Chemical compound
Pharmaceutical compound
Dibutyltryptamine (DBT ), also known asN ,N -dibutyltryptamine (N ,N -DBT ), is apsychedelic drug of thetryptamine family.[ 1]
In his bookTiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved ),Alexander Shulgin reported that a dose of 1 mg/kg byintramuscular injection was active, but less so thandimethyltryptamine (DMT) ordiethyltryptamine (DET).[ 1] [ 2] This suggests that an active dose of DBT will be in the 100 mg range.[citation needed ] It has been sold as a "research chemical " and has been confirmed to be an active hallucinogen, although somewhat weaker than other similar tryptamine derivatives.[citation needed ]
DBT produces thehead-twitch response in mice.[ 3]
DBT is found either as itscrystalline hydrochloride salt or as an oily or crystallinebase .
Thechemical synthesis of DBT has been described.[ 1]
There are four symmetrical isomers of DBT which can be made, or ten isomers in total if unsymmetrical substitution is used. Of these only the n-butyl analogue DBT is known to be active in humans; the isobutyl, sec-butyl, and tert-butyl isomers DIBT, DSBT and DTBT have never been tested and only DBT and DIBT were made by Shulgin.
The unsymmetrical isomers BIBT, BSBT, BTBT, IBSBT, IBTBT and SBTBT are also possible but have never been made and no predictions have been made about their activity. Shulgin speculates that the s-butyl isomer DSBT may be more potent than the straight chain compound DBT, but that the more highly branched DIBT and DTBT would probably be inactive due to the bulk of the substituent group. As for longer chain compounds than butyl, they have not been made and would probably be inactive. Shulgin mentions that the monohexyl compound NHT is without activity. However the unsymmetrical compounds such asmethylbutyltryptamine show more promise, and a wide range of possible compounds could be made by pairing the various butyl isomers with methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl or allyl groups.[citation needed ]
Analogues of DBT include4-HO-DBT ,4-HO-DsBT ,5-MeO-DBT , anddihexyltryptamine (DHT), among others.
DBT was first described in thescientific literature by 1959.[ 4]
^a b c Shulgin A ,Shulgin A (September 1997).TiHKAL: The Continuation .Berkeley, California :Transform Press .ISBN 0-9630096-9-9 .OCLC 38503252 .^ Brimblecombe RW, Pinder RM (1975). "Indolealkylamines and Related Compounds".Hallucinogenic Agents . Bristol: Wright-Scientechnica. pp. 98– 144.ISBN 978-0-85608-011-1 .OCLC 2176880 .OL 4850660M .The N,N-dibutyl derivative (4.11) showed a considerable decrease in activity, while increasing the chain length to N,N-dihexyl (4.12) abolished hallucinogenic effects in man (Szara, 1961b). ^ Abiero A, Ryu IS, Botanas CJ, Custodio RJ, Sayson LV, Kim M, et al. (June 2019)."Four Novel Synthetic Tryptamine Analogs Induce Head-Twitch Responses and Increase 5-HTR2a in the Prefrontal Cortex in Mice" .Biomolecules & Therapeutics .28 :83– 91.doi :10.4062/biomolther.2019.049 .PMC 6939696 .PMID 31230432 . ^ Barlow RB, Khan I (March 1959)."Actions of some analogues of tryptamine on the isolated rat uterus and on the isolated rat fundus strip preparations" .Br J Pharmacol Chemother .14 (1):99– 107.doi :10.1111/j.1476-5381.1959.tb00934.x .PMC 1481812 .PMID 13651585 .
Tryptamines
No ring subs. 4-Hydroxytryptamines 5-Hydroxytryptamines 5-Methoxytryptamines Other ring subs. α-Alkyltryptamines Others Cyclized Ergolines /lysergamides (e.g.,LSD )β-Carbolines andHarmala alkaloids (e.g.,harmine ,harmaline ,6-methoxyharmalan )Iboga alkaloids (e.g.,18-MAC ,18-MC ,coronaridine ,ibogaine ,ibogamine ,ME-18-MC ,noribogaine ,tabernanthine ,voacangine )Ibogalogs (e.g.,ibogainalog )O -MethylnordehydrobufoteninePartial ergolines (e.g.,NDTDI ,RU-28306 ,CT-5252 )Piperidinylethylindoles (e.g.,pip-T )Pyrrolidinylethylindoles (e.g.,pyr-T ,5-MeO-pyr-T )Pyrrolidinylmethylindoles (e.g.,MPMI ,4-HO-MPMI (lucigenol) ,5-MeO-MPMI )Tetrahydropyridinylindoles (e.g.,RU-28253 (5-MeO-THPI) ,NEtPhOH-THPI )Bioisosteres Benzofurans (e.g.,5-MeO-DiBF ,dimemebfe (5-MeO-BFE) ,mebfap )Benzothiophenes (e.g.,3-APBT )Indazolethylamines (e.g.,AL-38022A ,O -methyl-AL-34662 )Indenylethylamines (e.g.,C-DMT )Isotryptamines (e.g.,6-MeO-isoDMT ,Ro60-0175 )MYCO-005 Quinolinylethylamines (e.g.,mefloquine )
Phenethylamines
Scalines 2C-x Others: 2C-B-AN 2C-DB 2C-G-x (e.g.,2C-G-3 ,2C-G-5 )β-Keto-2C-B (βk-2C-B) β-Keto-2C-I (βk-2C-I) β-Methyl-2C-B (BMB) BOx (e.g.,BOB ,BOD ,BOH-2C-B )HOT-x (e.g.,HOT-2 ,HOT-7 ,HOT-17 )N -Ethyl-2C-BTWEETIOs (e.g.,2CD-2-ETO ,2CD-5-ETO ,2CE-5-ETO ,2CE-5iPrO ,2CT2-5-ETO ,ASR-2001 (2CB-5PrO) )3C-x DOx 4C-x Ψ-PEA MDxx FLY 25x-NB (NBOMes) Others 2-TOET 2-TOM 25B-NAcPip 4-HA 5-TOET 5-TOM Benzofurans (e.g.,5-APB ,5-APDB ,6-APB ,6-APDB ,F ,F-2 ,F-22 )Benzothiophenes (e.g.,5-APBT ,6-APBT )CT-5172 DMAs (e.g.,2,4-DMA ,3,4-DMA )Fenfluramine MMA (3-MeO-4-MA) Norfenfluramine PEA-NDEPAs (e.g.,25D-NM-NDEAOP ,DOB-NDEPA ,DOI-NDEPA ,DOM-NDEPA ,DOTFM-NDEPA ,M-NDEPA ,TMA-2-NDEPA )PMA (4-MA) TMAs (e.g.,TMA-3 ,TMA-4 ,TMA-5 )TOMSO ZDCM-04 Cyclized 1-Aminomethylindanes (e.g.,2CB-Ind ,jimscaline )2-Aminoindanes (e.g.,DOM-AI )3-Benzazepines (e.g.,lorcaserin )3-Phenylpiperidines (e.g.,LPH-5 ,LPH-48 )Benzocyclobutenes (e.g.,2CBCB-NBOMe ,TCB-2 ,tomscaline )Benzoxepins (e.g.,BBOX ,IBOX ,TFMBOX )DMBMPP (juncosamine) Ergolines /lysergamides (e.g.,LSD )Glaucine Partial ergolines (e.g.,NDTDI ,DEIMDHPCA ,DEMPDHPCA ,DEMTMPDHPCA ,DEMNDHPCA )Phenylcyclopropylamines (e.g.,DMCPA ,TMT )Phenyloxazolamines (aminorexes ) (e.g.,2C-B-aminorex )Pyridopyrroloquinoxalines (e.g.,IHCH-7113 )Z3517967757 ZC-B
Lysergamides Others Arylpiperazines (e.g.,2C-B-PP ,2-NP ,mCPP ,MK-212 ,ORG-12962 ,pCPP ,pFPP ,quipazine ,TFMPP )Dihydrobenzoxazines (e.g.,efavirenz )Phenoxyethylamines (e.g.,CT-4719 ,ORG-37684 )Pyridopyrroloquinoxalines (e.g.,IHCH-7113 )Quinazolinylethylamines (e.g.,RH-34 )Natural sources Tryptamines: Acacia spp. (e.g.,Acacia acuminata ,Acacia confusa )Ayahuasca andvinho de Jurema (e.g.,Psychotria viridis (chacruna) ,Dipolopterys cabrerana (chaliponga, chacruna) ,Mimosa tenuiflora (Mimosa hostilis ; jurema) )Brosimum (e.g.,Brosimum acutifolium (takini) )Hallucinogenic snuffs (e.g.,Anadenanthera peregrina (yopo, jopo, cohoba, parica, ebene) ,Anadenanthera colubrina (vilca, cebil) )Incilius alvarius (Bufo alvarius ; Colorado River toad, Sonoran Desert toad; bufo)Psilocybin-containing mushrooms (magic mushrooms, shrooms) (e.g.,Psilocybe cubensis ,Psilocybe mexicana (teonanacatl) )Lysergamides: Achnatherum robustum (sleepy grass)Epichloë spp.Ergot (Claviceps ) (e.g.,Claviceps purpurea ,Claviceps paspali )Morning glory (Convolvulaceae) seeds (e.g.,Ipomoea tricolor (tlitliltzin, badoh negro;Ipomoea violacea ) ,Ipomoea corymbosa (coaxihuitl, ololiúqui;Rivea Corymbosa ,Turbina Corymbosa ) ,Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian baby woodrose; HBWR) )Periglandula spp. (e.g.,Periglandula ipomoeae ,Periglandula clandestina )
Tryptamines 1-Methyl-DMT (1,N ,N -TMT, 1-TMT) 1-Methyl-T 2-HO-NMT 2-Methyl-DET 2-Methyl-DiPT 2-Methyl-iPALT (ASR-3002) 2,N ,N -TMT (2-methyl-DMT) 3-IAAR 4-Fluoro-DMT 4-Fluoro-T 5-Bromo-DMT 5-Bromo-T 5-Chloro-DMT 5-Chloro-T 5-CT 5-Ethyl-DMT 5-Fluoro-DET 5-Fluoro-DMT 5-Fluoro-EPT 5-Fluoro-T 5-Me-MiPT 5-MeS-DMT 5-Methyl-DMT 5-Methyl-T 6-Fluoro-DET 6-Fluoro-DMT 6-Fluoro-T 6-HO-DET 6-HO-DMT 6-HO-T (6-HT) 6-MeO-DMT 6-MeO-T 6-Methyl-T 6,7-DHT 7-Chloro-T 7-HO-T (7-HT) 7-MeO-DMT 7-MeO-T 7-Methyl-DMT 7-Methyl-T Acetryptine (5-AT) Almotriptan Benzotript (4-CB-Trp) BGE Bretisilocin (5-fluoro-MET; GM-2505) Convolutindole A (2,4,6-TBr,1,7-DiMeO-DMT) DALT DAT DBT Desformylflustrabromine DET (T-9) DHT DiPT DMT DPT E-6801 E-6837 EB-003 EiPT EPT FGIN-127 FGIN-143 Idalopirdine iPALT (ALiPT; ASR-3003) Lespedamine (1-MeO-DMT) L-694247 MBT MET MiPT MPT MsBT N -Benzyltryptamine (T-NB, NB-T)N -DEAOP-NETN -DEAOP-NMTNAT NBoc-DMT NET/NETP NHT NiPT NMT NsBT NtBT PALT (ASR-3004) PiPT Rizatriptan ST-1936 (2-Me-5-Cl-DMT) Sumatriptan TCS-1205 Tryptamine (T; indolylethylamine) Tryptophan (Trp) WAY-181187 Yuremamine Z2876442907 Zolmitriptan 4-Hydroxytryptamines andesters /ethers 5-Hydroxy- and5-methoxytryptamines 2-Methyl-5-HT 2-Methyl-5-MeO-DALT 4-HO-5-MeO-T 4-F-5-MeO-DMT 4,5-DHP-DMT 4,5-DHT 4,5-MDO-DMT 4,5-MDO-DiPT 5-BT 5-Ethoxy-DMT 5-HO-DET 5-HO-DiPT 5-HO-NiPT 5-HO-DPT 5-HTP (oxitriptan )5-MeO-2-TMT 5-MeO-34MPEMT 5-MeO-7,N ,N -TMT 5-MeO-DALT 5-MeO-DBT 5-MeO-DET 5-MeO-DiPT 5-MeO-DMT (N ,N ,O -TMS;O -methylbufotenine) 5-MeO-DPT 5-MeO-EiPT 5-MeO-EPT 5-MeO-MALT 5-MeO-MET 5-MeO-MiPT 5-MeO-NET 5-MeO-NiPT 5-MeO-NMT (O ,N -DMS) 5-MeO-PiPT 5-MeO-NBpBrT 5-MeO-T (5-MT; mexamine;O -methylserotonin) 5-MeO-T-NBOMe 5-MT-NB3OMe 5-NOT 5,6-DHT 5,6-MDO-DiPT 5,6-MDO-DMT 5,6-MDO-MiPT 5,6-MeO-MiPT 5,7-DHT Arachidonoyl serotonin ASR-3001 (5-MeO-iPALT) BAB Benanserin (BAS; SQ-4788) BGC20-761 Bufotenidine (5-HTQ;N ,N ,N -TMS) Bufotenin (5-HO-DMT;N ,N -DMS; mappine) Bufoviridine (5-SO-DMT) CP-132,484 Cqd 280 Cqd 285 Cqdd 280 Donitriptan EMDT (2-Et-5-MeO-DMT) HIOC Indorenate (TR-3369) Isamide (N -CA-5-MT) L-741604 MS-245 N -DEAOP-5-MeO-NETN -DEAOP-5-MeO-NMTN -Feruloylserotonin (moschamine)Norbufotenin (5-HO-NMT; NMS) O -Acetylbufotenine (5-AcO-DMT)O -Pivalylbufotenine (5-t -BuCO-DMT)Psilomethoxin (4-HO-5-MeO-DMT) Psilomethoxybin (4-PO-5-MeO-DMT) Serotonin (5-HT) N -Acetyltryptaminesα-Alkyltryptamines 5-Hydroxy- and 5-alkoxy-α-alkyltryptamines: 1-Pr-5-MeO-AMT 5-Allyloxy-AMT 5-Ethoxy-αMT 5-iPrO-αMT 5-MeO-αET 5-MeO-αMT (α,O -DMS; Alpha-O) α-Methyl-5-HTP α-Methylmelatonin α-Methylserotonin (5-HO-αMT; α-Me-5-HT) α,N ,O -TMS (5-MeO-α,N -DMT) α,N ,N ,O -TeMS (5-MeO-α,N ,N -TMT) AL-37350A (4,5-DHP-αMT) BW-723C86 Cyclized tryptamines 5-MeO-IsoqT Barettin Cyclic 3-OHM Ergolines andlysergamides (e.g.,LSD )Harmala alkaloids andβ-carbolines (e.g.,5-methoxyharmalan ,6-MeO-THH ,6-methoxyharmalan ,9-Me-BC ,β-carboline (norharman) ,fenharmane ,harmaline ,harmalol ,harmane ,harmine ,LY-266,097 ,pinoline ,tetrahydroharmine ,tryptoline )Iboga alkaloids (e.g.,ibogaine ,ibogamine ,noribogaine ,tabernanthine )Ibogalogs (e.g.,catharanthalog ,fluorogainalog ,ibogainalog ,ibogaminalog (DM-506) ,LS-22925 ,noribogainalog ,noribogaminalog ,PHA-57378 ,PNU-22394 ,tabernanthalog )Imidazolylindoles (e.g.,AGH-107 ,AGH-192 ,AH-494 )Metralindole Morpholinylethylindoles (e.g.,mor-T ,5-MeO-mor-T )Partial ergolines and lysergamides (e.g.,NDTDI ,RU-27849 ,RU-28251 ,RU-28306 ,FHATHBIN ,LY-178210 ,Bay R 1531 (LY-197206) ,LY-293284 ,10,11-seco-LSD ,10,11-secoergoline (α,N -Pip-T) ,CT-5252 )Pertines (e.g.,alpertine ,milipertine ,oxypertine ,solypertine )Piperidinylethylindoles (e.g.,pip-T ,5-MeO-pip-T ,indolylethylfentanyl )Pyrrolidinylethylindoles (e.g.,pyr-T ,4-HO-pyr-T ,5-MeO-pyr-T ,4-F-5-MeO-pyr-T )Pyrrolidinylmethylindoles (e.g.,MPMI ,4-HO-MPMI (lucigenol) ,5F-MPMI ,5-MeO-MPMI ,CP-122288 ,CP-135807 ,eletriptan )Tetrahydrocarbazolamines (e.g.,ciclindole ,flucindole ,frovatriptan ,LY-344864 ,ramatroban )Tetrahydropyridinylindoles (e.g.,RS134-49 ,RU-28253 ,NEtPhOH-THPI )Tetrahydropyrroloquinolines (e.g.,bufothionine ,O -methylnordehydrobufotenine )Yohimbans (e.g.,yohimbine ,rauwolscine ,spegatrine ,corynanthine ,ajmalicine ,reserpine ,deserpidine ,rescinnamine )Isotryptamines Related compounds 2-Azapsilocin 4-Aza-5-MeO-DPT 5-Aza-4-MeO-DiPT 5-HIAA 5-HIAL 5-HITCA 5-MIAL 7-Aza-5-MeO-DiPT α-Carboline γ-Carbolines (pyridoindoles) (e.g.,γ-carboline ,alosetron ,gevotroline ,latrepirdine ,lurosetron ,mebhydrolin ,tiflucarbine )Amedalin Benzindopyrine Benzofurans (e.g.,3-APB ,5-MeO-DiBF ,BPAP ,3-F-BPAP ,dimemebfe ,mebfap ,oxa-noribogaine )Benzothiophenes (e.g.,3-APBT )Carmoxirole CT-4436 Daledalin Gramine Histamine Homotryptamines (e.g.,HT ,DMHT )I-32 IAL IN-399 Indazolethylamines (e.g.,AL-34662 ,AL-38022A ,O -methyl-AL-34662 ,VU6067416 ,YM-348 )Indenylethylamines (e.g.,C-DMT )Indolizinylethylamines (e.g.,TACT908 (2ZEDMA) ,1ZP2MA ,1Z2MAP1O )Indolylaminopropanes (e.g.,1-API ,2-API ,4-API ,5-API (5-IT; PAL-571) ,6-API (6-IT) ,7-API )Iprindole Masupirdine Medmain Molindone Non-tryptaminetriptans (e.g.,avitriptan ,LY-334370 ,naratriptan ) Ondansetron Oxazinopyridoindoles (e.g.,IHCH-8134 )Phenethylamines (e.g.,phenethylamine ,amphetamine )Piperidinylbenzimidazolines (e.g.,benperidol ,timiperone )Piperazinylbenzisothiazoles (e.g.,lurasidone ,perospirone ,tiospirone ,ziprasidone )Piperidinylbenzisoxazoles (e.g.,iloperidone ,milsaperidone ,ocaperidone ,paliperidone ,risperidone )Piperidinylindoles (e.g.,BRL-54443 ,LY-334370 ,naratriptan ,sertindole ,SN-22 )Pirlindole Pyridinylbenzimidazoles (e.g.,droperidol )Pyridinylindoles (e.g.,tepirindole )Pyridopyrroloquinoxalines (e.g.,IHCH-7113 ,IHCH-7079 ,IHCH-7086 ,lumateperone ,deulumateperone ,ITI-1549 )Pyrrolylethylamines (e.g.,2-pyrrolylethylamine (NEA) ,3-pyrrolylethylamine (3-NEA) ,3-pyrrolylpropylamine )Pyrrolopyridinylethylamines (e.g.,WAY-208466 )Quinolinylethylamines (e.g.,mefloquine )Ro60-0213 Selisistat Tetrahydropyridinylindoles (e.g.,EMD-386088 ,LY-367265 ,RU-24,969 )Tetrahydropyridinylpyrrolopyridines (e.g.,(R )-69 (3IQ) ,(R )-70 ,CP-94253 )Tetrindole Tipindole Zilpaterol (RU-42173)