.31) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 81.1 (31.9) | 71.3 (28.1) | 54.6 (21.5) | 37.9 (14.9) | 9.0 (3.5) | 0.8 (0.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 1.0 (0.4) | 11.6 (4.6) | 51.0 (20.1) | 63.4 (25.0) | 381.7 (150.3) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 8.5 | 7.4 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 11.5 | 12.3 | 11.8 | 12.9 | 9.7 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 9.1 | 118.8 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 1.0 cm) | 10.2 | 9.6 | 8.2 | 5.4 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 6.9 | 9.1 | 52.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 69 | 68 | 67 | 65 | 68 | 70 | 71 | 74 | 75 | 73 | 75 | 72 | 71 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 85.8 | 96.1 | 137.3 | 141.4 | 148.9 | 172.9 | 197.2 | 183.4 | 154.9 | 117.7 | 74.6 | 71.9 | 1,582.1 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 49 | 48 | 47 | 43 | 39 | 45 | 51 | 52 | 50 | 49 | 42 | 44 | 47 |
| Source 1:NOAA[7] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2:MeteoSwiss (snow 1981–2010)[8][9] | |||||||||||||
Disentis/Mustér has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 2,009.[10] As of 2008[update], 8.9% of the population was made up of foreign nationals.[11] Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -4.7%.[3]
As of 2000[update], the gender distribution of the population was 51.1% male and 48.9% female.[12] The age distribution, as of 2000[update], in Disentis/Mustér is; 219 children or 10.1% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 343 teenagers or 15.8% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 207 people or 9.5% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 289 people or 13.3% are between 30 and 39, 316 people or 14.5% are between 40 and 49, and 272 people or 12.5% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 215 people or 9.9% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 169 people or 7.8% are between 70 and 79, there are 113 people or 5.2% who are between 80 and 89 there are 29 people or 1.3% who are between 90 and 99.[11]
In the2007 federal election the most popular party was theCVP which received 66.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were theSVP (17.4%), theSP (9.9%) and theFDP (5.3%).[3]
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Disentis/Mustér about 64.5% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatoryupper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or aFachhochschule).[3]
Disentis/Mustér has an unemployment rate of 0.79%. As of 2005[update], there were 107 people employed in theprimary economic sector and about 43 businesses involved in this sector. 341 people are employed in thesecondary sector and there are 29 businesses in this sector. 719 people are employed in thetertiary sector, with 102 businesses in this sector.[3]
The historical population is given in the following table:[2]
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1850 | 1,260 |
| 1900 | 1,359 |
| 1950 | 2,330 |
| 2000 | 2,172 |
| 2010 | 2,111 |
From the 2000 census[update], 1,954 or 90.0% areRoman Catholic, while 79 or 3.6% belonged to theSwiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there are 8 individuals (or about 0.37% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 5 individuals (or about 0.23% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There are 16 (or about 0.74% of the population) who areIslamic. There are 6 individuals (or about 0.28% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 42 (or about 1.93% of the population) belong to no church, areagnostic oratheist, and 67 individuals (or about 3.08% of the population) did not answer the question.[11]
The municipality has four railway stations:Disentis/Mustér,Acla da Fontauna,Segnas, andMumpé Tujetsch. The first of these is located at the junction of theReichenau-Tamins–Disentis/Mustér line and theFurka Oberalp line, while the latter three are located to the west on the Furka Oberalp line. Between them there is regular service toScuol-Tarasp,Zermatt,Andermatt, andSt. Moritz.
Media related toDisentis/Mustér at Wikimedia CommonsMunicipalities in theSurselva Region, Switzerland | ||
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