| Didymella rabiei | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Didymella rabiei growing onchickpea | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Dothideomycetes |
| Order: | Pleosporales |
| Family: | Didymellaceae |
| Genus: | Didymella |
| Species: | D. rabiei |
| Binomial name | |
| Didymella rabiei | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
| chickpea ascochyta blight | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Common names | chickpea ascochyta, ascochyta blight, blight of chickpea |
| Causal agents | Didymella rabiei |
| Hosts | chickpea |
| EPPO Code | MYCORA |
| Distribution | worldwide in chickpea growing regions |
| NCBI ID | GCA_001630375.1 |
|---|---|
| Ploidy | cannot be determined from assembly |
| Genome size | 34.65[1] |
| Number ofchromosomes | none scaffolded |
| Year of completion | 2016[1] |
Didymella rabiei,commonly calledchickpea ascochyta blight fungus, is afungal plant pathogen ofchickpea.Didymella rabiei is theteleomorph ofAscochyta rabiei, which is theanamorph, but both names refer to the same species.[2] It is typicallyaneuploid with 12-16 chromosomes.[3]
Thespecific epithetrabiei refers torabbia del cece or 'rabies of chickpea', a name for the disease.[4][5]
The disease is also referred to asascochyta blight but there are other fungal species that cause diseases in otherpulse species that also go by that term. It also goes by the nameblight of chickpea.[6] InFrench it is calledanthracnose du pois-chiche (lit. 'chickpeaanthracnose') orascochytose du pois-chiche ('chickpea ascochyta').[6] InGerman it is referred to asAnthraknose: Kichererbse (anthracnose: chickpea').[6] It is calledascoquita del garbanzo ('chickpea ascochyta') orrabia del garbanzo ('chickpea rabies') inSpanish.[6]
Once ascochyta blight has infected a healthy chickpea plant, it will start to develop lesions on all aerial plant parts. If a seed pod becomes infected, it may initially be asymptomatic, but will eventually develop dark lesions on the surface of the seed coats.[citation needed]
D. rabiei has a spherical punctiform and membranouspyrenium, at firstlutescent then opening to a rounded blackostiole.[5] It has numerous elliptical andhyaline spores or varying size.[5] The fungus survives within the infected crop debris from the previous growing season. It requires the infected debris, because it does not produce resting spores that allow it to survive in the soil during the winter. When surviving in crop debris, it typically lasts longer if exposed to drier conditions. When both compatible mating types of the fungus are present, it is able to develop a pseudothecia that produces airborne spores. These airborne spores play a major role in the dispersal of the pathogen.[7]
D. rabiei is known for infecting cultivated annual chickpea (Cicer arietinum),[8] but also commonly infects other wild perennial chickpea species such asCicer monbretti,Cicer ervoides,[3]Cicer judaicum,[9] andCicer pinnatifidum.[10]
Other host species include:
The most important way to protect susceptible crops from this pathogen is to use resistant cultivars when planting. However, this disease has multiple mating types, and may lead to pathogen resistance if the same cultivars are repeatedly used. To add to this, there are a number of cultural practices that can help reduce the vigor ofD. rabiei. These include, but are not limited to: using certified disease free seed, rotation to new crops every two or three years, and planting in wide rows with adequate spacing.[7]
A chemical analysis ofaquafaba indicated that a number of proteins in a particularly well-performing batch were found to be versions fromD. rabiei, specificallytRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase,o-acyltransferase,oxidoreductase,histone H3, andhistone H2B.[12] It is unclear how much of an effect these proteins have on the properties of aquafaba.
Pyrenium globosum punctiforme membranaceum, primo lutescens dein nigrum osculo rotundato reclusum. Sporae numerosae ellipsoideae hyalinae magnitudine variae, plasmate granuloso repletae, madore erumpentes. Nella sommità de' ceci coltivati ne' campi e colpiti dalla così detta rabbia onde rapidamente periscono.
