Diisononyl phthalate[1] |
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| Names |
|---|
Preferred IUPAC name1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-C8-10 branched alkyl esters, C9 rich |
| Other names 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-diisononyl ester |
| Identifiers |
|---|
| |
| |
| Abbreviations | DINP |
| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.044.602 |
| |
| UNII | |
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InChI=1S/C26H42O4/c1-21(2)15-9-5-7-13-19-29-25(27)23-17-11-12-18-24(23)26(28)30-20-14-8-6-10-16-22(3)4/h11-12,17-18,21-22H,5-10,13-16,19-20H2,1-4H3  YKey: HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N YInChI=1/C26H42O4/c1-21(2)15-9-5-7-13-19-29-25(27)23-17-11-12-18-24(23)26(28)30-20-14-8-6-10-16-22(3)4/h11-12,17-18,21-22H,5-10,13-16,19-20H2,1-4H3 Key: HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYAX
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| Properties |
|---|
| C26H42O4 |
| Molar mass | 418.618 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Oily viscous liquid |
| Density | 0.98 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | −43 °C (−45 °F; 230 K) |
| Boiling point | 244 to 252 °C (471 to 486 °F; 517 to 525 K) at 0.7 kPa |
| <0.01 g/mL at 20 °C |
| Viscosity | 64 to 265 mPa·s |
| Hazards |
|---|
| Flash point | 221 °C (430 °F; 494 K) (c.c.) |
| 380 °C (716 °F; 653 K) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). |
Chemical compound
Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is aphthalate used as aplasticizer. DINP is typically a mixture of chemical compounds consisting of variousisononylesters ofphthalic acid۔
It is commonly used in a large variety ofplastic products including:
- Plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC)[2]
- Construction and building material
- Fuel and automotive products
- In electronics materials (as a flexible vinyl additive)[3]
- As cable insulation additive
- Adhesives and sealants
- Paints and coatings
- Rubber products.
The European Union has set a maximum specific migration limit (SML) fromfood contact materials of 9 mg/kg food for the sum of diisononyl phthalates anddiisodecyl phthalates.[4]
DINP is listed as a substance "known to the State of California to cause cancer" underProposition 65 legislation.[5]
Studies find that exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of DINP inzebrafish disrupt theendocannabinoid system (ECS) and affectreproduction in a gender specific manner,[6] and have other adverse effects onaquatic organisms, as DINP upregulatesorexigenic signals and causeshepatosteatosis together with deregulation of theperipheral ECS andlipid metabolism.[7]
TheECHA's Risk Assessment Committee (RAC) has concluded, on March 7, 2018, that Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) does not warrant classification forreprotoxic effects under the EU'sClassification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) regulations.[8]
Children and childcare products are strictly regulated by regulatory organizations.[3]
- ^Diisononyl phthalate at Inchem.org
- ^"Risk Evaluation for Diisononyl phthalate (1,2-Benzene- dicarboxylic acid, 1,2- diisononyl ester) (DINP)".United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2020-10-29. Retrieved2025-05-13.
- ^ab"Diisononyl Phthalate Alternatives For A Safer Environment". 2025-04-17. Retrieved2025-05-13.
- ^"EU legislative list for food contact materials".
- ^"State of California, Chemicals known to the state to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity, January 3, 2014"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2014-01-10.
- ^Forner-Piquer, Isabel; Santangeli, Stefania; Maradonna, Francesca; Rabbito, Alessandro; Piscitelli, Fabiana; Habibi, Hamid R.; Di Marzo, Vincenzo; Carnevali, Oliana (2018-10-01). "Disruption of the gonadal endocannabinoid system in zebrafish exposed to diisononyl phthalate".Environmental Pollution.241:1–8.doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.007.ISSN 0269-7491.PMID 29793103.S2CID 44120848.
- ^Forner-Piquer, Isabel; Maradonna, Francesca; Gioacchini, Giorgia; Santangeli, Stefania; Allarà, Marco; Piscitelli, Fabiana; Habibi, Hamid R; Di Marzo, Vincenzo; Carnevali, Oliana (2017-08-14)."Dose-Specific Effects of Di-Isononyl Phthalate on the Endocannabinoid System and on Liver of Female Zebrafish".Endocrinology.158 (10):3462–3476.doi:10.1210/en.2017-00458.ISSN 0013-7227.PMID 28938452.
- ^"Evaluation of new scientific evidence concerning DINP and DIDP".European Chemicals Agency.Archived from the original on 2022-09-01. Retrieved2020-01-26.
