The film was based on screenwriter Bergstein's own childhood. She originally wrote a screenplay for theMichael Douglas 1980 filmIt's My Turn, but she ultimately ended up conceiving a story for a film which becameDirty Dancing. She finished the script in 1985, but management changes atMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer put the film indevelopment hell. The production company was changed toVestron Pictures with Emile Ardolino as director and Linda Gottlieb as producer. Filming took place inLake Lure, North Carolina, andMountain Lake, Virginia, with the film's score composed byJohn Morris and dance choreography byKenny Ortega.
In the summer of 1963, teenager Frances "Baby" Houseman is vacationing with her family—cardiologist father Jake, mother Marge, and older sister Lisa—at Kellerman's, an upscaleCatskills resort in theBorscht Belt owned by Jake's sarcastic best friend Max.
Exploring one night, Baby secretly observes Max instructing the waiters, allIvy League students, to romance the guests' daughters, no matter how unattractive. Max also demeans the working-class entertainment staff, including Johnny Castle, one of the dance instructors.
Baby is attracted to Johnny and dances briefly with him after his kindhearted cousin, Billy, introduces them at a secret "dirty dancing" party for resort staff. Max's grandson Neil flirts with Baby in the meantime.
Baby learns Johnny's dance partner Penny is pregnant by Robbie, a waiter and womanizer who attends theYale School of Medicine and has turned his eye to Lisa. When Robbie refuses to help Penny, Baby borrows money from her father, without explaining why, to pay for Penny to have an abortion.
At first, Penny declines to accept the money for the abortion, as it would cause her and Johnny to miss a performance at a nearby resort, costing them the season's salary, but Baby volunteers to stand in for Penny. During her dance sessions with Johnny, they develop a mutual attraction, and despite their failure to execute a climactic lift, Johnny and Baby's performance is successful.
Back at Kellerman's, Penny is badly injured by the shady abortion, so Baby enlists her father's help to stabilize Penny. Angered by Baby's deception, and assuming it was Johnny who got Penny pregnant, Dr. Houseman commands Baby to stay away from them.
Baby sneaks off to apologize to Johnny for her father's treatment, but Johnny feels he deserves it due to his lower status; Baby reassures him of his worth, declaring her love. They begin secretly seeing each other, and her father refuses to talk to her.
Johnny rejects an indecent proposal by Vivian Pressman, an adulterous wife, who instead sleeps with Robbie, inadvertently foiling Lisa's plan to lose her virginity to him. When Vivian spots Baby leaving Johnny's cabin, she feels spurned and attempts revenge on Johnny by claiming he stole her husband's wallet.
Max is ready to fire Johnny, but Baby backs up his alibi, revealing she was with him the night of the theft. The real thieves, Sydney and Sylvia Schumacher, are caught, but he is still fired for mixing with Baby.
Before leaving, Johnny tries to talk to Dr. Houseman but is accused of only trying to get at Baby. She later apologizes to her father for lying, but not for her romance with Johnny, and then accuses him of classism.
At the end-of-season talent show, Dr. Houseman gives Robbie a recommendation letter for medical school. However, when Robbie admits he got Penny pregnant, and then insults her and Baby, Dr. Houseman angrily grabs the letter back.
Johnny arrives and disrupts the final song by bringing Baby up on stage and declaring that she has made him a better person, and then they perform the dance they practiced all summer, ending with a successful climactic lift. Dr. Houseman admits he was wrong about Johnny and reconciles with Baby, and all the staff and guests join Baby and Johnny dancing to "(I've Had) The Time of My Life".
Dirty Dancing is based in large part on screenwriterEleanor Bergstein's own childhood: she is the younger daughter of a Jewish doctor fromNew York and had spent summers with her family in the Catskills where she participated in "Dirty Dancing" competitions; she was also nicknamed "Baby" herself as a girl.[9][10] In 1980, Bergstein wrote a screenplay for theMichael Douglas filmIt's My Turn; however, the producers cut an erotic dancing scene from the script, prompting her to conceive a new story that took inspiration from her youth dance competitions.[9] In 1984, she pitched the idea toMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) executive Eileen Miselle, who liked it and teamed Bergstein with producer Linda Gottlieb. They set the film in 1963, with the character of Baby based on Bergstein's own life and the character of Johnny based on the stories ofMichael Terrace, a dance instructor whom Bergstein met in the Catskills in 1985 while she was researching the story.[11] She finished the script in November 1985, but management changes at MGM put the script intoturnaround, or limbo.[12]
Bergstein gave the script to other studios but was repeatedly rejected until she brought it toVestron Pictures. While honing their pitch to Vestron, Gottlieb had agreed to cut the proposed budget in half. Bergstein and Gottlieb then choseEmile Ardolino as the film's director;[13] Ardolino had never directed a feature film, but was extremely passionate about the project after reading the script while he was on jury duty.[14] The team of Gottlieb, Bergstein, and Ardolino then presented their vision for the film to Vestron's president, Jon Peisinger, and the company's vice president for production, Mitchell Cannold. By the end of the meeting, Peisinger had greenlit the project to become Vestron's first feature film production. The approved film was budgeted at the relatively low amount of $5 million, at a time when the average cost for a film was $12 million.[15]
For choreographer, Bergstein choseKenny Ortega, who had been trained byGene Kelly.[16] For a location, they did not find anything suitable in the Catskills (as many of theBorscht Belt resorts had been shut down at that point), so they decided on a combination of two locations:Lake Lure, North Carolina, and theMountain Lake Hotel nearPembroke, Virginia, and with careful editing made it look like all shooting was done in the same area.[17]
Director Ardolino was adamant that they choose dancers, such as Swayze, who could also act,[18] as he did not want to use the "stand-in" method that had been used withFlashdance (1983).[19]
For the female lead of Frances "Baby" Houseman,Winona Ryder,Sarah Jessica Parker andSharon Stone were considered.[20][21] Bergstein chose the 26-year-oldJennifer Grey, daughter of the Oscar-winning actor and dancerJoel Grey (Cabaret (1972)). Grey was paid $50,000 (equivalent to $150,000 in 2025) for her role.[22] The producers then sought a male lead, initially considering 20-year-oldBilly Zane, though initial screen tests when he was partnered with Grey did not meet expectations.[23]Val Kilmer andBenicio del Toro were also considered for Johnny.[20] The next choice was 34-year-oldPatrick Swayze, who appeared inGrandview, U.S.A. (1984) and had co-starred with Grey onRed Dawn (1984). He was a seasoned dancer, with experience from theJoffrey Ballet.[24] The producers were thrilled with him, but his resume read "No dancing" after a knee injury. However, Swayze read the script, liked the multi-level character of Johnny, and took the part anyway. After this, Johnny's heritage was changed from being Italian to Irish. Grey was initially not happy about the choice, as she and Swayze had difficulty getting along onRed Dawn, but when they did their dancing screen test, the chemistry between them was obvious. Bergstein described it as "breathtaking".[25] Other casting choices wereBroadway actorJerry Orbach as Dr. Jake Houseman, Baby's father; andJane Brucker as Lisa Houseman, her older sister.
Bergstein, as the film's writer, also attempted to cast her friend,sex therapist Dr.Ruth Westheimer, to play Mrs. Schumacher (andJoel Grey as Dr. Ruth's husband).[26][27] However, Westheimer backed out when she learned the role involved her playing a thief.[28][29][27] The role went instead to 89-year-oldPaula Trueman.
Another role went to Bergstein's friend, New York radio personality"Cousin Brucie" Morrow. She initially wanted him to portray the social director, but then later asked him to play the part of the magician. Morrow himself could be heard at different parts of the movie as a New York area DJ (at the time of the film's setting he was working atWABC, a top 40 station), and served as period music consultant. The role of the social director went to the then-unknownWayne Knight (later ofSeinfeld and3rd Rock from the Sun fame).[30]
The part of Baby's mother was originally given toLynne Lipton, who is briefly visible in the beginning, when the Houseman family first pulls into Kellerman's (she is in the front seat for a few seconds; her blonde hair is the only indication), but she became ill during the first week of shooting and was replaced by actressKelly Bishop, who had already been cast to play resort guest Vivian Pressman. Bishop moved into the role of Mrs. Houseman, and the film's assistant choreographerMiranda Garrison took on the role of Vivian.[31][32] (When Baby is dancing in the final scene, the line that her mother says to Jerry Orbach, "She gets that from me ..." is a wink to the fact that Kelly Bishop was in the original cast ofA Chorus Line winning a1976 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her performance, using the name at that time of Carole Bishop, and had been a professional dancer.)
Mountain Lake Hotel, Virginia, the filming location of the Kellerman's Hotel
Principal photography forDirty Dancing took place inLake Lure, North Carolina, andMountain Lake, Virginia.[33] Scenes in Lake Lure were filmed at a former Boy Scout Camp called Camp Chimney Rock, which is now a private, residential community known as Firefly Cove[34] where only the stone steps where Baby practiced still exist.[35] These scenes included the interior dancing scenes, Baby carrying the watermelon and practicing on the signature stairs, Johnny's cabin,[36] the staff cabins and the dances on a log.[37] The final dance scene was filmed at the camp gymnasium, which no longer stands.[38] The golf scene where Baby asks her father for $250 was filmed at Rumbling Bald Golf Course.[35] Scenes filmed at Mountain Lake included dining scenes, Kellerman's Hotel, the beach games, the Houseman family's cabins, the water lift scene[39] and Penny crying in the kitchen.
Filming started forDirty Dancing on September 5, 1986,[36] and lasted just 43 days.[40] The production had to battle bad weather, including outside temperatures of 105 °F (41 °C).[41] With the camera and lighting equipment needed for filming, the temperature inside could be as high as 120 °F (49 °C).[41] According to choreographer Kenny Ortega, 10 people passed out within 25 minutes of shooting one day.[41] Paula Trueman collapsed and was taken to the local emergency room to be treated for dehydration.[41] Patrick Swayze also required a hospital visit; insisting on doing his own stunts, he repeatedly fell off the log during the "balancing" scene and injured his knee so badly he had to have fluid drained from the swelling.[41]
Delays in the shooting schedule pushed filming into the autumn, which required the set decorators to spray-paint the autumn leaves green.[41] The weather became cold, causing the lake's temperatures to drop to near 40 °F (4 °C) for the famous swimming scene, which was filmed in October.[42] Despite her character's enjoyment, Grey later described the water as "horrifically" cold, and she might not have gone into the lake, except that she was "young and hungry".[41]
Relations between the two main stars varied throughout production. They had already had trouble getting along in their previous project,Red Dawn (1984),[43] and worked things out enough to have an extremely positive screen test, but that initial cooperation soon faded, and they were soon "facing off" before every scene.[44] To address this, producer Bergstein and director Ardolino forced the stars to re-watch their initial screen-tests—the ones with the "breathtaking" chemistry.[44] This had the desired effect, and Swayze and Grey were able to return to the film with renewed energy and enthusiasm.[31]
Some of the scenes in the film are improvised. For example, the scene where Grey was to stand in front of Swayze with her back to him and put her arm up behind his head while he trailed his fingers down her arm. Grey was exhausted at the time and found the move ticklish, and could not stop giggling each time Swayze tried it, and he became annoyed.[45] The footage was found in the editing room and the producers decided the scene worked as it was and put it into the film, complete with Grey's giggling and Swayze's annoyed expression.[45] It became one of the most famous scenes in the movie, turning out, as choreographer Kenny Ortega put it, "as one of the most delicate and honest moments in the film."[25] Grey has stated that the final climactic lift was never rehearsed and only ever done on the day the scene was shot.[46]
During production, the film dailies kept getting held up by authorities at the Canadian border, who thought the film was a pornographic production due to the title, leading Bergstein to consider renaming it toI Was a Teenage Mambo Queen.[47]
The shootingwrapped on October 27, 1986, both on-time and on-budget. No one on the team, however, liked the rough cut that was put together, and Vestron executives were convinced the film was going to be a flop. In May 1987, the film was screened for producerAaron Russo. According to Vestron executive Mitchell Cannold, Russo's reaction at the end was to say simply, "Burn the negative, and collect the insurance."[48]
Further disputes arose over whether a corporate sponsor could be found to promote the film. Marketers of theClearasil acne product liked the film, seeing it as a vehicle to reach a teen target audience. However, when they learned the film contained an abortion scene, they asked for that part of the plot to be cut. As Bergstein refused, the Clearasil promotion was dropped. Consequently, Vestron promoted the film themselves and initially aimed for a July premiere[49] before setting the premiere on August 16, 1987. The Vestron executives had planned to release the film in theaters for a weekend, and then home video, since Vestron had been in the video distribution business before film production.[6]
Review aggregatorRotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 73% based on reviews from 80 critics. The site's critical consensus reads, "Like its winsome characters,Dirty Dancing uses impressive choreography and the power of song to surmount a series of formidable obstacles."[50]Metacritic, another review aggregator, assigned the film a weighted average score of 65 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.[51] Audiences polled byCinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.[52]
The New York Times described the film as "a metaphor for America in the summer of 1963— orderly, prosperous, bursting with good intentions, a sort of Yiddish-inflected Camelot."[53] Other reviews were more mixed:Gene Siskel gave the film a "marginal Thumbs Up" as he liked Jennifer Grey's acting and development of her character, whileRoger Ebert gave it "Thumbs Down" due to its "idiot plot",[54] calling it a "tired and relentlessly predictable story of love between kids from different backgrounds."[55]Time magazine was lukewarm, saying, "If the ending of Eleanor Bergstein's script is too neat and inspirational, the rough energy of the film's song and dance does carry one along, past the whispered doubts of better judgment."[56] In a retrospective review,Jezebel'sIrin Carmon called the film "the greatest movie of all time" as "a great, brave movie for women" with "some subtle, retrospectively sharp-eyed critiques of class and gender."[57]
Abortion rights advocates have called the film the "gold standard" for cinematic portrayals of abortion,[58] which author Yannis Tzioumakis described as offering a "compassionate depiction of abortion in which the woman seeking an abortion was not demonized with the primary concerns being her health and preserving her capacity to bear children at a future time rather than the ethical dilemma that might or might not inform her decision, a portrayal that is not necessarily available in current films."[59]
The film drew adult audiences instead of the expected teens, with viewers rating the film highly.[31] Many filmgoers, after seeing the film once, went back into the theater to watch it a second time.[31] Word-of-mouth promotion took the film to the number one position in the United States, and in 10 days it had broken the $10 million mark. By November, it was also achieving international fame. Within seven months of release, it had brought in $63 million in the US and boosted attendance in dance classes across America.[60] It was one of the highest-grossing films of 1987, earning $170 million worldwide.[61][62]
The film's popularity continued to grow after its initial release. It was the number one video rental of 1988[63] and became the first film to sell a million copies on video.[64] When the film was re-released in 1997, ten years after its original release, Swayze received his own star on theHollywood Walk of Fame,[13] and videos were still selling at the rate of over 40,000 per month.[13] As of 2005[update], it was selling a million DVDs per year,[65] with over ten million copies sold as of 2007[update].[66]
The film's music has also had considerable impact. The closing song, "(I've Had) The Time of My Life", has been listed as the "third most popular song played at funerals" in the UK.[7]
In October 2021, amid a dispute over abortion inTexas, magazineThe Hollywood Reporter recommended the film as one to revisit on abortion in the cinema industry. Angie Han, writing for the magazine, highlightedEleanor Bergstein's writing of the film.[70]
Rehearsals for the dancing, and some filming, used music from Bergstein's personal collection of gramophone records. When it came time to select actual music for the film, Vestron choseJimmy Ienner as music supervisor. Ienner, who had previously produced albums and songs forJohn Lennon andThree Dog Night, opted to stick with much of the music that had already been used during filming and obtained licenses for the songs from Bergstein's collection. He also enlisted Swayze to sing the new song "She's Like the Wind". Swayze had written the song a few years earlier withStacy Widelitz, originally intending for it to be used in the filmGrandview, U.S.A. (1984).[79]
The film's soundtrack started an oldies music revival,[83] and demand for the album caughtRCA Records by surprise. TheDirty Dancing album spent 18 weeks at number one on theBillboard 200 album sales charts and went platinum 14 times, selling more than 32 million copies worldwide.[84][85][86] It spawned a follow-up multi-platinum album in February 1988, entitledMore Dirty Dancing.[87]
Songs from the album that appeared on the charts included:[81]
"Yes," performed byMerry Clayton, composed by Neal Cavanaugh, Terry Fryer, and Tom Graf; this song peaked No. 45 in 1988.
TheDirty Dancing album held the number one spot on theBillboard album chart for over four months. As of July 2022, theDirty Dancing album has sold over 14 million copies.[86] Additionally, the resurgence in popularity of the oldies contained in the movie led to a re-release ofThe Contours' single "Do You Love Me." "Do You Love Me" was featured in the movie but was omitted from the original soundtrack; it was included onMore Dirty Dancing. Upon being re-released, "Do You Love Me" became a surprise hit all over again, this time peaking at No. 11 (it originally hit No. 3 back in 1962).[89]
The iconic scene where Johnny confronts Jake with the line "Nobody puts Baby in a corner."[90]Memorial stone for Patrick Swayze dedicated in 2009, at Mountain Lake Hotel
In Sweden, feminist art group Sisters of Jam put the text "Nobody puts Baby in a corner" (in English) in white neon light atUmeå Bus Square (2008) and atKarlstad University (2012).[91]
The resort whereDirty Dancing was filmed has had themed weekend activities, such as dance lessons, guided tours, film screenings, parties, and lawn games.[92] Lionsgate, however, stopped the Dirty Dancing festival in 2023, so a Lake Lure Dance Festival is held instead, though festival organizers say they still remember the movie. The wood floor from the final dance scene was salvaged and used in Esmeralda Inn and Restaurant.[35]
The film is screened annually for incoming first-years atMount Holyoke College, specifically for the line "Baby's starting Mount Holyoke in the fall."[93]
In 2024, the film was selected for preservation in the United StatesNational Film Registry by theLibrary of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."[94]
In 2025, the film became the 500th title to be logged one million times onLetterboxd.[95]
In October 1988,CBS launched a weekly television seriesof the same name, however with no involvement of the original cast or crew. StarringMelora Hardin as Baby andPatrick Cassidy as Johnny, it was canceled after ten episodes.
In 2004, aprequel film was released, entitledHavana Nights. StarringRomola Garai andDiego Luna, the plot follows a sheltered American teenager learning about life through dance, when her family relocates to Havana, Cuba just before the1959 Cuban Revolution. Swayze was paid $5 million to appear in a cameo role as a dance teacher. The film was a minor box office success but received mostly negative reviews from critics.
Dirty Dancing: The Classic Story on Stage musical at the West End'sAldwych Theatre, May 2007
The film was adapted for the stage in 2004 as a musical,Dirty Dancing: The Classic Story on Stage. Produced by Jacobsen Entertainment in Australia for $6.5 million, it was written by Eleanor Bergstein and had the same songs as the film, plus a few extra scenes. Musical direction was byChong Lim (one of the composers for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney), and the initial production starredKym Valentine as Baby and Sydney Dance Company'sJosef Brown as Johnny. Although reviews were mixed,[69] the production was a commercial success, selling over 200,000 tickets during its six-month run.[62] It has also had sellout runs in Germany and in London'sWest End, where it opened at theAldwych Theatre on October 23, 2006, with the highest pre-sell in London history, earning £6 million (US$12 million).[6][7][69] As of March 2011[update], over 1 million people have seen the musical in London, selling out 6 months in advance.[98] The original West End production closed in July 2011 after a five-year run, prior to a two-year national tour.[99] The show returned to the West End at thePiccadilly Theatre and ran from July 13, 2013, to February 22, 2014, before resuming its tour of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.[100] Another West End revival played at theDominion Theatre from February 2 to April 16, 2022, then again between January 21 to April 29, 2023.[101]
A New York production was in the planning stage in 2006,[69] with the show first starting in other North American cities. It broke box office records in May 2007 for its first such venue, selling $2 million on the first day of ticket sales in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The production opened on November 15, 2007, at the Royal Alexandra Theatre, with an all-Canadian cast, except for Monica West (Baby Houseman), Britta Lazenga (Penny Johnson), and Al Sapienza (Jake Houseman). After Toronto, the musical opened in Chicago in previews on September 28, 2008, and officially on October 19, 2008, running through January 17, 2009,[102] followed by Boston (February 7 – March 15, 2009) and Los Angeles.[103][104][105]
An official American tour began in September 2014 at theNational Theatre in Washington, DC with dates scheduled in 31 cities. Previews started August 26 and the official opening night was on September 2.[106] The original tour's cast included Jillian Mueller as Frances "Baby" Houseman, Samuel Pergande as Johnny Castle, Jenny Winton as Penny Johnson, Mark Elliot Wilson as Dr. Jake Houseman, Emily Rice as Lisa Houseman, Gary Lynch as Max Kellerman, Jesse Liebman as Neil Kellerman, Caralyn Kozlowski as Marjorie Houseman, Sam Edgerly as Robbie Gould, Jerome Harmann-Hardeman as Tito Suarez, Doug Carpenter as Billy Kostecki, Amanda Brantley as Vivian Pressman, Jon Drake as Moe Pressman, and Herman Petras as Mr. Schumacher.[107]
For the 20th anniversary in 2007, the film was re-released in theaters with additional footage, while the original film was reissued on DVD withdeleted scenes, and included writer commentary.[109] At the same time, Codemasters releasedDirty Dancing: The Video Game.[110] In the United Kingdom, the anniversary was marked by areality TV show based on the film; titledDirty Dancing: The Time of Your Life, which was filmed at the Mountain Lake resort.
In the UK, to mark the 20th anniversary,Channel Five broadcast a special documentary calledSeriously Dirty Dancing. Presented byDawn Porter, an investigative journalist and a self-confessedDirty Dancing addict, it was very successful, being Channel Five's highest rated documentary of 2007. Porter visited the film set, met other fanatics, and learned the last dance, which she performs at the end in front of family and friends.[111]
In August 2011, Lionsgate announced their plan to produce a remake, and confirmed that the original film's choreographer,Kenny Ortega, was attached to direct. "We believe that the timing couldn't be better to modernize this story on the big screen, and we are proud to have Kenny Ortega at the helm",Joe Drake, president of Lionsgate's Motion Picture Group, explained about the project. A miniseries version ofDirty Dancing had been scheduled to be shot in Western North Carolina.[112] As of July 29, 2015[update], the miniseries has been put on hold.[113]
Plans for aDirty Dancing sequel were first discussed by Vestron in 1988.[120] In 2020, a sequel was announced with Grey attached to reprise her role as Baby. As part of their presentation during CinemaCon 2022, current rights ownerLionsgate announced the film had the tentative title ofDD and reaffirmed that Grey would still reprise her role as Baby.[121] On May 9, 2022, it was announced that the film was eyeing a February 2024 release date, withJonathan Levine announced to direct.[122] In July 2023, as a result of the2023 SAG-AFTRA strike and with the film not having started filming, Lionsgate pushed the film's release date to an unspecified date in the summer of 2025.[123]The Hollywood Reporter said filming would begin in 2026, thatNina Jacobson andBrad Simpson will produce, and Kim Rosenstock will write the script.[124]
The Movies That Made Us, a docuseries released by Netflix, launched their show with a pilot episode focused onDirty Dancing. The first episode of the first season documents the journey and challenges of getting the film onto the screen. Many behind-the-scenes facts are also included.
^Tabashnik, Sue (July 14, 2010). "The "Real" Catskills People".The Fans' Love Story: How the Movie 'Dirty Dancing' Captured the Hearts of Millions!. Outskirts Press, Inc.
^abBass, Erin Z. (August 14, 2013)."Dirty Dancing on Lake Lure".Deep South Magazine.Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. RetrievedFebruary 27, 2019.
^Johnny pulls Baby out of her chair, saying, "Nobody puts Baby in a corner", to Jake. He and Baby take the stage, where Johnny announces, "Sorry about the disruption, folks, but I always do the last dance of the season. This year somebody told me not to. So I'm gonna do my kind of dancin' with a great partner, who's not only a terrific dancer, but somebody who taught me that there are people willing to stand up for other people no matter what it costs them. Somebody who taught me about the kind of person I want to be: Miss Frances Houseman."
^Sams, Christine (May 7, 2007)."Dirty moves directed at US".The Sydney Morning Herald.Archived from the original on June 5, 2007. RetrievedMay 26, 2007.