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Digaro languages

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Language family of Tibet and northeast India
Digarish
Northern Mishmic
Geographic
distribution
Arunachal Pradesh
Linguistic classificationpossiblySino-Tibetan or an independent family
Subdivisions
Language codes
Glottologmish1241

TheDigaro (Digarish),Northern Mishmi (Mishmic), orKera'a–Tawrã[1] languages are a possible small family of possiblySino-Tibetan languages spoken by theMishmi people of southeasternTibet andArunachal Pradesh.

The languages areIdu andTaraon (Digaro, Darang). Lexical similarities are restricted to certain semantic fields, so a relationship between them is doubtful.[2]

External relationships

[edit]

They are not related to the Southern MishmiMidzu languages, apart from possibly being Sino-Tibetan. However, Blench and Post (2011) suggests that they may not even be Sino-Tibetan, but rather an independent language family of their own.

Blench (2014) classifies the Digaro languages as part of theGreater Siangic group of languages.

Names

[edit]

Autonyms and exonyms for Digaro-speaking peoples, as well asMiju (Kaman), are given below (Jiang, et al. 2013:2-3).

Names of Mishmi peoples
Taraon nameKaman nameIdu nameAssamese name
Taraon peopleda31 raŋ53tɕi31 moŋ35tɑ31 rɑŋ35Digaru;
Digaru Mishmi
Kaman peopletɕɑu53kɯ31 mɑn35mi31 tɕu55Midzu
Idu peopledju55;
dju55 ta31 rɑŋ53;
dɑi53
min31 dɑu55;
hu53
i53 du55Chulikata Mishmi
Zha people 扎人tɕɑ31 kʰen55tɕɑ31 kreŋ35
Tibetan peoplelɑ31 mɑ55;
mei53 bom55
dɯ31 luŋ35;
hɑi35 hɯl55
ɑ31 mi53;
pu53;
mi31 si55 pu53

Registers

[edit]

Idu,Tawra,Kman, andMeyor all share a system of multiple language registers, which are (Blench 2016):[3]

  1. ordinary speech
  2. speech of hunters: lexical substitution, the replacement of animal names and others by special lexical forms, and sometimes short poems
  3. speech of priests/shamans: more complex, involving much language which is difficult to understand, and also lengthy descriptions of sacrificial animals
  4. poetic/lyrical register (not inIdu, but appears inKman)
  5. mediation register (only inIdu?)
  6. babytalk register

References

[edit]
  1. ^DeLancey, Scott (2021). "Classifying Trans-Himalayan (Sino-Tibetan) languages".The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia. De Gruyter. pp. 207–224.doi:10.1515/9783110558142-012.ISBN 9783110558142.S2CID 238722139.
  2. ^Blench, R.M. 2024. The ‘Mishmi’ languages, Idu, Tawrã and Kman: a mismatch between cultural and linguistic relations. In: Movements through Time and Space: Ecology and Lingua-Cultural Change in South and Southeast Asia. Nishant Choksi ed. Guwahati: Pragjyotish Centre for Cultural Research.
  3. ^Blench, Roger."(PDF) Mishmi language development | Roger Blench - Academia.edu".
Sino-Tibetan branches
WesternHimalayas (Himachal,
Uttarakhand,Nepal,Sikkim)
Greater Magaric
Map of Sino-Tibetan languages
EasternHimalayas
(Tibet,Bhutan,Arunachal)
Myanmar and Indo-
Burmese border
Naga
Sal
East andSoutheast Asia
Burmo-Qiangic
Dubious (possible
isolates,Arunachal)
Greater Siangic
Proposed groupings
Proto-languages
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
Africa
Isolates
Eurasia
(Europe
andAsia)
Isolates
New Guinea
andthe Pacific
Isolates
Australia
Isolates
North
America
Isolates
Mesoamerica
Isolates
South
America
Isolates
Sign
languages
Isolates
See also
  • Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
  • Families initalics have no living members.
  • Families with more than 30 languages are inbold.
Widespread
Europe
West Asia
Caucasus
South Asia
East Asia
Indian Ocean rim
North Asia
"Paleosiberian"
OtherNorth Asia
Proposed groupings
Arunachal
East and Southeast Asia
Substrata
  • Families initalics have no living members.
  • Families with more than 30 languages are inbold.
Greater Siangic
Digaro (Northern Mishmi)
Siangic
Hrusish
Kho-Bwa
Puroik
Bugun
Western
Miju–Meyor
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