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Mediterranean seas

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(Redirected fromDilution basin)

Mostly enclosed sea with limited exchange with outer oceans

This article is about the term. For the namesake sea, seeMediterranean Sea.

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Inoceanography, amediterranean sea (/ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/MED-ih-tə-RAY-nee-ən) is a mostly enclosedsea that has limited exchange of water with outeroceans and whose water circulation is dominated bysalinity and temperature differences rather than by winds or tides.^[1]^[2] The eponymousMediterranean Sea, for example, is almost completely enclosed byAfrica,Asia, andEurope.

List of mediterranean seas by ocean

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List of mediterranean seas by type

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There are two types of mediterranean sea.

Concentration basin

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Aconcentration basin has a higher salinity than the outer ocean due to evaporation, and its water exchange consists of inflow of the fresher oceanic water in the upper layer and outflow of the saltier mediterranean water in the lower layer of the connectingchannel.

TheEurafrican Mediterranean Sea (a concentration basin as a whole, but the Adriatic Sea and the Black Sea are dilution basins (see below) owing to thePo River, and theDanube,Dnieper, andDon rivers respectively)
ThePersian Gulf
TheRed Sea^[6]

Dilution basin

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Adilution basin has a lower salinity due to freshwater gains such as rainfall and rivers, and its water exchange consists of outflow of the fresher mediterranean water in the upper layer and inflow of the saltier oceanic water in the lower layer of the channel. Renewal of deep water may not be sufficient to supplyoxygen to the bottom.

TheAdriatic Sea
TheAmerican Mediterranean Sea
TheArctic Ocean (a.k.a. theArctic Mediterranean Sea)
TheAustralasian Mediterranean Sea
Baffin Bay
TheBaltic Sea
TheBlack Sea

Exceptions

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Hudson Bay is so shallow it functions like a hugeestuary.^[7]
Having shallow channels and deep basins, theSea of Japan could form a mediterranean sea, but the strong currents from the Pacific prevent it from having an independent water circulation.

References

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^^a ^b ^cKämpf, Jochen (2010)."5.5.2: Mediterranean Seas".Advanced Ocean Modelling: Using Open-Source Software.Heidelberg:Springer Science & Business Media. p. 138.ISBN 9783642106101. Retrieved2017-09-05.Mediterranean seas of the Indian Ocean are the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, and the Australasian Mediterranean Sea, including the Banda, Java, Sulawesi, and Sulu seas, being connected with the Pacific Ocean.
^Tomczak, M.; Godfrey, J. Stuart (2003)."Chapter 7: Arctic oceanography; the path of North Atlantic Deep Water"(PDF).Regional oceanography: an introduction (2nd ed.).Delhi: Daya.ISBN 8170353068.OCLC 52613155. Retrieved23 May 2019.
^General oceanography : an introduction (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley. 1980. p. 501.ISBN 0471021024.OCLC 6200221.
^The Oceans Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology. pp. 15, 35 and 637–643.
^Tang, Charles C. L; Ross, Charles K.; Yao, Tom; Petrie, Brian; DeTracey, Brendan M.; Dunlap, Ewa (2004-12-01). "The circulation, water masses and sea-ice of Baffin Bay".Progress in Oceanography.63 (4):183–228.Bibcode:2004PrOce..63..183T.doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2004.09.005.ISSN 0079-6611. "Baffin Bay is a mediterranean sea connected through restrictive straits to the Arctic Ocean and the Labrador Sea/Atlantic Ocean"
^Sofianos, Sarantis S.; Johns, William E. (2007)."Observations of the summer Red Sea circulation".Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans.112 (C6).Bibcode:2007JGRC..112.6025S.doi:10.1029/2006jc003886.ISSN 0148-0227.
^"Hudson Bay Estuaries".pew.org. Retrieved2019-05-23.

v t e Earth'soceans andseas
Antarctic/Southern Ocean	Amundsen Sea Bellingshausen Sea Cooperation Sea Cosmonauts Sea Davis Sea D'Urville Sea King Haakon VII Sea Lazarev Sea Mawson Sea Riiser-Larsen Sea Ross Sea Scotia Sea Somov Sea Weddell Sea
Arctic Ocean	Amundsen Gulf Barents Sea Beaufort Sea Chukchi Sea East Siberian Sea Greenland Sea Gulf of Boothia Kara Sea Laptev Sea Lincoln Sea Pechora Sea Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea Queen Victoria Sea Wandel Sea White Sea
Atlantic Ocean	Adriatic Sea Aegean Sea Alboran Sea American Mediterranean Sea Archipelago Sea Argentine Sea Baffin Bay Balearic Sea Baltic Sea Bay of Biscay Bay of Bothnia Bay of Campeche Bay of Fundy Black Sea Bothnian Sea Caribbean Sea Celtic Sea English Channel Foxe Basin Greenland Sea Gulf of Bothnia Gulf of Finland Gulf of Guinea Gulf of Lion Gulf of Maine Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Sidra Gulf of St. Lawrence Gulf of Venezuela Hudson Bay Ionian Sea Irish Sea Irminger Sea James Bay Labrador Sea Levantine Sea Libyan Sea Ligurian Sea Mediterranean Sea Myrtoan Sea North Sea Norwegian Sea Sargasso Sea Sea of Åland Sea of Azov Sea of Crete Sea of the Hebrides Sea of Marmara Thracian Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Wadden Sea
Indian Ocean	Andaman Sea Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal Flores Sea Great Australian Bight Gulf of Aden Gulf of Aqaba Gulf of Khambhat Gulf of Kutch Gulf of Oman Gulf of Suez Laccadive Sea Mozambique Channel Persian Gulf Red Sea Timor Sea
Pacific Ocean	Arafura Sea Bali Sea Banda Sea Bering Sea Bismarck Sea Bohai Sea Bohol Sea Camotes Sea Celebes Sea Chilean Sea Coral Sea East China Sea Gulf of Alaska Gulf of Anadyr Gulf of California Gulf of Carpentaria Gulf of Fonseca Gulf of Panama Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Tonkin Halmahera Sea Java Sea Koro Sea Mar de Grau Molucca Sea Moro Gulf Philippine Sea Salish Sea Savu Sea Sea of Japan Sea of Okhotsk Seram Sea Seto Inland Sea Shantar Sea Sibuyan Sea Solomon Sea South China Sea Sulu Sea Tasman Sea Visayan Sea West Philippine Sea Yellow Sea
Endorheic basins	Aral Sea Caspian Sea Dead Sea Salton Sea
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