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Dinar

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromDinars)
Monetary currency unit of some countries
For other uses, seeDinar (disambiguation).
Nations in dark green currently use a currency known as the dinar. Nations in light green previously used a dinar. States offormer Yugoslavia appear in the inset to the lower left.

Thedinar (/dɪˈnɑːr/,/ˈdnɑː(r)/) is the name of the principalcurrency unit in several countries near theMediterranean Sea, with a more widespread historical use. The English word "dinar" is the transliteration of theArabicدينار (dīnār), which was borrowed via theSyriacdīnarā from theLatindēnārius.[1][2]

Themodern gold dinar is a projectedbulliongold coin, and as of 2019[update] is not issued as an official currency by any state.

History

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Silver dinar from the reign of Serbian kingStefan Uroš I (1243–1255).

The modern dinar's historical antecedents are theEastern Roman silver denarius (greek δηνάριο - "dinario"), andgold dinar and thesilver dirham, the main coin of the medievalIslamic empires, first issued inAH 77 (696–697 AD) (Late Antiquity) byCaliphAbd al-Malik ibn Marwan. The word "dinar" derives from the Latin word "dēnārius," a silver coin ofancient Rome, which was first minted about c. 211 BC.

TheKushan Empire introduced a gold coin known as thedīnāra in India in the 1st century AD; theGupta Empire and its successors up to the 6th century adopted the coin.[3][4]

The 8th-century English kingOffa of Mercia mintedimitations ofAbbasid dinars struck in 774 by Caliphal-Mansur with "Offa Rex" centred on the reverse.[5][6] Themoneyer likely had no understanding ofArabic as the Arabic text contains many errors. Such coins may have been produced for trade withIslamic Spain. These coins are called aMancus, which is also derived from theArabic language.[7]

Legal tender

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Countries with current usage

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Countries currently using a currency called "dinar" or similar:

Umayyad Caliphate golden dinar.
CountriesCurrencyISO 4217 code
AlgeriaAlgerian dinarDZD
BahrainBahraini dinarBHD
IraqIraqi dinarIQD
JordanJordanian dinarJOD
KuwaitKuwaiti dinarKWD
LibyaLibyan dinarLYD
North MacedoniaMacedonian denarMKD
MKN (1992−1993)
SerbiaSerbian dinarRSD
CSD (2003–2006)
TunisiaTunisian dinarTND

As a subunit

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Countries with former usage

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Countries and regions which have previously used a currency called "dinar" in the 20th century:

CountriesCurrencyISO 4217 codeUsedReplaced by
Abu DhabiBahraini dinarBHD1966–1973United Arab Emirates Dirham
Republic of Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina dinarBAD1992–1998Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark
CornwallCornish Dynar900 – 960GBP
CroatiaCroatian dinarHRD1991–1994Croatian kuna
IranIranian rial was divided into at first 1250 and then 100 dinars
South YemenYemeni dinarYDD1965–1990Yemeni rial
Yemen1990–1996
SudanSudanese dinarSDD1992–2007Sudanese pound
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
SFR Yugoslavia
FR Yugoslavia
Yugoslav dinarYUF (1945–1965)
YUD (1965–1989)
YUN (1990–1992)
YUR (1992–1993)
YUO (1993)
YUG (1994)
YUM (1994–2003)
1918–2003Serbian dinar

See also

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References

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  1. ^Oxford English Dictionary, Second edition, 1989,s.v. "dinar"; online version November 2010
  2. ^Versteegh, C. H. M.; Versteegh, Kees (2001).The Arabic Language. Edinburgh University Press. p. 60.ISBN 978-0-7486-1436-3.
  3. ^Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2009).Gold Coins of the World: From Ancient Times to the Present. Coin & Currency Institute. p. 457.ISBN 978-0-87184-308-1.
  4. ^Mookerji, Radhakumud (2007).The Gupta Empire. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 30–31.ISBN 978-81-208-0440-1.
  5. ^"Coin | British Museum".
  6. ^Medieval European CoinageArchived 2023-08-12 at theWayback Machine by Philip Grierson, p. 330.
  7. ^"THE GOLD "MANCUS" - jstor".JSTOR 42680243.

External links

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