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Dickin Medal

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Award for animals in wartime

Award
PDSA Dickin Medal
Bronze medal encircled in a laurel wreath and inscribed "PDSA For Gallantry We Also Serve" held from a ring suspender by a ribbon consisting of three equal vertical stripes of dark green, brown and pale blue
The PDSA Dickin Medal (obverse)
Awarded forConspicuous gallantry or devotion to duty while serving in military conflict.
CountryUnited Kingdom
Presented byPeople's Dispensary for Sick Animals
First award1943; 82 years ago (1943)
WebsitePDSA Dickin Medal
A ribbon consisting of three equal vertical stripes of dark green, brown and pale blue
PDSA Dickin Medalservice ribbon

ThePDSA Dickin Medal was instituted in 1943 in the United Kingdom byMaria Dickin to honour the work of animals in World War II. It is a bronzemedallion, bearing the words "For Gallantry" and "We Also Serve" within alaurel wreath, carried on a ribbon of striped green, dark brown, and pale blue.[1] It is awarded to animals that have displayed "conspicuous gallantry or devotion to duty while serving or associated with any branch of the Armed Forces or Civil Defence Units".[1] The award is commonly referred to as "the animals'Victoria Cross".[1][2][3]

Maria Dickin was the founder of thePeople's Dispensary for Sick Animals (PDSA), a Britishveterinary charity. She established the award for any animal displaying conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty whilst serving withBritish Empire armed forces or civil emergency services. The medal was awarded 54 times between 1943 and 1949 – to 32pigeons, 18dogs, 3horses, and aship's cat – to acknowledge actions of gallantry or devotion during theSecond World War and subsequent conflicts.

The awarding of the medal was revived in 2000. In December 2007, 12 former recipients buried at thePDSA Animal Cemetery inIlford, Essex, Greater London, were afforded full military honours at the conclusion of aNational Lottery-aided project to restore the cemetery.[4][5]

As of January 2023[update], the Dickin Medal has been awarded 74 times, plus one honorary award made in 2014 to all the animals who served in theFirst World War.[6]

Recipients

[edit]

The first recipients of the award, in December 1943, were three pigeons serving with theRoyal Air Force who contributed to the recovery of aircrews from ditched aircraft.[1] The most recent recipient is Bass, aBelgian Malinois who served with theUS Marine Special Operation Command inAfghanistan.[6]

A dog receiving a medal while surrounded by a number of men in military uniform
Rob the Collie, receiving his medal
Certificate and medal for Pigeon Royal Blue
Dickin Medal and Certificate for the pigeonRoyal Blue
A dog standing in the remains of a destroyed building
Rip helped locate a number of victims ofThe Blitz.
A dog sitting on the deck of a ship, being spoken to by a man in a military uniform
Judy was aship's dog on bothHMSGnat andHMSGrasshopper.
A pigeon, at rest, facing to the right. It has dark feathers on its head and neck, with two dark stripes two-thirds of the way down its pale wings.
William of Orange was awarded the medal in 1945 fordelivering a message fromOperation Market Garden.
Bing the ParaDog displayed with his Dickin Medal at theImperial War Museum Duxford
Kuno showing his prosthetic hind leg
Recipient(s)AnimalDate of awardNotesRef(s)
White VisionPigeon2 December 1943Delivered a message that led to the rescue of a ditched aircrew in October 1943. She flew 9 hours in bad visibility and heavy weather with strong headwinds.[7]
[8][9]
WinkiePigeon2 December 1943Delivered a message that contributed to the rescue of a ditched aircrew in February 1942.[10]
[11]
[12]
TykePigeon2 December 1943Delivered a message that contributed to the rescue of a ditched aircrew in June 1943.[13]
BobDog24 March 1944Amongrel, worked on patrol at Green Hill, North Africa; served with the 6th BattalionQueen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment.[12]
Beach ComberPigeon1 September 1944Brought the first news of thelandings at Dieppe in 1942; served with theCanadian Army.[12]
GustavPigeon1 September 1944Brought the first message from theNormandy beaches on 6 June 1944.[11]
PaddyPigeon1 September 1944Held best recorded time with a message from theNormandy Operations in June 1944.[14]
[15]
RipDog1945Amongrel, located many victims of the air raids ofThe Blitz.[16]
JetDog12 January 1945AnAlsatian,[B] assisted in the rescue of people trapped under blitzed buildings; served with theCivil Defence Service.[7]
[12]
IrmaDog12 January 1945AnAlsatian,[B] assisted in the rescue of people trapped under blitzed buildings; served with theCivil Defence Service.[7]
[17]
BeautyDog12 January 1945AWirehaired Terrier, assisted in the location of buried air-raid victims; served with a PDSA Rescue Squad.[7]
RobDog22 January 1945ACollie, made over 20 parachute descents during the North African Campaign; served with theSpecial Air Service (SAS).[A][7]
[10]
[12]
Kenley LassPigeonMarch 1945First pigeon to deliver intelligence from an agent in enemy-occupied France in October 1940; served with theNational Pigeon Service. She was parachuted with the agent and released 12 days later to fly 300 miles back to home in less than 7 hours.[18][19]
Navy BluePigeonMarch 1945Although injured, delivered a message from a raiding party in France, June 1944.[13]
Flying DutchmanPigeonMarch 1945Delivered three messages from agents in the Netherlands;missing in action on the fourth mission in 1944.[13]
Dutch CoastPigeonMarch 1945Delivered anSOS message from a ditched aircrew 288 miles in 7.5 hours in April 1942.[12]
CommandoPigeonMarch 1945Delivered three messages from agents in occupied France; served with theNational Pigeon Service.[12]
Royal BluePigeonMarch 1945First pigeon of the war to deliver a message from a forced landed aircraft on the Continent in October 1940.[13]
ThornDog2 March 1945AnAlsatian,[B] located air-raid casualties in a burning building; served with theCivil Defence Service.[20]
Rifleman KhanDog27 March 1945AnAlsatian,[B] rescued a soldier from drowning while under heavy shell fire during the assault ofWalcheren in November 1944; served with the 6th BattalionCameronians.[20]
RexDogApril 1945AnAlsatian,[B] located casualties in burning buildings; served with theCivil Defence Service.[12]
Ruhr ExpressPigeonMay 1945Carried an important message from theRuhr Pocket in April 1945.[13]
William of OrangePigeonMay 1945Held the record time for delivering a message from theArnhem Airborne Operation; served with theNational Pigeon Service (Army).[21]
Scotch LassPigeonJune 1945Brought 38 microphotographs across theNorth Sea from the Netherlands, despite injury, in September 1944.[13]
SheilaDog2 July 1945ACollie, assisted in the rescue of four American airmen lost on theCheviot Hills in a blizzard after a crash in December 1944 (first civilian animal to be awarded).[12]
BillyPigeonAugust 1945Delivered a message from a bomber that had been force-landed in 1942.[13]
Broad ArrowPigeonOctober 1945Brought three important messages from the Continent in 1943; served with theNational Pigeon Service (Special Section).[13]
NPS.42.NS.2780PigeonOctober 1945Brought three important messages from the Continent in 1942 and 1943; served with theNational Pigeon Service (Special Section).[13]
NPS.42.NS.7524PigeonOctober 1945Brought three important messages from the Continent in 1942 and 1943; served with theNational Pigeon Service (Special Section).[13]
MaquisPigeonOctober 1945Brought three important messages from the Continent from 1943 and 1944; served with theNational Pigeon Service (Special Section).[13]
Mary of ExeterPigeonNovember 1945Showed outstanding endurance on war service despite injury.[8]
[12]
PeterDogNovember 1945ACollie, located people trapped under blitzed buildings; served with theCivil Defence Service.[7]
[17]
TommyPigeonFebruary 1946Delivered a message from the Netherlands to Lancashire in July 1942; served with theNational Pigeon Service.[13]
All AlonePigeonFebruary 1946Delivered an important message following a flight of over 400 miles in one day in August 1943; served with theNational Pigeon Service.[13]
JudyDogMay 1946A pedigreePointer, helped keep morale high among fellow prisoners in a Japanese prisoner-of-war camp.[12]
PrincessPigeonMay 1946Completed a special mission toCrete, a journey of more than 500 miles over sea, with valuable information.[11]
MercuryPigeonAugust 1946Carried out a special task involving a 480-mile flight from Northern Denmark in 1942; served with theNational Pigeon Service (Special Section).[22]
NURP.38.BPC.6PigeonAugust 1946Made three flights in 1941; served with theNational Pigeon Service (Special Section).[13]
G.I. JoePigeonAugust 1946Flew 20 miles in as many minutes, delivering a message that is credited with saving at least 100 lives; served with theUnited States Army Pigeon Service.[11]
Punch and JudyDogsNovember 1946Boxers, saved two British officers inPalestine by attacking a nationalist.[23]
ColognePigeon1947Homed from a crashed aircraft over Cologne despite injury in 1943.[11]
Duke of NormandyPigeon8 January 1947First bird to arrive with message from paratroops of21st Army Group onD Day (6 June 1944); served with theNational Pigeon Service.[12]
NURP.43.CC.1418Pigeon8 January 1947Fastest flight carrying a message from the6th Airborne Division from Normandy, 7 June 1944; served with theNational Pigeon Service.[13]
DD.43.T.139PigeonFebruary 1947Brought message of foundered ship in theHuon Gulf in time to salvage it and its cargo; served with theRoyal Australian Corps of Signals.[12]
DD.43.Q.879PigeonFebruary 1947Only survivor of three pigeons released to warn of an impending counter-attack atManus Island. Reached headquarters in time to extract a US Marine Corps patrol; served with theRoyal Australian Corps of Signals.[18]
RickyDog29 March 1947AWelsh Collie, located mines along a canal bank atNederweert in the Netherlands, despite being injured by one.[12]
BingDog29 March 1947AnAlsatian,[B] parachuted into Normandy with13th Battalion, 6th Airborne Division.[24]
OlgaHorse11 April 1947Controlled traffic and assisted rescue operations following aflying bomb explosion inTooting; served with thepolice.[7]
[12]
UpstartHorse11 April 1947Controlled traffic following aflying bomb exploding inBethnal Green; served with thepolice.[7]
[12]
RegalHorse11 April 1947Remained calm despite being subject to stable fires inMuswell Hill caused by explosive incendiaries on two separate occasions.[7]
[12]
SimonCatAugust 1949HMSAmethyst'sship's cat, awarded for "gallantry under fire" and for the disposal of many rats despite shrapnel injuries during theYangtze Incident in 1949. He remains the only cat to ever receive the award.[16]
AntisDog28 January 1949AnAlsatian,[B] served withVáclav Robert Bozděch, aCzech airman, in theFrench Air Force and in theNo. 311 (Czechoslovak) Squadron RAF in Britain, and helped his master escape after the death ofJan Masaryk.[25]
TichDog1 July 1949Amongrel, awarded for courage and devotion between 1941 and 1945; served with the 1st BattalionKing's Royal Rifle Corps.[16]
GanderDog27 October 2000ANewfoundland, saved Canadian infantrymen on at least three separate occasions during theBattle of Lye Mun on Hong Kong Island in December 1941;killed in action gathering a grenade.[17]
ApolloDog5 March 2002AGerman Shepherd, received the award on behalf of all search-and-rescue dogs who assisted in the aftermath of theSeptember 11 attacks in 2001.[26]
Salty and RoselleDogs5 March 2002Labradorguide dogs, led their blind owners down more than 70 flights of stairs to escape from the damagedWorld Trade Center in September 2001.[26]
SamDog14 January 2003AGerman Shepherd, brought down an armed man and held back rioters while serving inBosnia and Herzegovina in April 1998; served withThe Royal Canadian Regiment on assignment from theRoyal Army Veterinary Corps.[27]
BusterDog9 December 2003ASpringer Spaniel, located a weapons arsenal inSafwan, Southern Iraq in March 2003; served with theDuke of Wellington's Regiment.[10]
[12]
LuckyDog6 February 2007AGerman Shepherd, the only member of a four-dog team to survive tracking nationalists inMalaya from 1949 to 1952; served with theRoyal Air Force Police.[28]
SadieDog6 February 2007ALabrador, detected explosive devices, which were subsequently disarmed, while serving inKabul, Afghanistan, in November 2005; served with theRoyal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment.[29]
TreoDog24 February 2010ALabrador-Spaniel crossbreed, locatedimprovised explosive devices while serving inHelmand Province, Afghanistan in August and September 2008; served withRoyal Army Veterinary Corps.[30][31]
TheoDog25 October 2012ASpringer Spaniel, who located improvisedexplosive devices while serving in Afghanistan; holds the record for most operational finds by an arms and explosives search dog with 14. Died from an apparent seizure after his handler was killed by enemy fire earlier that day.[32]
SashaDog29 April 2014ALabrador who located 15 improvisedexplosive devices, mortars, mines, and weapons while serving in Afghanistan, with theRoyal Army Veterinary Corps. In July 2008 Sasha and her handler were killed in aTaliban ambush by a rocket-propelled grenade.[33][34]
WarriorHorse2 September 2014Honorary award to a First World Warwarhorse to commemorate the contributions of all animals during the conflict.[35]
DieselDog28 December 2015ABelgian MalinoisRAID assault dog employed by theFrench police who was killed by suspected terrorists in the2015 Saint-Denis raid on 18 November 2015 in Paris.[36]
LuccaDog5 April 2016AGerman Shepherd who worked with theUnited States Marine Corps for six years before losing a leg in anIED explosion.[37]
RecklessHorse28 July 2016AMongolian mare who worked with theUnited States Marine Corps in theKorean War. On one day she made 51 solo trips to resupply multiple front line units.[38]
MaliDog17 November 2017ABelgian Malinois who worked with theSpecial Boat Service in Afghanistan in 2012. During an 8-hour assault against a Taliban position, the dog indicated the locations of enemy combatants, despite being injured three times by grenade explosions.[39]
ChipsDog15 January 2018AHusky crossbreed, for bravery and devotion to duty during the U.S. Army's invasion ofSicily on 10 July 1943.[40]
KugaDog26 October 2018ABelgian Malinois, for actions during an AustralianSpecial OperationsTask Group patrol inUruzgan province, Afghanistan. Kuga, who was shot five times during the action, served with theSpecial Air Service Regiment (SASR) from 2008 until his death from wounds in 2012.[41]
KunoDog29 August 2020ABelgian Malinois, for courage under fire during aSpecial Boat Service raid againstal-Qaeda in Afghanistan. When forces were pinned down by grenade and machine-gun fire, Kuno was sent in wearing night-vision goggles to attack the gunman, and wrestled him to the ground despite being shot in both hind legs. The injuries he sustained required part of one of his hind paws to be amputated, and he received a prosthesis to replace it after his return to Britain.[42]
LeukDog23 April 2021ABelgian Malinois of the French Special Forces, for courage and playing a key role during anti-terrorist operations, and for saving the lives of his handler and colleagues.[43]
HertzDog22 February 2022AGerman Shorthaired Pointer of theRoyal Air Force Police for detecting electronic equipment during the war in Afghanistan.[44]
BassDog24 January 2023A Belgian Malinois of the US Marine Special Operation Command for his life-saving actions during a deployment in Afghanistan in 2019.[45]
  • A^ Rob was awarded the Dickin Medal in 1945 for taking part in more than 20 parachute drops and for his involvement in operations behind enemy lines in Italy and North Africa during theSecond World War. There is evidence that his record is a hoax concocted by the training officer at2nd SAS at the time so that the dog would remain with the regiment.[46][47][48]
  • B^ TheGerman Shepherd Dog breed was renamed in the UK byThe Kennel Club in 1919 toAlsatian Wolf Dog. During the 1920s, theWolf Dog part of the name fell out of use and dogs of this breed were simply known asAlsatians.[49] The name had been reverted in most countries by 1977 toGerman Shepherd Dog.[50]

See also

[edit]
Animals
Honouring animals
Animals in war
Animals assisting veterans
  • Bravehound – Scottish charity that supports former servicemen, women and their families, providing training and dogs to support veterans
  • Hounds for Heroes – British charity helping train and provide service dogs to wounded British Armed Forces and Emergency Services men and women

References

[edit]
General
Specific
  1. ^abcd"PDSA Dickin Medal". PDSA. Archived fromthe original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved1 March 2010.
  2. ^"Military search dog to receive animals' Victoria Cross". Ministry of Defence. 8 February 2010. Archived fromthe original on 15 March 2010. Retrieved3 March 2010.
  3. ^"The Animals' VC". BBC Radio 4.Archived from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved3 March 2010.
  4. ^Clout, Laura (14 December 2007). "A better resting place for the animal VCs".The Daily Telegraph. p. 12.
  5. ^"Celebrity to open animal Garden of Remembrance". PDSA. Archived fromthe original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved2 March 2010.
  6. ^ab"PDSA Dickin Medal".PDSA. 23 February 2022.Archived from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved23 February 2022.
  7. ^abcdefghi"UK honors glow worm war heroes". CNN. 24 November 2004.Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved27 February 2010.
  8. ^abBell, Sarah (13 December 2007)."Fitting tribute to animal heroes".BBC News.Archived from the original on 28 May 2009. Retrieved27 February 2010.
  9. ^Cleaver, Hylton (June 1951). "They've earned their corn".Men Only: 99.
  10. ^abc"Animal war heroes statue unveiled".BBC News. 24 November 2004.Archived from the original on 16 February 2009. Retrieved27 February 2010.
  11. ^abcdeHerbert, Ian (23 March 2005)."The hero of the latest British war movie is a pigeon called Valiant. A flight of fancy? No, it's based on real life".The Independent. London.Archived from the original on 14 April 2009. Retrieved27 February 2010.
  12. ^abcdefghijklmnopqr"Animals at War captions"(PDF). Imperial War Museum. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 16 December 2014. Retrieved27 February 2010.
  13. ^abcdefghijklmno"Dickin medal pigeons". PDSA. Archived fromthe original on 13 February 2010. Retrieved22 February 2011.
  14. ^Shulman, Calvin (11 December 2007)."Top 50 greatest sporting animals".The Times. London. Archived fromthe original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved27 February 2010.
  15. ^"Paddy the pigeon decorated for bravery in fight against Hitler".The Belfast Telegraph. 16 September 2009.Archived from the original on 22 September 2009. Retrieved1 March 2010.
  16. ^abc"Ilford Animal Cemetery". PDSA.Archived from the original on 9 September 2010. Retrieved27 February 2010.
  17. ^abcJudd, Terri (16 August 2000)."'Animal VC' will honour Gander's dash for grenade".The Independent. London.Archived from the original on 19 November 2009. Retrieved27 February 2010.
  18. ^abClive D. L. Wynne (2004).Do animals think?. Princeton University Press. p. 153.ISBN 0-691-11311-4.
  19. ^Cleaver, Hylton (June 1951). "They've earned their corn".Men Only: 101.
  20. ^ab"Dickin medal dogs". People's Dispensary for Sick Animals. Archived fromthe original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved22 February 2010.
  21. ^"Animals at War"(PDF).The Shutter Telegraph. Vol. 1, no. 8.Royal Signals Museum. p. 2. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 16 March 2011. Retrieved26 September 2023.
  22. ^"Catch the Pigeon". National Army Museum. Archived fromthe original on 31 July 2010. Retrieved1 March 2010.
  23. ^"Dickin medal dogs". PDSA. Archived fromthe original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved1 March 2010.
  24. ^"The PDSA Dickin Medal". Paradata.org.uk. Archived fromthe original on 24 August 2011. Retrieved6 March 2011.
  25. ^Velinger, Jan (18 March 2009)."The story of a Czech WW II airman and his remarkable dog". Radio Prague.Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved3 January 2010.
  26. ^ab"Life Saving"(PDF). Imperial War Museum London. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 8 January 2009. Retrieved17 January 2009.
  27. ^Tibbetts, Graham (20 December 2002)."Army dog Sam wins a posthumous 'VC'".The Daily Telegraph. London.Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved27 February 2010.
  28. ^Gabbatt, Adam (24 February 2010)."Heroic labrador awarded animals' Victoria Cross".The Guardian. London.Archived from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved27 February 2010.
  29. ^"In pictures: Sadie the hero dog gets a medal". BBC. 6 February 2007.Archived from the original on 1 February 2008. Retrieved27 February 2010.
  30. ^Heyhoe, Dave (2012).It's All About Treo: Life and War with the World's Bravest Dog. London: Quercus.ISBN 978-1-780-87396-1.
  31. ^"Sniffer dog Treo is honoured with PDSA Dickin Medal".BBC News. 24 February 2010.Archived from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved27 February 2010.
  32. ^"Army dog given posthumous medal for Afghanistan work".BBC News. 25 October 2012. Retrieved25 October 2012.
  33. ^"Army dog killed in Afghanistan given posthumous medal".BBC News. 29 April 2014.Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved29 April 2014.
  34. ^"British army dog awarded bravery medal for work in Afghanistan".The Guardian. London. 29 April 2014.Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved29 April 2014.
  35. ^"World War One: Warhorse Warrior awarded Dickin Medal".BBC News. 2 September 2014.Archived from the original on 5 September 2014. Retrieved2 September 2014.
  36. ^"Tragic French Police Dog Diesel to receive supreme honour for gallantry". PDSA. 27 December 2015.Archived from the original on 28 December 2015. Retrieved28 December 2015.
  37. ^"PDSA Dickin Medal for Lucca". PDSA. 5 April 2016.Archived from the original on 26 April 2016. Retrieved5 April 2016.
  38. ^Bailey, Nancy (28 July 2016)."U.S. Marine Horse 'Sgt Reckless' Awarded Posthumous Medal Of Valor". The Inquisitr News.Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved29 July 2016.
  39. ^Rawlinson, Kevin."Army dog wins 'animal Victoria Cross' for Taliban counterattack".The Guardian.Archived from the original on 17 November 2017. Retrieved18 November 2017.
  40. ^"PDSA Dickin Medal for hero dog Chips".PDSA.Archived from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved11 July 2019.
  41. ^"PDSA Dickin Medal Citation: Kuga, Special Operations Military Working Dog". Australian Army. 26 October 2018. Archived fromthe original on 26 October 2018. Retrieved26 October 2018.
  42. ^"Medal for hero dog Kuno which saved soldiers' lives in Afghanistan". BBC. 29 August 2020.Archived from the original on 29 August 2020. Retrieved30 August 2020.
  43. ^Carey, Paul (23 April 2021)."Top UK gallantry award for French dog that ran through flames in Mali to attack terrorists".thenationalnews.com.Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved23 April 2021.
  44. ^Jamie Grierson (22 February 2022)."Dog awarded animals' Victoria Cross for RAF service in Afghanistan".The Guardian. Retrieved22 February 2022.
  45. ^"Bass - PDSA Dickin Medal".psda.org.uk.Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved25 April 2023.
  46. ^Malvern, Jack (20 July 2006)."War heroics were a shaggy dog story".The Times. London. Archived fromthe original on 30 August 2008. Retrieved2 March 2010.
  47. ^Malvern, Jack (24 February 2010)."Dickin Medal awarded to Treo the bomb-sniffing military labrador".The Times. London. Archived fromthe original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved27 February 2010.
  48. ^Alleyne, Richard (21 July 2006)."SAS reports of canine heroics 'just a shaggy dog story'".The Daily Telegraph. London.Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved3 March 2010.
  49. ^Stevens, Katrina (June 2002).The German Shepherd Dog: A Comprehensive Guide to Buying, Owning, and Training. Breed Basics. Willow Creek Press. p. 12.ISBN 978-1-57223-512-0.Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved5 March 2010.
  50. ^Mantellato, Lisa (2008).Getting to Know German Shepherds. Animal Info. p. 13.ISBN 978-1-921537-09-7.Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved5 March 2010.

External links

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